广东省惠州市实验中学、河源高级中学等校高二下学期4月联考英语试卷（含解析）

广东省惠州市实验中学、河源高级中学等校高二下学期4月联考英语试题一、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）Top3BestMuseumsintheWorldWhetheryouareafineartorhistorylover,thefollowingthreemuseumsaresuretotakeyourbreathaway.LeLouvre,Paris,FranceAvisittotheLouvreanditscollectionsletsvisitorsdiscoverWesternartfromtheMiddleAgesto1848aswellasalargenumberofancientcivilizations.Thegrandpalacethathousesthemuseum.whichdatesbacktothelatetwelfthcentury,isatruelessoninarchitecture:from1200to2011,themostinnovativearchitectshaveinturnbuiltanddevelopedtheLouvre.●Officialwebsite:Louvre●Highlight:LeonardodaVinci`s“MonaLisa.”TheBritishMuseum,London,UKTheBritishMuseuminLondonwasfoundedin1753andopeneditsdoorssixyearslater.Itwasthefirstnationalmuseumtocoverallfieldsofhumanknowledge,opentovisitorsfromacrosstheworld.Noothermuseumisresponsibleforcollectionsofthesamedepthandbreadth,beautyandsignificance.●Officialwebsite:BritishMuseum●Highlight:theRosettaStone.TheStateHermitageMuseum,StPetersburg,RussiaThesecond-largestartmuseumintheworld,theStateHermitageMuseumwasfoundedin1764(200yearslaterthanTheUffiziGalleries,Florence,Italy),whenEmpressCatherinetheGreatacquiredanimpressivecollectionofworksfromtheBerlinmerchantJohannErnstGotzkowsky.Today,thecollectionofartworkscontainspaintings,sculpturesandsoon.●Officialwebsite:StateHermitageMuseum●Highlight:GoldenmasterpiecesfromEurasia.1．WhenwastheBritishMuseum,London,UKopenedtothepublic?A．1564. B．1753. C．1759. D．1848.2．WhatdotheTop3bestmuseumshaveincommon?A．TheyhaveexhibitsfromtheMiddleAges. B．Theyfeatureexhibitsfromancienttimes.C．Theyhaveexhibitsconcernedwithkings. D．Theyhavebothfineartandhistoryexhibits.3．Whichisthelargestartmuseumbutoneintheworld?A．LeLouvre,Paris,France. B．TheStateHermitageMuseum,Russia.C．TheBritishMuseum,London,UK. D．TheUffiziGalleries,Florence,Italy.Backin1958,IwascrazyabouttheNorfolkandWestern746.Thesmoothbullet-noseenginewithitsorangeandyellowlinesandshinystreamlinedblacktender(车厢)seemedtohavecastaspellonme.Togethertheengineandtendermeasuredalittleshyof2feet—enormousbythetoytrainstandardsoftheday.Evenbetter,the746hadaworkingheadlightandsmoker,anditstendersanghigh.Unfortunately,theamazing746alsohadanamazingprice—$50,equaltoabout$450today.Thatwasfarmorethanmygrandfathercouldafford.Instead,IhadtobecontentwithhislittleLionelplastic,whichwasSIXINCHESshorterthanthe746andhadnoheadlight,nosmokerornosound!Butthatwasthebestthatmygrandfathercouldgivemeatthattime.Yearspassed,andIwasinmy30s.Superiorsoundsystemsandcomputercontrolsdominatedtoytrains.Inevergavealook.Myinterestintoytrains,Ifirmlybelieved,hadfaded,sodidmyadmirationforthe746,sincemygrandfatherwasnotwithme.The746wasnevercalledtomind.Onanordinaryday,however,Ihappenedtoseethe746outsidethewindowofatrainshow.Justone-look,Icouldnotlookaway.ChildhoodmemoriesthatItriedtohideinthedepthsofmyheartracedthroughmymind,happyorsad.ThatdayItookthe746homeandplaceditinthecenteroftheroom,andletmychildhooddreamsingitswayaroundme.Smokeroseoutfromtheengineandthesoftsongsoundedfromitstender.ItseemedasifIcouldseethesoftlightingrandfather'seyesandhearhischeerfullaughter.4．Whichbestdescribesthe746intheauthor’seyes?A．Itsbeautyhadaspecialappeal. B．Itwasthelargesttrainin1958.C．Itspricerocketedfrom$50to$450. D．Itsmeasurementwasatadisadvantage.5．HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenreceivinghislittleLionelplastic?A．Visiblyrelieved. B．Terriblyashamed.C．Reallydelighted. D．Slightlydiscontented.6．Whathappenedtotheauthorinhis30s?A．Helefthisgrandfatheralone. B．Hedidn’tfavorthe746atall.C．Headmiredadvancedtoytrains. D．Heattemptednottorecallthepast.7．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ToyTrains:ChildhoodinHistory B．The746:ChildhoodMemoriesofLoveC．ToyTrains:MemoriesofAGeneration D．The746:APerfectGiftfromMyGrandfatherMathsanxietyisolderthanyoumightthink.Ahundredyearsago,GermanphysicistFelixAuerbach,concernedaboutthesituationandhopingtofindwaystodealwithit,wrotealittlebookcalledTheFearofMathematicsandHowtoOvercomeIt.Foramathematicianlikemyself,thepleasureofreadinghisbookisfollowedbyasighofregretthatthetopicisasimportanttodayasitwasacenturyago.Whydowefearmathematics?Atheart,saysAuerbach,itcomesdowntoabasicmisunderstandingofwhatmathsis.Thefearofmessingupacalculation(计算)maybereal,butthefactthattherearemanyexcellentmathematicianswhoareterribleatcalculationprovesthatmathsskillsandmathematicsaren’tthesamething.What,then,ismathematics?Auerbachsaysitisthreethings:ascience,alanguageandanart.Forme,partoftheproblemisthatweareoftenstuckinthe“science”box.Ifwecanbeshownthebeautyofmathematics,wemightstopfearingthecalculationssupportingit.Asalanguage,whatsetsmathsapartistheuniversality(普遍性)ofitstruths—youcanbecomefluentwhereveryouarefrom.Asanart,thebeautyofmathsliesinthewonderfulthinkingthatallowsustounderstandtheendless,explorethebeautifulpatternsofartandnature,anddelightintheperfectionofideas.Focusingentirelyoncalculationskillsmissesthejoyandexcitementthatcancomefromdiscoveringpatternsandunderstandingthem,fromseeingtheartisticbeautyofmathematics.Someexpertsliketopointoutthatweexperienceanxietythesamewayweexperienceexcitement.Inthesameway,fearcanbenegativeorpositive.Ourgoalshouldbetomovepeoplefromanarrowviewofmathematicsasmerecalculationstoanappreciationofitasabeautifullanguageandartthatinspiresamazement.8．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthebookbyAuerbachaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Itoverstatesthefearofmaths.B．Itaddressesacommonproblem.C．Itistoooldtobeimportanttoday.D．Itispopularamongmathematicians.9．Whatisthereasonbehindpeople’sfearofmathematics?A．Inabilitytodocalculations.B．Lackofsupportfromteachers.C．Failuretounderstanditsnature.D．Difficultyofthemathlanguage.10．Inwhatwaycanweregardmathematicsasanart?A．Throughfocusingontechnicalskills.B．Throughcreatingartworkswithdelight.C．Throughexploringapplicationsinscience.D．Throughappreciatingitsbeautyinpatterns.11．Whatdoesthepassagesuggestwedoregardinglearningmaths?A．Expressourfear. B．Seekexperts’help.C．Changeouropinion. D．Learnanewlanguage.Youleanbackfromthedinnertable,feelinglikeyouphysicallycouldn’tfitanotherbite.Butthensomeoneofferspieandyoujustcan’tsayno.Scientistshavenowidentifiedtheneurons(神经元)behindthe“dessertstomach”phenomenon.Intheirstudy,scientistsattheMaxPlanckInstituteforMetabolismResearchfoundthatmicekepteatingsugarevenwhentheyshouldhavefeltfull.Investigationsoftheirbrainsshowedthatagroupofnervecells,knownasthepro-opiomelanocortin(POMC)neurons,becameactive.Theseneuronsreleaseachemicalcalledβ-endorphin,whichactslikeanaturalrewardandmakesthemicefeelgood.Asaresult,theykeepeatingsugardespitefeelingfull.Interestingly,thiseffectonlyhappenswithsugar,notwithothertypesoffoodlikenormalmealsorfattysnacks.Inafollow-upexperimentwithhumans,researchersgavevolunteersasugardrinkandfoundthatthesamethinghappensinthebrainaswithmice.Thissuggeststhatthe“dessertstomach”isarealthingforbothmiceandhumans.Whydoesthishappen?AccordingtoHenningFenselau,ascientistwholedthestudy,thismakessensefromanevolutionaryperspective.Sugarisrareinnaturebutprovidesquickenergy.Ourbrainsareprogrammedtomakeuswanttoeatsugarwheneverwefindit.Thismighthavebeenhelpfulinthepastbecauseoffoodshortage,buttodayitcanleadtoovereatingandhealthproblems.Thefindingscouldshedlightontreatingobesitybyprovidingathoroughunderstandingoftheurgeforsugar,andcouldevenleadtopotentialmedicalsolutions.Developingdrugstoblockthebrain’srewardsystemforsugarmighthelppeoplecontroltheircravings(渴望).Yet,itistoosoontosaythatthefullpicturehasbeendrawn.Otherstudieshavefoundthatsignalsfromyourdigestivesystemcouldinfluencewhytherealwaysseemstoberoomforadessert.12．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthepassage?A．Bydescribinganeatingbehaviour. B．Byintroducingascientificstudy.C．Bydefiningacertainterm. D．Bycomparingdifferenteatinghabits.13．WhatisthemainfunctionofPOMCneuronsinthemice’sbrains?A．Tellingthebodiesthemicehaveeatenenough. B．Managingthedesireforfattyandsaltyfoods.C．Creatingarewardsystemtoencouragedieting. D．Producingachemicallinkedtopositiveemotions.14．Whydoestheauthormentionthat“sugarisrareinnature”inparagraph4?A．Toblamemodernfoodproductionforhealthissues.B．Toexplaintheevolutionarybasisofsugarcravings.C．Tocomparenaturalsugarwithartificialsugar.D．Towarnpeopleabouteatingtoomuchsugar.15．Whatissuggestedinthelastparagraph?A．Sugar-blockingdrugsshouldbesoldonstoresrightnow.B．Brainactivitiesalonecoulddeterminedessertcravings.C．Moreresearchisneededbeforetheapplicationofthestudy.D．Cravingsforsugaronlyoccurredinmoderntimes.Self-disciplinedpeoplearenotalloutstandingpeople.16Someofthemreadeveryday.Someofthemneverrunlate.Therealdifferencebetweenanelite(杰出的)personandanordinarypersonisthatanelitepersoncanmanagehisorhertimewell.17Whatpeoplecallself-disciplineisinfactself-management.Oneexampleisstayingfit.Neverunderestimate(低估)someonewhoisingoodshape.Anyonewhohasevertriedtoloseweightknowsthatit’snoteasy.18.Ifsomeoneisingoodshape,itshowsthatheknowstheprinciplesofstayingfitandisabletosticktoaplanthatusestheseprinciples.Ifsomeoneisingoodshape,itmeansthatthispersonisgoodatmanagingthemselvesandtheirtime.19Italsoshowsthatthispersonisabletokeeppersevering(坚持)andcanbalancelong-termgoalswithshort-termgoals.Soifsomeoneisingoodshape,heorsheismorethanjusthealth.20Firstofall,setagoalandwritedownyourreasonsforwantingtoachieveit.Createalistofallthethingsyouneedtodotoachievethisgoalandstarttoworkonthemoneatatime.Withself-discipline,smallthingsinlifewillnolongertroubleyou.Onlythroughself-disciplinecanyoutrulyownyourfuture.A．Howdoyoulearnself-management?B．That’swheretheirsuccesscomesfrom.C．It’sevenhardertoavoidputtingweightbackon.D．Whetheritisnaturaloracquired,itisagreatskill.E．Thisskillgivesyouthepowertosticktoyourdecisions.F．Butnearlyalloutstandingpeopleareself-disciplinedpeople.G．Self-disciplinemeansselfcontrol,whichisasignofinnerstrength.二、完形填空（本大题共1小题）WhenmydadplannedoutatriptoLaMinaFallsintheElYunqueNationalRainforest,Iwasnotreallyintoit,andIwentalong21.I’veneverbeenfondofcoldwater.Ifthe22isn’ttomyliking,I’mnotgoingto23myselffromthepool’sedgelikeamissile(导弹).I’mthetypeofpersonwho24theirtimeeasingintothewater,loweringmyselfstep-by-step,and25mybodytogetusedtotheicydepths.Mycomplicatedrelationshipwithwateris26mydad,whoIdon’tthinkhaseverlooked27hedived.Iwasn’traisedontheriverlikehewas.ShortlyafterIwasborn,we28tocentralFlorida,farawayfromtherapidsofmyfather’syouth.WhenwefinallymadeittotheLaMinaFalls,Iwaswornout.Mydadwasalreadyknee-deepinthewaterand29fast,whileIwasrestingonarock.Hepaused,lookingoveratmeand30perhapsforthefirsttime,thatIhad31himintotheforest.Hewavedhishandatme,andI32myshoes.IknewifItouchedthewaterwithmytoeinthefirstplace,Iwouldn’tgetin.So,Ijumpedintothe33water,notcompletelywithouthesitation,wherea34combinationofaccomplishmentandregretwashedoverme.WhenIbrokethesurface,I35mydadstaringatme.“YourgrandfatherbroughtmehereoncewhenIwasakid.”Hisvoicefadedawayintothewater.21．A．anxiously B．hesitantly C．curiously D．enthusiastically22．A．time B．coach C．sport D．temperature23．A．keep B．launch C．excuse D．rescue24．A．measures B．saves C．takes D．kills25．A．allowing B．controlling C．examining D．risking26．A．inoppositionto B．inresponseto C．atthemercyof D．onbehalfof27．A．once B．before C．because D．if28．A．escaped B．journeyed C．relocated D．returned29．A．floating B．withdrawing C．breathing D．sinking30．A．realizing B．regretting C．admitting D．agreeing31．A．challenged B．forced C．accompanied D．guided32．A．staredat B．reachedfor C．kickedoff D．dusteddown33．A．flooding B．appealing C．flowing D．freezing34．A．confusing B．regular C．similar D．simple35．A．left B．pictured C．stopped D．caught三、语法填空（本大题共1小题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TraditionalChineseoperahasbeenrevitalized(复兴)inrecentyears,fascinatingaudienceswithitsimpressiveperformanceandartisticexcellence.AremarkableexampleistheimmersiveYueOpera,“NewDragonGateInn”,showcasedbytherenownedXiaoBaiHua,36hasbecomeanewnationalhit.Thetwoleadingactresses,bothborninthe1990s,havebecomethefocusofdiscussionfortheirbrilliant37(perform).38(draw)inspirationfromaclassicmartialartsfilm,theopera39(skillful)exploresthemesofloveandconflictamong40(it)characters,presentingthenarrativeinafreshandengagingmanner.Innovationiscentral41theproduction'spopularity,astheimmersivesettingof“NewDragonGateInn”42(allow)audiencetobepartofaninnwithsecretpassages.Byshiftingthefocusfromtraditionallovestoriestomartialthemesandintegratingshortvideos,thesuccessof“NewDragonGateInn”,whosegoalistobringtraditionalChineseoperato43wideraudience,isseenasanexampleofshowcasingtheculturalheritageandartisticconfidenceinherentintheYueOperagenre.Thousandsoffansfromacrossthecountry44(crowd)toHangzhoutowitnesstheshowinrecentyears,withmanyyoungpeopleclaimingthat“ithasawakenthepassionforopera45(root)intheDNAoftheChinesepeople”.四、书信写作（本大题共1小题）46．假定你是李华，外教Mike准备开展读书月活动，让学生读完指定的五本英文名著，你认为这样的安排存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：1.说明问题；2.提出建议。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMike,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、书面表达（本大题共1小题）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Itwasmybrother'sidea.Let'sgetMomapetdogforherbirthday.Itwouldmakeherhappy.Ithoughtitwasagoodidea,asMomhadalwayswantedtoownadog.Bythetimeourconversationended,Ihadmytask:findourmotheradog.Afteracarefulsearch,Ifinallyfoundanadfordogsinalocalnewspaper.Anearbyfamilyhadadogwhohadjustgivenbirthtofivemalepuppies（小狗）！Allhadhadtheirfirstvaccines（疫苗），andwouldbereadytoleavetheirmominafewweeks.Igavethemacall.Themanwhoansweredthephonelistenedpatientlytomystoryandsetadateforustomeetthedogs.Whenthedayarrived,Igotintomybrother'scar.Wepulledupinfrontofsomehousesthatsatalonganarrowstreet.Aswesteppedontothesidewalk，weweregreetedbynoisybarks（吠叫声）.Fourdogshadpositionedthemselvesonthebackofasofaandwerewatchingusthroughalargewindow.Weclimbedontotheporch(门廊)andrangthedoorbell.Atallmanwithgrayinghairandakindsmileopenedthedoor.AsIreachedtoshakehishand,Icouldseethepuppiesbehindhim,runningtogettous.Eachpuppyworeadifferentcolorstringaroundhisneck.Wemettheman'swife,whoworeasimilarfriendlysmileandwelcomedustoherhome.Wemetthepuppies'parentsandthensetaboutthebusinessofselectingafriendforourmother.Therewerefourpuppiesandfourvisitors;themanhandedeachofusadog.Threeofthepuppieslookedupatuswithlarge,curiouseyes.Thefourthone,whoIwasholding,begantowiggleexcitedlyandkissmyface."Let'stakethisone!He'stheone!Lookhowlovelyheis!"Isaid.AsfarasIwasconcerned,itwasadonedeal.注意：1.续写词数应为150词左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Mybrotherwasn'tsureandsuggestedthatwetakesometimetogettoknowallofthem._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Twoweekslater,wepickedupthedogandhidhimaroundthecornerinmymom'slivingroomwhilesheopenedherbirthdaygifts._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案【答案】1．C2．D3．B【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了世界上最好的三个博物馆：法国巴黎卢浮宫、英国伦敦的大英博物馆和俄罗斯圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆.【解析】1．细节理解题。根据文章“TheBritishMuseuminLondonwasfoundedin1753andopeneditsdoorssixyearslater.”（伦敦的大英博物馆于1753年建立，并在六年后对外开放。）可知，大英博物馆于1759年对外开放。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据第一段内“Whetheryouareafineartorhistorylover,thefollowingthreemuseumsaresuretotakeyourbreathaway”（无论你是美术爱好者还是历史爱好者，以下三个博物馆一定会让你大吃一惊）可知这三个博物馆都收藏有与美术和历史有关的作品。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据文章“Thesecond-largestartmuseumintheworld,theStateHermitageMuseumwasfoundedin1764”（世界第二大艺术博物馆，国家艾尔米塔什博物馆于1764年建立。）可知，世界第二大艺术博物馆是俄罗斯的国家冬宫博物馆。故选B。【答案】4．A5．D6．D7．B【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过对作者自年少时到成年后对一辆玩具火车情感变化的描述，表达了作者对祖父的思念之情。【解析】4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Thesmoothbullet-noseenginewithitsorangeandyellowlinesandshinystreamlinedblacktender(车厢)seemedtohavecastaspellonme.(光滑的子弹头发动机，橙色和黄色的线条，闪亮的流线型黑色发动机似乎对我下了魔咒)”和第二段“Togethertheengineandtendermeasuredalittleshyof2feet—enormousbythetoytrainstandardsoftheday.Evenbetter,the746hadaworkingheadlightandsmoker,anditstendersanghigh.(发动机和车厢加在一起差不多有2英尺——按照当时的玩具火车标准，这是巨大的。更好的是，746有一个工作的前灯和吸烟，火车声音响亮)”可知，作者对746玩具火车非常迷恋，认为它非常完美，无以伦比，它的美丽有一种特殊的吸引力。故选A。5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead,IhadtobecontentwithhislittleLionelplastic,whichwasSIXINCHESshorterthanthe746andhadnoheadlight,nosmokerornosound!(相反，我不得不满足于他的小Lionel塑料，它比746短6英寸，没有前灯，没有烟头，也没有声音！)”可推知，在作者看来，这个小Lionel塑料和746相比差得太多，所以稍微有点不满意。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Superiorsoundsystemsandcomputercontrolsdominatedtoytrains.Inevergavealook.Myinterestintoytrains,Ifirmlybelieved,hadfaded,nordidmyadmirationforthe746,sincemygrandfatherwasnotwithme.The746wasnevercalledtomind.(先进的音响系统和电脑控制主导了玩具火车。我根本没看它一眼。我坚信，自从祖父不在我身边，我对玩具火车的兴趣已经消退，我对746的倾慕也没有了，我再也没有想起746)”可推知，作者30多岁时，因为祖父不在了，所以他尽量不去回忆过去。故选D。7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ItseemedasifIcouldseethesoftlightingrandfather'seyesandhearhischeerfullaughter.(我仿佛能看到祖父眼中柔和的光芒，听到他欢快的笑声)”和全文内容可知，文章以746火车玩具为主线，通过对作者自年少时到成年后对它情感变化的描述，表达了作者对童年时期祖父的爱的怀念。由此可知，“746：童年的爱的回忆”适合作为文章标题。故选B。【答案】8．B9．C10．D11．C【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了数学焦虑的问题，指出这种焦虑源于对数学本质的基本误解，强调了数学不仅是一门科学，也是一种语言和艺术，提倡人们从欣赏数学作为美丽语言和艺术的角度去看待它，以减少对数学的恐惧和焦虑。【解析】8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Ahundredyearsago,GermanphysicistFelixAuerbach,concernedaboutthesituationandhopingtofindwaystodealwithit,wrotealittlebookcalledTheFearofMathematicsandHowtoOvercomeIt.Foramathematicianlikemyself,thepleasureofreadinghisbookisfollowedbyasighofregretthatthetopicisasimportanttodayasitwasacenturyago.(一百年前，德国物理学家FelixAuerbach对这种情况感到担忧，希望能找到应对之策，于是他写了一本名为《对数学的恐惧及如何克服它》的小书。对于像我这样的数学家来说，读完他的书后，在享受阅读乐趣的同时，也会遗憾地叹一口气，因为这个话题在今天和一个世纪前一样重要。)”可知，一百年前Auerbach写了一本关于数学恐惧及如何克服它的书，作者读完后感到遗憾的是这个话题在今天和一个世纪前一样重要。因为这个关于数学恐惧的话题在一个世纪前和现在都很重要，说明这是一个普遍存在的问题，书探讨了这个问题。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Whydowefearmathematics?Atheart,saysAuerbach,itcomesdowntoabasicmisunderstandingofwhatmathsis.(我们为什么会害怕数学呢？Auerbach认为，从本质上讲，这归根结底是对数学本质的一种基本误解。)”可知，人们害怕数学的核心原因是对数学是什么存在基本的误解，也就是没有理解数学的本质。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Asanart,thebeautyofmathsliesinthewonderfulthinkingthatallowsustounderstandtheendless,explorethebeautifulpatternsofartandnature,anddelightintheperfectionofideas.Focusingentirelyoncalculationskillsmissesthejoyandexcitementthatcancomefromdiscoveringpatternsandunderstandingthem,fromseeingtheartisticbeautyofmathematics.(作为一种语言，数学的独特之处在于其真理的普遍性——无论你来自哪里，都能熟练掌握它。作为一门艺术，数学之美在于其精妙的思维，这种思维使我们能够理解无穷无尽的事物，探索艺术与自然中美妙的图案，并陶醉于各种完美的思想之中。如果只专注于计算技能，就会错过发现和理解数学规律所带来的乐趣与兴奋，也体会不到数学的艺术之美。)”可知，作为一门艺术，数学之美在于其精妙的思维，这种思维使我们能够理解无穷无尽的事物，探索艺术与自然中美妙的图案，并陶醉于各种完美的思想之中。故选D。11．细节理解题。文章开头指出数学焦虑由来已久，接着阐述人们害怕数学的原因是对数学本质的误解，然后详细说明了数学作为科学、语言和艺术的特点。而根据文章最后一段“Ourgoalshouldbetomovepeoplefromanarrowviewofmathematicsasmerecalculationstoanappreciationofitasabeautifullanguageandartthatinspiresamazement.(我们的目标应该是让人们从仅仅将数学视为计算的狭隘观点中走出来，转而欣赏数学作为一门能够激发惊叹之情的优美语言和艺术。)”可知，目标是人们从仅仅把数学看作是计算的狭隘观点转变为将其视为一门能激发惊叹之情的优美语言和艺术来欣赏。也就是说，文章建议读者从狭隘的数学观转变为欣赏数学作为语言和艺术的观点。故选C。【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．C【分析】本文是一篇科普说明文。主要以生活化的场景引入并介绍了人类和动物对甜食的“dessertstomach”现象的神经科学机制。【解析】12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Youleanbackfromthedinnertable,feelinglikeyouphysicallycouldn’tfitanotherbite.Butthensomeoneofferspieandyoujustcan’tsayno.Scientistshavenowidentifiedtheneurons(神经元)behindthe“dessertstomach”phenomenon.(你从餐桌上向后靠，感觉自己再也吃不下一口了。但如果有人请你吃派，你就不能拒绝。科学家们现在已经确定了“甜点胃”现象背后的神经元)”可知，作者通过描述“饱餐后仍无法拒绝甜点”这一具体饮食行为引入主题。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Theseneuronsreleaseachemicalcalledβ-endorphin,whichactslikeanaturalrewardandmakesthemicefeelgood.(这些神经元释放出一种叫做β-内啡肽的化学物质，它就像一种自然的奖励，让老鼠感觉良好)”可知，POMC神经元的主要功能是释放与积极情绪相关的化学物质β-内啡肽。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据第四段“AccordingtoHenningFenselau,ascientistwholedthestudy,thismakessensefromanevolutionaryperspective.Sugarisrareinnaturebutprovidesquickenergy.(领导这项研究的科学家HenningFenselau表示，从进化的角度来看，这是有道理的。糖在自然界中很罕见，但能快速提供能量)”可知，作者提到“自然界中糖分稀少”是为了从进化角度解释人类对糖的渴望。故选B。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yet,itistoosoontosaythatthefullpicturehasbeendrawn.Otherstudieshavefoundthatsignalsfromyourdigestivesystemcouldinfluencewhytherealwaysseemstoberoomforadessert.(然而，现在说事情的全貌已经被描绘出来还为时过早。其他研究发现，消化系统发出的信号可能会影响你为什么总是有吃甜点的空间)”可知，研究尚未完全明确，需进一步探索。即在应用这项研究之前还需要更多的研究。故选C。【答案】16．F17．B18．C19．D20．A【分析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了自律与自我管理对于拥有健康身体和实现目标的重要性。【解析】16．上文“Self-disciplinedpeoplearenotalloutstandingpeople.(自律的人并不都是优秀的人)”指出自律并不能保证成为优秀的人，F项“Butnearlyalloutstandingpeopleareself-disciplinedpeople.(但几乎所有优秀的人都是自律的人)”承接上文，揭示自律与成为优秀的人的真正关系，进而引出下文关于自律重要性的探讨，句中“alloutstandingpeople”对应下文中代词“them”。上下文语意连贯。故选F项。17．上文“Therealdifferencebetweenanelite(杰出的)personandanordinarypersonisthatanelitepersoncanmanagehisorhertimewell.(精英人士和普通人的真正区别在于，精英人士能很好地管理自己的时间)”提到精英能很好地管理自己的时间，B项“That’swheretheirsuccesscomesfrom.(这就是他们成功的来源)”承接上文，说明“managehisorhertimewell”的意义，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。18．上文“Anyonewhohasevertriedtoloseweightknowsthatit’snoteasy.(任何曾经尝试过减肥的人都知道这并不容易)”说明减肥不易，C项“It’sevenhardertoavoidputtingweightbackon.(要避免体重反弹就更难了)”承接上文话题，说明避免体重反弹更难，句中“evenharder”表明上下文之间的递进关系，同时，这两句话与前文“Neverunderestimate(低估)someonewhoisingoodshape.(永远不要低估身材好的人)”构成因果关系，说明不要低估身材好的人的原因。故选C项。19．上文“Ifsomeoneisingoodshape,itmeansthatthispersonisgoodatmanagingthemselvesandtheirtime.(如果一个人状态很好，这意味着这个人善于管理自己和自己的时间)”提出“管理自己和自己的时间”的能力，D项“Whetheritisnaturaloracquired,itisagreatskill.(无论是天生的还是后天习得的，这都是一项伟大的技能。)”承接上文，对此作出评价，句中代词“it”指代上文中“goodatmanagingthemselvesandtheirtime”，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。20．根据后文“Firstofall,setagoalandwritedownyourreasonsforwantingtoachieveit.Createalistofallthethingsyouneedtodotoachievethisgoalandstarttoworkonthemoneatatime.Withself-discipline,smallthingsinlifewillnolongertroubleyou.Onlythroughself-disciplinecanyoutrulyownyourfuture.(首先，设定一个目标，并写下你想要实现它的原因。为实现这个目标，列出你需要做的所有事情，然后一次做一件。有了自律，生活中的小事情将不再困扰你。只有通过自律，你才能真正拥有自己的未来)”可知，本段的主旨是如何进行自我管理，故A选项“Howdoyoulearnself-management?(你如何学会自我管理？)”可以作为段首主题句。故选A项。【答案】21．B22．D23．B24．C25．A26．A27．B28．C29．D30．A31．C32．C33．D34．A35．D【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与父亲一同前往ElYunque国家雨林的LaMina瀑布的旅行经历，特别是作者对冷水的复杂情感以及与父亲在水中的不同表现。展现了作者从犹豫到最终跳入水中的心理变化，以及这一经历所带来的成就感和遗憾交织的复杂情感。【解析】21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我爸爸计划去埃尔云克国家热带雨林的拉米纳瀑布旅行时，我并不是真的对此感兴趣，于是我犹豫地跟着去了。A.anxiously焦虑地；B.hesitantly犹豫地；C.curiously好奇地；D.enthusiastically热情地。根据上文“WhenmydadplannedoutatriptoLaMinaFallsintheElYunqueNationalRainforest,Iwasnotreallyintoit”可知，作者并不想去，所以是犹犹豫豫地跟着爸爸去了。故选B。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果水温不合我的心意，我是不会像导弹一样从泳池边纵身一跃扎进水里的。A.time时间；B.coach教练；C.sport运动；D.temperature温度。根据上文“I’veneverbeenfondofcoldwater.”可知，作者不喜欢冷的水；再根据空后“I’mnotgoingto

21

myselffromthepool’sedgelikeamissile(导弹).”可知，作者对水温有要求，因此如果水温不合作者的心意，作者不会猛地跳进水里。故选D。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果水温不合我的心意，我是不会像导弹一样从泳池边纵身一跃扎进水里的。A.keep保持；B.launch发起、发射；C.excuse借口；D.rescue救援。根据空后的“likeamissile”可推测，，这里是说不会像导弹一样从泳池边发射自己，即不会猛地跳进水里。故选B。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是那种会慢慢下水的人，一步一步地让自己下沉，让身体适应冰冷的水深处。A.measures测量；B.saves节省、挽救；C.takes取、拿；D.kills杀死。根据上文可知，作者不喜欢冷水，如果水温不合意，作者不会猛地跳进水里。换句话说，作者会慢慢下水，适应冰冷的水。考查短语：takeone’stimedoingsth.，意为“慢慢做某事”，符合句意。故选C。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直都不喜欢冷水。我是那种会慢慢下水的人，一步一步地让自己下沉，让身体适应冰冷的水深处。A.allowing允许；B.controlling控制；C.examining检查；D.risking冒险。根据上文“loweringmyselfstep-by-step”以及常理可知，作者会慢慢下水是为了让身体适应冰冷的水深处。故选A。26．考查短语词义辨析。句意：我与水之间复杂的关系和我爸爸截然不同。我觉得爸爸跳水前从来都不会先观察一下周围情况。A