2025年高考英语总复习《语法填空》专项测试卷有答案

第页2025年高考英语总复习《语法填空》专项测试卷有答案学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________考向分析考向分析综观近几年的高考完形填空的考查走势，全国卷中的完形填空中，说明文类完形填空出现的几率很小。但是，我们也不能马虎，它们作为高考题型的重要补充，还是有可能考的。因此，说明文类完形填空也要进行一定量的练习。考点导航考点导航语法填空题的命题方式是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（1个单词）或所提供的单词的正确形式。语法填空题着重从句子和语篇两个层级，考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用语法、语用与语篇知识，对语言的形式、意义与功能的综合运用能力，对考生理解语篇语用、分析句子结构、把握语篇话题以及熟练使用语法知识等方面的能力要求比较高。语法填空题的测试点包括英语的词法、句子关系、以及在具体情景中如何确保语义连贯的篇章知识等。在试题设置上，语法填空题在形式上主要分两类：（1）有提示词填空题：通常考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、形容词与副词的等级变化、以及词类转换等；（2）无提示词填空题：通常考查冠词、代词、名词、介词与连词的正确选用等。无论是哪一类的填空题，其核心目的在于考查考生如何通过语言的、语法的、语用的以及语篇的知识，去实现语篇意义的连贯性。复习的重点是要掌握句子的基本结构。首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：（1）主语+谓语（+宾语+宾补）（2）主语+系动词+表语。其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：（1）充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。（2）充当谓语的一定是动词。（3）充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。（4）在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。（5）作状语的典型词类是副词。再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类：（1）用and,but,or,while(而，却)，when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句。(2)用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,sothat等构成含状语从句的复合句（这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句，复合句是包含在复杂句这个概念里面的,在下文的基础写作部分有提到）。（3）用who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。）（4）用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。解语法填空，要从＂词、句、篇＂三个层面去思考。1.词汇层面方法1：作主语或宾语的名词或＂形容词+名词＂前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，根据上下文填冠词。方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。方法6：当＂…（+限定词）+名词＂或＂…+代词/doing/从句＂在句中不作主语或宾语时，通常填介词。2.句子层面方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while,when等。方法2：若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（作主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句，根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句中的成分和意义确定连词。方法3：若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（作定语），则为定语从句，根据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句作主语和宾语，作状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。方法4：若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（作状语），则为状语从句，再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。3.篇章意义层面方法：了解文章/对话大意，运用上下文语境线索、前后呼应、词语搭配等逻辑关系来解题，填入既符合上下文情景，又符合句义、词义的正确单词。【题型分析】

ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid-March-1

sixmonthsoutoftheyear.

"Ofcourse,we2

itwhenthesunisshining,"saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown'stourismoffice."Weseetheskyis3,butdowninthevalleyit'sdarker—it'slikeona4day.”

Butthat5

whenasystemofhigh-tech6

wasintroducedtoreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks（山峰）intothevalleybelow.Wednesday,residents（居民）ofRjukan7

theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine:Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputto8.Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthat

9

themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthe10

andtocloseduringwindyweather.Theyreflectaconcentratedbeam（束）oflightontothetown'scentral11,creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremeters.Whenthelight12,Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether.

"Peoplehavebeen13

thereandstandingthereandtaking14

ofeachother,"Rosays."Thetownsquarewastotally15.Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere."The3,500residentscannotall16

thesunshineatthesametime.17,thenewlightfeelslikemorethanenoughforthetown's18

residents.

"It'snotvery19,”shesays,"butitisenoughwhenweare20.”1.A.onlyB.obviouslyC.nearlyD.precisely2.A.fearB.believeC.hearD.notice3.A.emptyB.blueC.highD.wide4.A.cloudyB.normalC.differentD.warm5.A.helpedB.changedC.happenedD.mattered6.A.computersB.telescopesC.mirrorsD.cameras7.A.rememberedB.forecastedC.receivedD.imagined8.A.repairB.riskC.restD.use9.A.forbidsB.directsC.predictsD.follows10.A.dayB.nightC.monthD.year11.A.libraryB.hallC.squareD.street12.A.appearedB.returnedC.fadedD.stopped13.A.drivingB.hidingC.campingD.siting14.A.picturesB.notesC.careD.hold15.A.newB.fullC.flatD.silent16.A.blockB.avoidC.enjoyD.store17.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.GraduallyD.Similarly18.A.nature-lovingB.energy-savingC.weather-beatenD.sun-starved19.A.bigB.clearC.coldD.easy20.A.tryingB.waitingC.watchingD.sharing检测训练检测训练1、Ascientist1severalmonkeysinordertostudyanimalpsychology.Hetookaglassbottle,2itscork(瓶塞)andputtwopeanutsinsideit.Thepeanutsdroppedtothebottomandwereeasilyseenfromtheoutside.Hethenpassedthebottletoamonkey,whoshookit3foralongwhileandwasabletogetthepeanutswhenthey4fellout.Thescientistthenputsomepeanutsintothebottleagain5hehaddonebeforeandshowedthemonkeythatitonlyneededtoturnthebottleupsidedownforthepeanutstodropout.6themonkeyalwaysignoredhis7.Eachtimeitjustshookthebottlefrantically,withgreat8butwithoutnecessarilyachieving9result.Nowthequestioniswhythemonkeywasunabletounderstand10thescientistinstructs.11becauseallitsattentionswasfocusedonthepeanuts.Instead,itmusttakeitseyesoffthepeanutsandquickly12itsattentiontothe13movementofthescientistandthewaythebottlewasturnedupsidedown.Toachievethis,ithadtocalmdownandnotbe14bytheimpulse(诱惑)ofitsappetite.Yetthemonkeywasnotabletounderstandthis.Itistheinstancelikethisthatrevealsthemonkey’ssomepsychologyisjustlike15ofhumanbeings.1.A.kept B.rose C.fed D.caught2.A.moving B.removed C.discovered D.covered3.A.happily B.anxiously C.hurriedly D.instantly4.A.suddenly B.accidentally C.occasionally D.quickly5.A.as B.that C.what D.until6.A.But B.When C.Therefore D.Thus7.A.directions B.explanations C.performances D.instructions8.A.effort B.strength C.power D.force9.A.expecting B.interesting C.satisfying D.desired10.A.what B.how C.why D.which11.A.Probably B.Likely C.Simply D.Nearly12.A.put B.send C.pay D.shift13.A.gesture B.mouth C.hand D.eye14.A.takenaway B.takenoff C.takenover D.takenon15.A.that B.the C.those D.this2、IwasonatraininSwitzerland.Thetraincametoastopandtheconductor’svoiceovertheloudspeaker1.(deliver)amessageinGerman,Italian,andFrench.I’dmadethemistakeofnotlearninganyofthoselanguagesbeforemyvacation.EveryonestartedgettingoffthetrainandanoldwomansawthatIwas2.(confuse).ShecouldspeaksomeEnglishandtoldmethatanaccidenthadhappenedonthe3.(track).SheaskedmewhereIwastryingtogetto,thenwentandtalkedtosomeworkers,andcamebacktotellmethatwe’dhavetogetontrainsthreeorfourtimestogetthere.Iwasreallygladshewasheading4.samewaybecauseitwouldhavebeenimpossibleformetofigureit5.onmyown.Sowewentfromonetrainstationtothenext,gettingtoknoweachotheralongtheway.Shewasreallythe6.(sweet)woman.Itwasa2.5-hourjourneyintotal,and7.wemadeittothefinaldestination,wegotoffandsaidourgoodbyes.IhadmadeitjustintimetocatchmytraintoRome.Shetoldmeshehadatraintocatchaswell.Iaskedherhowmuchfarthershehadtogoand8.turnedoutthatherhomewastwohoursbacktheotherway.Shehadjumpedfromtraintotrainandtraveledthewholewayjust9.(make)surethatImadeit.Iwasinshock.Awomanspentherwholedaysittingontrainsandtakingherhoursawayfromherhomejusttohelpoutaconfusedtourist10.(visit)hercountry.3、InancientChinalivedanartist.___61___paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir___62___(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Theartistwassurehewould.___63___(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldnanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLiRiver～perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthegreatestartistintheworld.Filledwith___64___(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.___65___heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledand___66___(point)downtheriver.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout___67___(find)thewell-knownpainter.Asthesmallboatmoved,___68___(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.Hepassedmilkywhitewaterfallsandmountainsinmanyshadesofblue.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds.___69___(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartist____70____earth,MotherNature.4、Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,___36___(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig___37___untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,___38___(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum___39___openedin1759.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic___40___(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection___41___(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine___42___(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor___43___(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity’sVikingsettlementisrecreated,andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical___44___(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustcompete____45____people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Mostmuseumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.5、AnybirdthatcrossedhispathwouldbeeatenbyRex,aGermanshepherd.Rex1.(rescue)fromhispreviousshelter,wherehewasgoingtobeputdownafterabitingincident.Lastyear,he2.(eventual)arrivedatPuritonHorseandAnimalRescue.Geraldinewasagooseabandonedbyownerswhocouldnolongerputup3.her.Shewasn’texactlythepictureof4.(warm),either,whenshearrivedatthesameshelterthreemonthsago.Thedogandthegoosewereindividuallygivenlabelslikecruelanddangerous.Neitherseemedparticularlyharmoniouswithhumansorevenmembersoftheirownspecies.Butwhenthetwo5.(annoy)creatureswereofferedachancetohangouttogether,somethingmagicalhappened.Theychasedeachotherwhenfirst6.(introduce),butGeraldinestoodupforherselfandthatwasthat.Theyjustfellinlovewitheachother.“I’vebeendoingrescueworksince1997andseenall7.(kind)ofstrangeanimalbehavior,butI’veneverseenanythinglikethis,”saidSheilaBrislin,8.isthefounderoftheshelter.“It’ssoamusingtoseethembecausetheyloveeachothertobits.Theyareveryaffectionate.Shejust9.(run)aroundalongsidehimalldaylongandwheneverwetakehimfor10.walkinthewoodsshehastocome,too.”6、AsourEarth’stemperaturewarmsupbecauseofclimatechange,itishavingunexpectedeffectsonourworld’sforests.Whentemperaturesrise,treesclosetheirskinsto1thelossofwater,andthis,inturn,slowsdownthe2ofphotosynthesis(光合作用).Asaresult,thesetreesareshorterandgrowslowly,aswellashavea3deathrate.Climatechangealsoincreasesthe4ofdroughtsandwildfires.Afterwildfires,ittakesawhilefortheforestsystemsto5,andinsomecases,theforestsare6permanently.Treesthatarestressedarealso7toattacksbybacteria(细菌).Intropicalforests,vinesthatusethetreesas8canoftenchokethetreesandrobthemofnutrients.Finally,humanshave9theforestlandscapethroughlogging.Whentreesarereplantedonthesoil,theywillnevergrowaslargeasthe10treesthatwerecutdown.Astheseforestsdisappear,speciesthatoncecalledthem“home”areforcedtochange,11thevarietyofthosesystems.12,someendangeredspeciesareunableto13anddie.Old-growthforestsaredisappearinginallregionsofourworld.Whenforestsdie,youngerforeststhatarereestablishedinthesameareagrowbackweakerandsmaller14poorvegetation.Withtreesdyingincreasinglyandcontinuously,willfuturegenerations15outonthewondersofforests?1.A.protect B.prevent C.save D.free2.A.movement B.situation C.process D.operation3.A.higher B.firmer C.lighter D.smaller4.A.choice B.measure C.qualification D.chance5.A.grow B.rescue C.recover D.decline6.A.ignored B.lost C.hurt D.left7.A.accessible B.enjoyable C.acceptable D.favorable8.A.attention B.command C.trust D.support9.A.frightened B.paid C.ruined D.wasted10.A.common B.original C.distant D.strong11.A.affecting B.improving C.forgetting D.reflecting12.A.Besides B.Surprisingly C.Otherwise D.Unfortunately13.A.devote B.keep C.adapt D.lead14.A.dueto B.inadditionto C.insteadof D.inspiteof15.A.pass B.miss C.break D.bring7、Astronomyistheoldestscience41.（know）toman.Thousandsofyearsagomanlookedatthestarsandwonderedabouttheheavens.Butmanwas42.（limit）bythesixplanetsthathecouldseeonly43.hiseyesalone.TheGreeksstudiedastronomyover2,000yearsago.Theycouldseethesizecolour,and44.（bright）ofastar.Theycouldseeitsplaceinthesky.Theywatchedthestars45.（move）astheseasonschanged.ButtheGreekshadnotoolstohelpthemselvesstudytheheavens.Eachnewtooladdedtothefieldofastronomyhelpedmanreachoutintospace.Manknewalittleaboutthemoon46.thereweretelescopes.HedidnotknowthattheplanetcalledSaturnhad47.（ring）aroundit.Hissightwas48.limitedthathecouldnotseealltheplanets.Intheearly1700s,peoplethoughttherewereonlysixplanets.Beforethespectroscope,mandidnotknowwhatkindofgases49.（be）aroundthesunorotherstars.Withouttheradio-telescope,wedidnotknowthatradionoisescamefromfarinspace.Today,astronomyisa50.（grow）science.Wehavelearnedmoreinthelastfiftyyearsthaninthewholehistoryofastronomy.8、ItisreportedthatatpresentacityinJapanhasaproblemwithgraffiti(涂鸦).However,itisnottheusualtypeofgraffitiwithpaintfromspraycans21.(use)towriteonwalls.Itisgraffitiinsand.OfficialsinthecityofTottoriareaskingtouriststogiveup22.(write)messagesanddrawingpicturesinthesandofitsgiantsanddunes(沙丘).Theofficialssaythegraffiticausesdamagetothedunes,23.destroysthepleasureothersgetinlookingatthesand.Morethan3,300casesof"sandgraffiti"24.(occur)atthetouristspotinthepastdecade.InJanuary,twooverseastouristswereordered25.(erase)a25-meter-longmessagethatread"HappyBirthdayNatalie".TheTottoriSandDunesarefamousthroughoutJapan26.theirnaturalbeauty.Theyarethelargestandlongestsanddunesinthecountryandformpartof27.sceniccoastalparkontheseaofJapancoast.Thebiggestduneis50metershigh.Thelocalgovernmentwantstoimprovetourists'understandingofthe28.(important)ofthedunes.Itwillsetupmuch29.(many)signsinEnglish,ChineseandKoreanaskingpeopletorespectthedunes.Aspokesmansaid,"Weareconcernedaboutwhethertherulesare30.(complete)understood,andwewanttocontinuetoprotectviewsofthebeautifulsanddunes."9、What'sthefirstthingthatcomestomindwhenyouthinkoftheword“culture”？Doyouthinkofdifferentgroupsofpeopleacrosstheworldwithvarious1andclothing?Whataboutanimals?SamWilliams,executivedirectoroftheMacaw(金刚鹦鹉）RecoveryNetworkinCostaRica,helpsto2theimpactofthedeclineofmacawpopulationsbytakingbirdsthatwereborn3andreleasingthemintothewild.Butthisprocessisvery4＂Inacage,youcan't5themtoknowwhere,whenandhowtofindthatfood,orabouttreeswithgoodnestsites,"WilliamstoldecologistandwriterCarlSafinafortheGuardian.Inthewild,theparentswouldbetheonestoteachthemthisimportant6Thistypeofknowledgeisknownasculturalknowledge.Culturalknowledgecanbe7fromtheoldergenerationtothenewerone.Formanyspecies,culturalknowledgeisnecessaryfor8Culturehelpsanimalsto9differenthabitats.Forexample,somecrows(乌鸦）havelearnedtoputnutsinthemiddleoftheroadforcarstodriveover.Andinotherareas,theyhavelearnedtodothisatintersectionssotheycan10getthefoodwhenthecarsstopatredlights.Otherimportantpartsofculturalknowledgeincludethingslikegroupidentity,usingdifferenttools,takingdifferent11routesandusingdifferentsocializingmethods.Thesetraditionscanespeciallybeseeninchimpanzeecommunities.CatHobaiter,whostudieschimpanzeesinUganda,said:"It'snotjustthe12ofpopulationsofchimpsthatworriesme.Ifind13thepossibilityoflosingeachpopulation'suniqueculture.That'spermanent.”Cultureisn'tjustfor14.Cultureisalsoanimportantpartoflifeinthewildfromusingtoolsto15.1.A.communities B.zones C.traditions D.divisions2.A.squeeze B.reduce C.wrestle D.delete3.A.encaged B.enlarged C.encouraged D.ensured4.A.tentative B.slow C.lame D.abrupt5.A.elect B.swap C.assess D.train6.A.brochure B.seminar C.framework D.information7.A.passeddown B.takenup C.followedup D.puttogether8.A.management B.survival C.currency D.cooperation9.A.caterto B.pushfor C.adaptto D.divein10.A.safely B.desperately C.surprisingly D.hopefully11.A.irrigation B.migration C.suspension D.collision12.A.loss B.dilemma C.adjustment D.prevention13.A.enterprising B.flexible C.artificial D.terrifying14.A.animals B.plants C.humans D.nails15.A.refreshing B.weeping C.negotiating D.socializing参考答案考向分析考向分析综观近几年的高考完形填空的考查走势，全国卷中的完形填空中，说明文类完形填空出现的几率很小。但是，我们也不能马虎，它们作为高考题型的重要补充，还是有可能考的。因此，说明文类完形填空也要进行一定量的练习。考点导航考点导航语法填空题的命题方式是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（1个单词）或所提供的单词的正确形式。语法填空题着重从句子和语篇两个层级，考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用语法、语用与语篇知识，对语言的形式、意义与功能的综合运用能力，对考生理解语篇语用、分析句子结构、把握语篇话题以及熟练使用语法知识等方面的能力要求比较高。语法填空题的测试点包括英语的词法、句子关系、以及在具体情景中如何确保语义连贯的篇章知识等。在试题设置上，语法填空题在形式上主要分两类：（1）有提示词填空题：通常考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、形容词与副词的等级变化、以及词类转换等；（2）无提示词填空题：通常考查冠词、代词、名词、介词与连词的正确选用等。无论是哪一类的填空题，其核心目的在于考查考生如何通过语言的、语法的、语用的以及语篇的知识，去实现语篇意义的连贯性。复习的重点是要掌握句子的基本结构。首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：（1）主语+谓语（+宾语+宾补）（2）主语+系动词+表语。其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：（1）充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。（2）充当谓语的一定是动词。（3）充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。（4）在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。（5）作状语的典型词类是副词。再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就必须要用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类：（1）用and,but,or,while(而，却)，when（就在这个时候）等构成并列句。(2)用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,sothat等构成含状语从句的复合句（这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句，复合句是包含在复杂句这个概念里面的,在下文的基础写作部分有提到）。（3）用who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。）（4）用that,if/whether(是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。解语法填空，要从＂词、句、篇＂三个层面去思考。1.词汇层面方法1：作主语或宾语的名词或＂形容词+名词＂前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，根据上下文填冠词。方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。方法6：当＂…（+限定词）+名词＂或＂…+代词/doing/从句＂在句中不作主语或宾语时，通常填介词。2.句子层面方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while,when等。方法2：若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（作主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句，根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句中的成分和意义确定连词。方法3：若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（作定语），则为定语从句，根据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句作主语和宾语，作状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。方法4：若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（作状语），则为状语从句，再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。3.篇章意义层面方法：了解文章/对话大意，运用上下文语境线索、前后呼应、词语搭配等逻辑关系来解题，填入既符合上下文情景，又符合句义、词义的正确单词。【题型分析】

ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomid-March-1

sixmonthsoutoftheyear.

"Ofcourse,we2

itwhenthesunisshining,"saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown'stourismoffice."Weseetheskyis3,butdowninthevalleyit'sdarker—it'slikeona4day.”

Butthat5

whenasystemofhigh-tech6

wasintroducedtoreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks（山峰）intothevalleybelow.Wednesday,residents（居民）ofRjukan7

theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine:Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputto8.Themirrorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthat

9

themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthe10

andtocloseduringwindyweather.Theyreflectaconcentratedbeam（束）oflightontothetown'scentral11,creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremeters.Whenthelight12,Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether.

"Peoplehavebeen13

thereandstandingthereandtaking14

ofeachother,"Rosays."Thetownsquarewastotally15.Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere."The3,500residentscannotall16

thesunshineatthesametime.17,thenewlightfeelslikemorethanenoughforthetown's18

residents.

"It'snotvery19,”shesays,"butitisenoughwhenweare20.”1.A.onlyB.obviouslyC.nearlyD.precisely2.A.fearB.believeC.hearD.notice3.A.emptyB.blueC.highD.wide4.A.cloudyB.normalC.differentD.warm5.A.helpedB.changedC.happenedD.mattered6.A.computersB.telescopesC.mirrorsD.cameras7.A.rememberedB.forecastedC.receivedD.imagined8.A.repairB.riskC.restD.use9.A.forbidsB.directsC.predictsD.follows10.A.dayB.nightC.monthD.year11.A.libraryB.hallC.squareD.street12.A.appearedB.returnedC.fadedD.stopped13.A.drivingB.hidingC.campingD.siting14.A.picturesB.notesC.careD.hold15.A.newB.fullC.flatD.silent16.A.blockB.avoidC.enjoyD.store17.A.InsteadB.HoweverC.GraduallyD.Similarly18.A.nature-lovingB.energy-savingC.weather-beatenD.sun-starved19.A.bigB.clearC.coldD.easy20.A.tryingB.waitingC.watchingD.sharing【答案】（1）C；（2）D；（3）B；（4）A；（5）B；（6）C；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）A；（11）C；（12）A；（13）D；（14）A；（15）B；（16）C；（17）B；（18）D；（19）A；（20）D；【解析】【分析】本文讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。（1）考查副词辨析。A.

only仅仅；B.

obviously；显然地；C.

nearly几乎；D.

precisely精确的。根据前文from

late

September

to

mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故答案为C。（2）考查动词辨析。A.

fear害怕；B.

believe相信；C.

hear听见；D.

notice注意。根据后文butdowninthevalleyit'sdarker

可知，我们看到天空是蓝色，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们注意到，故答案为D。（3）考查形容词词义辨析。A.

empty空的；B.

blue蓝色的；C.

high搞得；D.

wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故答案为B。（4）考查形容词辨析。A.

cloudy多云的；B.

normal正常的；C.

different不同的；D.

warm温暖的。根据前文butdowninthevalleyit'sdarker

可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故答案为A。（5）考查动词辨析。A.

helped帮助；B.

changed改变；C.

happened发生；D.

mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故答案为B。（6）考查名词辨析。A.

computers电脑；B.

telescopes望远镜；C.

mirrors镜子；D.

cameras相机。根据后文to

reflect

sunlight

from

neighboring

peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，可知是镜子，故答案为C。（7）考查动词辨析。A.

remembered记得；B.

forecasted预报；C.

received获得，收到；D.

imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故答案为C。（8）考查名词辨析。A.

repair修理；B.

risk风险；C.

rest

休息；D.

use使用。根据前一句their

very

first

ray

of

winter

sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，put

sth

to

use把某物投入使用。故答案为D。

（9）考查动词辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A.

forbids禁止；B.

directs指导，导演；C.

predicts预测；D.

follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。（10）考查名词辨析。A.

day白天；B.

night夜晚；C.

month月；D.

year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故答案为A。（11）考查名词辨析。A.

library图书馆；B.

hall大厅；C.

square广场；D.

street街道。根据后文The

town

square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故答案为C。（12）考查动词辨析。A.

appeared出现；B.

returned归还；C.

faded褪去；D.

stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan

residents

gathered

together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故答案为A。（13）考查动词辨析。A.

driving驾驶；B.

hiding隐藏；C.

camping露营；D.

sitting坐。根据本句and

standing

there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故答案为D。（14）考查名词辨析。A.

pictures照片，图片；B.

notes笔记；C.

care照顾；D.

hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故答案为A。（15）考查形容词辨析。A.

new新的；B.

full满的；C.

flat平坦的；D.

silent沉默的。根据后文I

think

almost

all

the

people

in

the

town

were

there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故答案为B。（16）考查动词辨析。A.

block阻挡；B.

avoid避免；C.

enjoy喜欢，享受；D.

store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故答案为C。（17）考查副词辨析。A.

Instead代替；B.

However然而；C.

Gradually逐渐地；D.

Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故答案为B。（18）考查形容词辨析。A.

nature-loving热爱自然的；B.

energy-saving节能的；C.

weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D.

sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故答案为D。（19）考查形容词辨析。A.

big大的；B.

clear清晰的；C.

cold冷的；D.

easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故答案为A。（20）考查动词辨析。A.

trying尝试；B.

waiting

等待；C.

watching

观看；D.

sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故答案为D。检测训练检测训练1、Ascientist1severalmonkeysinordertostudyanimalpsychology.Hetookaglassbottle,2itscork(瓶塞)andputtwopeanutsinsideit.Thepeanutsdroppedtothebottomandwereeasilyseenfromtheoutside.Hethenpassedthebottletoamonkey,whoshookit3foralongwhileandwasabletogetthepeanutswhenthey4fellout.Thescientistthenputsomepeanutsintothebottleagain5hehaddonebeforeandshowedthemonkeythatitonlyneededtoturnthebottleupsidedownforthepeanutstodropout.6themonkeyalwaysignoredhis7.Eachtimeitjustshookthebottlefrantically,withgreat8butwithoutnecessarilyachieving9result.Nowthequestioniswhythemonkeywasunabletounderstand10thescientistinstructs.11becauseallitsattentionswasfocusedonthepeanuts.Instead,itmusttakeitseyesoffthepeanutsandquickly12itsattentiontothe13movementofthescientistandthewaythebottlewasturnedupsidedown.Toachievethis,ithadtocalmdownandnotbe14bytheimpulse(诱惑)ofitsappetite.Yetthemonkeywasnotabletounderstandthis.Itistheinstancelikethisthatrevealsthemonkey’ssomepsychologyisjustlike15ofhumanbeings.1.A.kept B.rose C.fed D.caught2.A.moving B.removed C.discovered D.covered3.A.happily B.anxiously C.hurriedly D.instantly4.A.suddenly B.accidentally C.occasionally D.quickly5.A.as B.that C.what D.until6.A.But B.When C.Therefore D.Thus7.A.directions B.explanations C.performances D.instructions8.A.effort B.strength C.power D.force9.A.expecting B.interesting C.satisfying D.desired10.A.what B.how C.why D.which11.A.Probably B.Likely C.Simply D.Nearly12.A.put B.send C.pay D.shift13.A.gesture B.mouth C.hand D.eye14.A.tak