自然和宇宙探索（原卷版）- 2025年高考英语热点话题阅读与时文阅读

专题10自然和宇宙探索(原卷版)

【材料来源：TheNewYorkTimesMay27,2024]

RiversofLavaonVenusRevealaMore

VolcanicallyActivePlanet

Witnessingtheblood-redfiresofavolcaniceruptiononEarthismemorable.Buttoseemoltenrockbleedout

ofavolcanoonadifferentplanetwouldbeextraordinary.ThatisclosetowhatscientistshavespottedonVenus:

twovast,sinuouslavaflowsoozingfromtwodifferentcomersofEarth'splanetaryneighbor.

"Afteryouseesomethinglikethis,thefirstreactionis'wow'JsaidDavideSulcanese,authorofastudy

reportingthediscoveryinthejournalNatureAstronomy.

EarthandVenuswereforgedatthesametime.Botharemadeofthesameprimevalmatter,andbotharethe

sameageandsize.SowhyisEarthaparadiseoverflowingwithwaterandlife,whileVenusisascorchedhellscape

withacidicskies?

Volcaniceruptionstinkerwithplanetaryatmospheres.Onetheoryholdsthat,eonsago,severalapocalyptic

eruptionssetoffarunawaygreenhouseeffectonVenus,turningitfromatemperate,waterloggedworldintoanarid

desert.

Tobetterunderstanditsvolcanism,scientistshopedtocatchaVenusianeruptionintheact.Butalthoughthe

planetisknowntobesmotheredinvolcanoes,anopaqueatmospherehaspreventedanyonefromseeingan

eruption.

Inthe1990s,NASAusedcloud-penetratingradartosurveymostoftheplanet.Butbackthen,therelatively

low-resolutionimagesmadespottingfreshmoltenrockatroublesometask.

Byusingmodemsoftware,scientistshavenowfoundtwounambiguouslavaflows.

【译文欣赏】

金星上的熔岩河揭示了一颗火山活动更加活跃的行星

在地球上目睹火山爆发时的血红色火焰令人难忘。但在另一颗行星上看到熔岩从火山中喷涌而出，更

是非同寻常。这几乎就是科学家们在金星上发现的情况：在这个地球邻居的行星表面上，两股巨大的熔岩

流从两个不同的角落里蜿蜒流出。

这一发现已发表在《自然-天文学》(NatureAstronomy)期刊上。这项研究的作者达维德•苏尔卡内塞

（DavideSulcanese）说："当你看到这样的场景时，第一反应就是‘哇‘。"

地球和金星诞生于同一时期。两者由相同的原始物质构成，年龄和大小也相同。那么，为什么地球是

一个充满水和生命的天堂，而金星却是一个天上下酸雨的焦土地狱呢？

火山喷发改变了行星的大气层。有一种理论认为，很久以前，几次世界末日般的火山喷发引发了失控

的温室效应，使得金星从一个气候温和、水源丰富的世界变成了干旱的沙漠。

为了更好地了解金星上的火山活动，科学家们希望能够捕捉到火山喷发的画面。然而，尽管人们知道

金星上遍布火山，但不透明的大气层让人们无法看到火山爆发。

20世纪90年代，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）使用穿透云层的雷达勘测了金星的大部分区域。但在

当时，图像分辨率较低，要发现新鲜的熔岩十分困难。

如今，借助现代软件，科学家们发现了两处清晰可见的熔岩流。

【词汇积累】

1.witness/'witnss/v.目击

2.molten/'moultsn/adj.熔化的；铸造的；炽热的

3.extraordinary/ik'stroTds.neri/adj.非凡的；特别的；离奇的；特派的

4.sinuous/'smjuss/adj.蜿蜒曲折的

5.ooze/u:z/v.渗出；渗透

6.fbrge/fbirdj/v.锻造（金属）

7.primeval/praimi:vol/adj.原始的；初期的（等于primaeval）

8.overflow/.ouvorflou/v.溢出；挤满了人；过度延伸；淹没

9.scorched/sko:rtft/adj.烧焦的

10.arunawayeffect/'rAns.weifffekt/失控

11.eons/'i:a:nz/n.万古；永世

12.waterlogged/'woitsr.lo^d/adj.涝的，浸满水的，吸绝水的

13.arid/'send/adj.干旱的；不毛的，［农］荒芜的

14.smothered/'smAdord/insth被某物裹着

15.op叫ue/ou'peik/adj.不透明的

16.cloud-penetrating/klaud'penitreitig/adj.穿越云层的

17.troublesome/'trAbslssm/adj.令人烦恼的；讨厌的；令人痛苦的

18.unambiguous/,Anaem'bigjuss/adj.意思清楚的；明确的

【长难句分析】

原句

Butalthoughtheplanetisknowntobesmotheredinvolcanoes,anopaqueatmospherehaspreventedanyonefrom

seeinganeruption.

译文

然而，尽管人们知道金星上遍布火山，但不透明的大气层让人们无法看到火山爆发。

分析

+一[主句：anopaqueatmospherehaspreventedanyonefromseeinganeruption]

I

+一[让步状语从句：Butalthoughtheplanetisknowntobesmotheredinvolcanoes]

I

+--[主语:theplanet]

I

+--[谓语:isknown]

I

+--[不定式短语：tobesmotheredinvolcanoes]

I

+-[介词短语:involcanoes]

(-)

NewSpaceMissionsin2024

ESA'sHeramission

TheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)planstolaunchitsHeraspacecraftinOctoberonamissiontoreturnto

anasteroid彳亍星)systemvisitedbyNASA'sDARTspacecraftin2022.Heraisdesignedtocollectdataonthe

targetedsystem,calledDidymos.ThespacecraftisexpectedtocloselyexaminethephysicalpropertiesofDidymos

andmeasuredetailedeffectsofDART?scrash.

EuropaClipper

NASAhopestolaunchitsEuropaClippermissioninOctober.Thisorbiterisdesignedtocarryoutclose

examinationsofJupiter5smoonEuropa.Specifically,themissionwilllookforsignsthattheicymoonmighthold

therightconditionstosupportlife.NASAsaystheorbiterwillflyinorbitaroundJupiterandperformrepeated

closeflybysoftheicymoon.

Boeing火Starlinertestflight

NASAandBoeinghavesaidtheyplantolaunchthefirstcrewedtestflightofthecompany'sStarliner

spacecraft.NASAsaysitistargetingMay2024tohaveStarlinerreadyforflight.Thelaunchdateistobesetlater.

ThespacecraftcompleteditsfirstunscrewedflighttesttotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)lastMay.But

BoeinghasexperiencedseveraltechnicaldifficultieswithStarlinerduringthemissionandhasworkedwithNASA

tofixtheproblemsasitpreparesfortheplannedcrewedflight.

SpaceXStarshiptest

SpaceX,anotherNASA'spartner,hasbeensuccessfullyusingitsrocketsandspacecrafttotransport

astronautsandmaterialstotheISSsince2020.Butthecompanywillbeseekingasuccessfultestflightin2024for

itssuper-heavyStarshipspacecraft.

SpaceXexperiencedtwofailedStarshiptestsin2023一oneinAprilandtheotherinNovember-which

resultedinexplosions.TheAprilexplosioncausedmajordamagetothelaunchstructureinthestateofTexas.

SpaceXhassaidithasbeenexaminingtheissuesrelatedtotheexplosionsandplanstocarryoutanothertestof

Starshipassoonaspossible.ButitwillhavetowaituntiltheUSFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)completes

itsinvestigationofthelaunchsitedamageandapprovesanewtest.

1.WhichofthefollowingplanstocollectdataaboutDidymos?

A.NASA.B.FAA.C.SpaceX.D.ESA.

2.WhenisEuropaClipperscheduledtolaunch?

A.InApril.B.InMay.C.InOctober.D.InNovember.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutSpaceXStarship?

A.Thedateforitsthirdtestflightisunclear.

B.IthassucceededinsendingastronautstotheISS.

C.Thereasonforitsfirstfailurehasbeenidentified.

D.Itssecondtestflightdamagedthelaunchstructure.

❷©;0。©，

原句

SpaceX,anotherNASA'spartner,hasbeensuccessfullyusingitsrocketsandspacecrafttotransportastronauts

andmaterialstotheISSsince2020.

译文

SpaceX,另一家NASA的合作伙伴，自2020年以来一直成功地使用其火箭和航天器将宇航员和物资运

送到国际空间站。

分析

+--［主句：SpaceXhasbeensuccessfullyusingitsrocketsandspacecrafttotransportastronautsandmaterialsto

theISSsince2020］

I

+--［同位语：anotherNASA'spartner］

I

+—［动词短语：hasbeenusing］

II

|+-［副词：successfully］

II

|十一［宾语：itsrocketsandspacecraft］

|［不定式短语：totransportastronautsandmaterialstotheISS］

［时间状语：since2020］

1.missionn.任务2.spacecraftn.宇宙飞船

3.asteroidn.小彳亍星4.targetedadj.目标的

5.examinev.检查6.measurev.测］量

7.orbitern.轨道飞行器8.crewedadj.有人操作的

9.explosionn.爆炸10.launchsiten.发射地点

（二）

Disabledastronauts-in-traininghavecompletedazero-gravityflight25,000ftaboveEarthtohelpunderstand

howspacesuitsandspaceshipscanbemademoreaccessible.

Thegroupof14,whowerefromfivedifferentcountries,includingAustralia,Brazil,Germany,Spainand

theUS,wasmadeupofscientists,engineersanddoctors.Theyhavemobility,visionandhearingdifficulties.

Thegroundbreakingtrip,organizedbyAstroAccess,happenedonaZero-GaircraftinHouston,Texas.It

camejustweeksaftertheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)announcedthatformerParalympianrunner,JohnMcFall,

wouldbepartofthe2022ESAAstronautClass.ThemissiontookoffandlandedatEllingtonAirport,nexttothe

HoustonSpaceportandtheNASAJohnsonSpacecenter-hometotheUShumanspaceflighttraining.

Onclimbingtoaheightof25,000ft,thevehiclebegan18parabolicmanoeuvres（抛物线演习），allowingthe

crewstotestoutwhatwasneededtomaketripstospacemoreaccessibleforthosewithdisabilities.

Onegrouptestedasetoftactilegraphics（触觉图形）tobeaddedtocabinwallsthatwouldallowbothblind

crewmembersandshort-sightedcrewmemberstomaintainasenseofdirectionduringemergenciesandhelpthem

findemergencydeviceinzerogravityifthelightswentoff.ThoseworkingwiththeBlindandMobilityCrewwere

abletodemonstratethatadisabledpersoncanindependentlygetintoalaunchseatandsafelyfastenthefive-point

seatbelt,provingthatdisabledpeoplecansafelyjoinspacemissions.Thehard-of-hearingandblindcrewsworked

withSonyandSonicCloudtohelpimprovespeechunderstandingsystemsonboard,usingSonicCloud's

innovativesoundpersonalizationsoftware.

MattGohd,CEOofZero-GCorporationsaid:"FromourtimewithStevenHawkingtoourrelationshipwith

AstroAccess,Zero-Gbelievesthattheonlylimitsyouhavearetheonesyouplaceonyourself.Wearehonoredto

sharethisamazingexperienceandthefirststepstospacewiththisextraordinarygroupofindividuals.Spaceshould

beopentoeveryone.^^

4.Whatistheideabehindtheflight?

A.Spacetravelcanbeaccessibletoeveryone.

B.Spacetravelwillbecomeapopularindustry.

C.Spacetravelcandevelopaspiritofadventure.

D.Spacetravelwillbegoodforuniverseexploration.

5.Whatwasspecialabouttheflight?

A.Ithadaformerathleteonboard.B.Itwasdesignedfordisabledpeople.

C.Itwasthefirstzero-gravityflightever.D.Itgotfinancialaidfromdifferentcountries.

6.Whywerethetestsconducted?

A.Tomakepreparationsfortheflight.

B.Toenhancespeechunderstandingsystems.

C.Tobettertheskillsofthedisabledinusinglaunchseats.

D.Toevaluatethepossibilityofspacetravelforthedisabled.

7.WhatmessageisconveyedinMattGohd'swords?

A.Greatmindsthinkalike.B.Unityisstrength.

C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Anythingispossible.

原句

Onclimbingtoaheightof25,000ft,thevehiclebegan18parabolicmanoeuvres（抛物线演习），allowingthe

crewstotestoutwhatwasneededtomaketripstospacemoreaccessibleforthosewithdisabilities.

译文

在爬升到2.5万英尺的高度时，飞行器开始了18次抛物线飞行，让工作人员测试需要什么才能让残疾

人更方便地前往太空。

分析

+一[主句：thevehiclebegan18parabolicmanoeuvres]

I

[状语:Onclimbingtoaheightof25,000ft]

I

+--[伴随状语：allowingthecrewstotestoutwhatwasneededtomaketripstospacemoreaccessiblefor

thosewithdisabilities]

I

[宾语：thecrews]

I

+--[不定式短语:totestout]

I

+—[宾语从句：whatwasneededtomaketripstospacemoreaccessiblefbrthosewith

disabilities]

HE®®

1.astronautn.宇航员2.zero-gravityn.失重状态

3.mobilityn.行动能力4.visionn.视力

5.groundbreakingadj.开创性的6.manoeuvren.演习

7.tactileadj.触觉的8.graphicsn.图形

9.fastenv.系紧10.personalizationn.个性化

（三）

Asmuchasweliketothinkaboutnatureembodyingbalance,theuniverseisactuallyfilledwithimbalance,

too.Lefstakethesupernova（超新星）forexample.Twostarsorbiteachother.Oneofthestarsisolder,calleda

"whitedwarf,“whiletheotherstarisabityounger.Theirmutualgravitationalinteraction（相互弓I力相互作用）

pullsmaterialofftheyoungerstaranddumpsitontothesurfaceofthewhitedwarf.Ifenoughmaterialfallsonto

thedwar£thestuffdumpedontothewhitedwarfbeginsto"burn".

Iftheconditionsareright,youalwaysbumupthesameamountofmaterialthatgetsadded.Ifthedonorstar

isdumpingtoomuchmaterialontothedwarf,theburningrunsoutofcontrol.Itconsumesnotjustthenewmaterial

onthewhitedwarfssurfacebutthewholeofthedwarfstaritself.Somuchenergyisreleasedsoquicklythatthe

starfindsitselfwildlyoutofbalance.Inaninstant,itbecomesasuper-hotballofunbalancedpressure,BOOM!A

supernovaisbom.

Closertohome,asimilarbutdifferentkindofprocesshappensinvolcanoes.Volcanoesarebomwhen

magma（熔岩）fromdeepintheEarthmakesitswayslowlytothesurfacethroughcracksintheplanefscrust（地

壳）.Theheatfromthemagmabuildsupamassivepressureimbalanceinsidethemountain.Ifsthatimbalancethat

drivestheBOOM,thevolcaniceruptionthatripsazilliontonsofrocksawayandsendsash15milesintothesky.

Buthere9sthething:Supernova,volcanoesandallthoseotherexplosionsintheuniversearenotjust

awesomesights.Theyareallessentialplayersincosmic（宇宙的）evolution.Supernovacreatealotoftheelements

inyourbodythatareessentialtolife.Nosupernova,noyou.Andvolcanoesareessentialtoevolutionoftheplanet,

includingthecyclingofgreenhousegaseslikeCO2thatmakeEarthhabitable.Novolcanoes,noyou.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thedonorstar“refertoinparagraph2?

A.Theyoungerstar.B.Theolderstar.

C.Thesupernova.D.Thewhitedwarf.

9.Whatfactorleadstoboththebirthofsupernovasandvolcaniceruption?

A.Hotmagma.B.Burningmaterial.

C.Unbalancedpressure.D.Gravitationalinteraction.

10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheexplosionsintheuniverseinthelastparagraph?

A.Theyevolveasplayers.B.Theycreatehumanbodies.

C.Theyareawesomesights.D.Theyarenecessarytolife.

11.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoufindthispassage?

A.Profile.B.Science.C.Health.D.Economy.

❷。1@。©I

原句

IfsthatimbalancethatdrivestheBOOM,thevolcaniceruptionthatripsazilliontonsofrocksawayand

sendsash15milesintothesky.

译文

正是这种不平衡导致了火山爆发，火山爆发撕裂了无数吨的岩石，将火山灰喷向15英里外的天空

分析

这个句子为强调句，强调uthatimbalance。

+--[主句：IfsthatimbalancethatdrivestheBOOM,thevolcaniceruption]

I

+--[同位语：thevolcaniceruption]

I

十一]定语从句:thatripsazilliontonsofrocksawayandsendsash15milesintothesky]

HE®®

1.embodyv.体现2.imbalancen.不平衡，失衡

3.orbitv.环绕4.gravitationaladj.引力的

5.interactionn.相互作用6.dumpv.倾倒

7.consumev.消耗8.magman.熔岩

9.crackn.裂缝10.cosmicadj.宇宙的

（四）

AlthoughSirIsaacNewtondidnotemployhisreflectingtelescopetouncovernovelastronomical

phenomena,hediduseittocompletelytransformhowweviewtheworldweliveinandtheuniverseasawhole.

Reflectingtelescopesusemirrorstobendlightandenlargeimages,distinguishingthemfromrefractors（折

射望远镜）thatrelyonlenses.Theirsimplicityinconstructionandabilitytoachievemuchgreatersizesthan

refractorshaveledtoatransformationinourastronomicalknowledgeandourcomprehensionoftheuniverse.

Aslightpassesthroughglass,variouscolorsorbandsarerefractedatvaryingangles,leadingtochromatic

aberration（色差）andconsequently,distortedimageswhenviewedthroughalens.InthetimeofNewton,the

technologyforproducingglassandlenseswasstillveryprimitive,andthechallengesassociatedwithchromatic

aberrationhadnotbeenadequatelyaddressed.Todaywecanmakelensesthathavealmostnochromaticaberration

butwecan'tmakethemverylarge.Asthesizeofalensincreasessignificantly,itbecomesextremelyheavy,

causingitsownweighttodistortthelensandconsequentlyruintheimagequality.

Newton'stelescopesolvedtheseproblems.Amirrordoesn'tallowlighttopass.Itsimplybouncesallthe

lightoffthesurface.Thismeansthere9snochromaticaberration.Plus,becauseweonlyneedtobouncelightoffthe

surface,wecansupporttheentiremirroronabase,reducingitsweight.Thisallowsustobuildmuchlargermirrors

withoutanydistortion.

WhileGalileoiscreditedwiththediscoveryofmoonsaroundJupiterandHalleywithpredictingthecomet's

orbit,whatNewtondiddowastieinmathematics,astronomyandourcomprehensionoftheuniversethroughthe

useofhistelescopeandhisuniversalgravitationtheory.

TheoriginaltelescopeconstructedbyNewtonispreservedandmaintainedbytheRoyalSocietyofLondon.

ItisshowcasedinLondonandoccasionallyembarksoninternationaltoursasanelementofexhibitions.

12.WhatdoweknowaboutNewton'sreflectingtelescope?

A.Ithasacomplexstructure.

B.Itreliesonmirrorsinsteadoflenses.

C.Itcanmaketheimagesmallerthanarefractor.

D.IthelpedNewtonuncovernovelastronomicalphenomena.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distorted“meaninParagraph3?

A.Confused.B.Twisted.C.Evident.D.Vivid.

14.WhatproblemsdidNewton'stelescopemanagetosolve?

A.Issueswithimagequality.B.Restrictionsonthesize.

C.Challengesoflensmaking.D.Limitsoflightpassingangles.

15.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofmentioningGalileoandHalley?

A.Tostateafact.B.Toraiseapoint.

C.Toexplainaconcept.D.Tomakeacomparison.

原句

WhileGalileoiscreditedwiththediscoveryofmoonsaroundJupiterandHalleywithpredictingthecomet5s

orbit,whatNewtondiddowastieinmathematics,astronomyandourcomprehensionoftheuniversethrough

theuseofhistelescopeandhisuniversalgravitationtheory.

译文

伽利略发现了木星周围的卫星，哈雷预测了彗星的轨道，而牛顿所做的是通过使用他的望远镜和万有引

力理论，将数学、天文学和我们对宇宙的理解联系在一起。

分析

+--[主句：whatNewtondiddowastieinmathematics,astronomyandourcomprehensionoftheuniverse]

I

+--[主语从句：whatNewtondiddo]

I

+-[系动词：was]

I

+--[表语：tieinmathematics,astronomyandourcomprehensionoftheuniverse]

I

+一[方式状语：throughtheuseofhistelescopeandhisuniversalgravitationtheory]

I

[状语从句：WhileGalileoiscreditedwiththediscoveryofmoonsaroundJupiterandHalleywith

predictingthecomet9sorbit]

HE®®

1.reflectingtelescopen.反射望远镜2.noveladj.新奇的

3.astronomicaladj.天文的4.phenomenan.现象

5.transformv.改变6.refractorn.折射望远镜

7.lensn.镜片8.chromaticaberrationn.色差

9.distortedadj.扭曲的10.bouncev.反弹

（五）

EatinginSpace

Imaginegoingcampingformorethanaweekwithseveralofyourclosefriends.Youwouldmakesureyou

haveplentyoffoodandtheequipmenttocookandeatitwith.Thefoodwouldhavetobestoredproperlyandnot

spoiled.

16Preparationvarieswiththefoodtype.Somefoodscanbeeatenintheirnaturalforms,suchas

browniesandfruit.Otherfoodsrequireaddingwater,suchasmacaroniandcheeseorspaghetti.Ofcourse,anoven

isprovidedinthespacestationtoheatfoodstothepropertemperature.17,sospacefoodmustbestored

andpreparedproperlytoavoidspoilage,especiallyonlongermissions.

Condiments(调味品)，suchasketchup,mustardandmayonnaise,areprovided.Saltandpepperareavailable

butonlyinaliquidform.Thisisbecauseastronautscan'tsprinklesaltandpepperontheirfoodinspace.Thesalt

andpepperwouldsimplyfloataway.18

Astronautseatthreemealsaday:breakfast,lunchanddinner.Nutritionistsensurethefoodastronautseat

providesthemwithabalancedsupplyofvitaminsandminerals.19Forinstance,asmallwomanwould

requireonlyabout1,900caloriesaday,whilealargemanwouldrequireabout3,200calories.Anastronautcan

choosefrommanytypesoffoodssuchasfruits,nuts,peanutbutter,chicken,beef,seafood,candy,brownies,etc.

Availabledrinksincludecoffee,tea,orangejuice,fruitpunchesandlemonade.

20.Astronautsmustthrowtheirpackagesawaywhentheyhavefinishedeating.Somepackaging

actuallypreventsfoodfromflyingaway.Thefoodpackagingisdesignedtobeflexibleandeasiertouse,aswellas

tomaximizespacewhenstowingordisposingoffoodcontainers.

A.Calorierequirementsdifferforastronauts.

B.Therearenorefrigeratorsinspace

C.AsonEarth,spacefoodcomesindisposablepackages

D.It'sadifficultprocesstomakeandpreparefoodforspace.

E.Astronautsbasicallydothesamethingwhentheygotospace.

F.Thespacefoodsystemsteamisrequiredtomeetthenutritionalneedsofeachcrewmember.

G.Thereisadangertheycouldblockairholes,dirtyequipmentorgetstuckinanastronaut5seyes,mouthornose.

亘］忙前!■

1.spoilv.变质2.temperaturen.温度

3.storedadj.储存的4.properlyadv.适当地

5.condimentn.调味品6.liquidn.液体

7.sprinklev.撒8.nutritionistn.营养学家

9.stowv.装载lO.disposen.处理

（六）

ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombiainthe1980s,asciencecareerwithNASAmayhaveseemedlike

settingfootonafarawayplanet.21,DianaTrujillhasmadeit-sheisa(n)22now,leadinga

45-personteamthafsresponsiblefortheroboticarmofthelatestMarsrover.Bomin1983,evenasayounggirl,

Dianawascertainofherpassionfbrscience.Whenshewas17,herdadofferedtosendhertoMiami,Floridato

studyAerospaceEngineering.Withoutany23,shefollowedherdad's24.ArrivingintheU.S.with

just$300,Trujillohadto25throughschoolbydoingaseriesofhousekeepingjobs.The26was

definitelynoteasy,butTrujillonevercomplained.

Thencameanother27momentforTrujillo.Oneofherprofessorscasuallymentionedanastronaut

theywereacquaintedwith.28shewas'justonepersonawayfromknowinganastronaut"wasallittookto

29Trujillo'scareergoals.Soshe30herstudiesinspacescienceand31becamethefirst

Hispanic（拉丁裔的）womantobeadmittedtotheNASAAcademyin2007.Sincethen,Trujillohaswornmany

hatsatAmerica'sspaceagency.

ButDianahasn't32there.Shealsoleadsbyexample,33womentopursuecareersin

STEMfields.Herownstoryisa34thatjustbeyondthatbarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunities

waitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughto35thestars.

21.A.ThereforeB.InsteadC.HoweverD.Moreover

22.A.astronautB.engineerC.pilotD.doctor

23.A.hesitationB.complaintC.expectationD.promise

24.A.commandB.footstepC.requestD.suggestion

25.A.goB.passC.struggleD.push

26.A.missionB.careerC.adventureD.process

27.A.risk-takingB.life-changingC.time-consumingD.energy-saving

28.A.RealizingB.RememberingC.ImaginingD.Assuming

29.A.recordB.shareC.inspireD.finish

30.A.startedB.abandonedC.suspendedD.continued

31.A.immediatelyB.eventuallyC.graduallyD.suddenly

32.A.leftB.succeededC.stoppedD.reached

33.A.encouragingB•promisingC.allowingD.persuading

34.A.symbolB.noticeC.warningD.reminder

35.A.stareatB.reachforC.longforD.comeafter

1.farawayadj.遥远的2.careern.职业

3.roboticadj.机器人的4.rovern.漫游者

5.passionn.热情6.aerospacen.航空航天

7.hesitationn.犹豫8.footstepn.脚步

9.strugglev.奋斗lO.life-changingadj.改变人生的

（2024•北京•高考真题）Thenotionthatweliveinsomeoneelse9svideogameisirresistibletomany.

Searchingtheterm"simulationhypothesis^^（模拟彳发说）returnsnumerousresultsthatdebatewhethertheuniverse

isacomputersimulation-aconceptthatsomescientistsactuallytakeseriously.Unfortunately,thisisnota

scientificquestion.Wewillprobablyneverknowwhetherifstrue.Wecan,instead,usethisideatoadvance

scientificknowledge.

The18th-centuryphilosopherKantarguedthattheuniverseultimatelyconsistsofthings-in-themselvesthat

areunknowable.Whileheheldthenotionthatobjectiverealityexists,hesaidourmindplaysanecessaryrolein

structuringandshapingourperceptions.Modemscienceshaverevealedthatourperceptualexperienceoftheworld

istheresultofmanystagesofproces