2025年高考英语总复习《阅读理解-推理判断之文章结构》专项测试卷带答案

第页2025年高考英语总复习《阅读理解-推理判断之文章结构》专项测试卷带答案学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________1.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中没有对推断文章结构进行考查，这不意味着未来不会考查。高考备考要充分准备未来可能考的题，不是盲目追风必考考过的试题。主要考查：根据阅读文章整体推断文章结构。推断文章结构的方法：1.从整体出发，辨别文章结构图；2.根据文章的某一段落，选择文章作者是怎么展开或组织段落的。【备考策略】系统归类推断文章结构的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。【命题预测】学业水平考试的是高中生的毕业考试，高考是国家选拔创新人才的考试。学考和高考分开考的目的很明确。高考就是选拔性考试，通过高考英语试题，考查学生的推理判断能力和逻辑思维能力及品质是重要导向。通过阅读理解中，推断文章结构考查考生的整体观，从全局看问题的能力，在新高考命题中很可能会出现。推断文章结构的命题依据是：新课程标准中要求学生掌握：主要语篇结构特征。因此，推断文章结构的推理判断题，有可能在2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的题型，应该倍加注意。【2024年高考命题预测】推理判断之推断文章结构考点是新课标中明确要考的考点。在当今高考的新改革时代，考查文章结构题最能考查学生对语篇的整体把控，要求学生必须从大处着眼。预测在2024高考中，推断文章结构题有可能在高考阅读理解中呈现。【推理判断之文章结构考点指南】规律方法：文章结构主要的设题方式常有：（1）Howisthepassageorganized?（2）Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructure/organizationofthepassage?规律方法：如何解决文章结构题？考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此,具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。1、记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。2、议论文总体上可以分为四类：第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。3、说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。（2023届江西省赣州市高三下学期二模）Sleepisreparative.Becauseweneedtorepairalotwhilewesleep,it’simportanttogetqualitysleep.Mostofusfunctionbetterinthedaytimewithroutines.Wealsofunctionbetteratnightwitharoutinebecausewewanttokeeppacewithournaturalbodyrhythms.Eachperson’sroutinemaybedifferent—somepeoplewashtheirfaceatnight,andsometakeabath—justmakesureitisaroutine.That’strueduringtheweekandontheweekend;consistencymatters.Haveawindingdown,gettingreadyforsleeproutine,andcarrythatoutatthesametimeeverynight.Findthingsthatarerelaxingandhelpslowyoudownforsleep.Thatmaybereading,listeningtomusic,meditating,praying—anythingthat’srelaxingwhilealsobeingconstructiveorhealthy.Typically,peoplerelaxandtendtosloweverythingdownatbedtime.Astheyrelax,theytakedeeperbreaths,increasingoxygenflow,whichraisestheirskintemperature.Thisisoneofthekeyreasonswhywesleepbetterinacoolerenvironment.Ifyourskintemperatureincreasesandyourroomisalreadyabitwarm,youwillbetoohottosleepwell.Theexacttemperatureisapersonalmatter.Thekeyisthatit’smoretowardcoolthanhot.Manyconsider68degreesanenvironmentthat’sneithersocoldweshivernorsohotwesweat.Butthere’snoscientificevidenceforanexact,perfectsleepingtemperature.Attheendoftheday,sleepisabsolutelycrucialforsomanyreasons.Ithelpsusrepairandrejuvenatesowecanfightinfection,concentrate,regulateourmoods,showupforourselvesandthepeopleinourlives,andbasicallyfunctionashumans.Wecan’tmakeuplostsleep,contrarytowhatmanyanightowlmightthink.So,it’sreallyhightimeweshoulddoallwecantofosterthebestsleeppossible,startingwithacoolroomandrelaxingbedtimeroutine.1．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A．Aroutinecanbehelpfulingettingqualitysleep.B．It’sbesttoavoidscreensbeforeyougotobed.C．Higherqualityofsleepleadstobettermentalhealth.D．Listeningtomusicmakesitdifficulttostayasleep.2．Whatwillhappenwhenpeoplerelaxduringsleepatnight?A．They’lltakemoreregularbreaths. B．They’llfeelcoolerthanintheday.C．Theirskintemperaturewillrise. D．Theywillnotgetenoughoxygen.3．Whatmainpointdoestheauthorwanttomakeinthelastparagraph?A．Goodsleepcanbemadeatanytime. B．Sleepisimportantformanyreasons.C．Trytodevelopgoodsleephabitsnow. D．Lostsleepmakesnodifferencetopeople.4．What’sthestructureofthetext?A． B．C． D．（2023届山东省潍坊市安丘市高三3月过程检测）Adietrichinfruitandvegetablesandincorporatingadailyglassofwinecanprotectthebrainagainstdementia,astudysuggests.StickingcloselytoMediterraneaneatinghabits,whichalsoincludeplentyofnuts,seafood,wholegrainsandoliveoil,hasbeenlinkedtoa23percentlowerriskofdementia.Basedondatagatheredon60,000peopleviatheUKBiobank,amedicaldatabasesetupin2006,theresearchersscoredparticipants’dietsforhowcloselytheymatchedtheidealMediterraneandietontwoscales.Usingone,thosewhoseeatinghabitswerethebestmatchwere23percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiathanthosewhosedietsleastfitthepattern.Adietwithaperfectscorewouldinvolvemorethanfourtablespoonsofoliveoil,atleasttwoportionsofvegetablesandthreeoffruitperdayaswellasaglassofwine.Itwouldalsoincludeatleastthreeservingsoflegumes,90gramsofnuts,andthreeservingsoffishorshellfishaweek.Theidealdietwouldalsoinvolveverylittleredorprocessedmeat,avoidingtoomanysweeteneddrinks,butter,margarineorcream.Thesecondscaleusedsimilarcriteriaandaclosematchonthatwaslinkedtoa14percentlowerriskofdementia.Thefindings,publishedinthejournalBMCMedicine,appearedtoshowa“protectiveeffectregardlessofsomeone’sgeneticrisk”.DrSusanMitchell,ofAlzheimer’sResearchUK,said,“Thereisawealthofevidencethateatingahealthy,balanceddietcanhelpreducetheriskofcognitivedecline.Buttheevidenceforspecificdietsismuchlessclear-cut.”Shepointedoutthatthestudyonlydrewondatafrompeoplewithwhite,BritishorIrishancestry.Shesaid,“Whiletherearenosurefirewaystopreventdementiayet,adietrichinfruitandvegetables,alongwithplentyofexerciseandnotsmoking,allcontributetogoodhearthealth,whichinturnhelpstoprotectourbrainfromdiseasesthatleadtodementia.”5．Whatdidthestudyfindout?A．Anewwaytocureadisease. B．Apopulardiettokeepbalance.C．Amedicaldatabasetodoresearch. D．Apossiblestrategytoreducetheriskofdementia.6．Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A．Bymakingcomparison. B．Bypresentingtheprocess.C．Byconsultingotherstudies. D．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.7．WhatdoesSusanMitchellthinkofthestudy?A．It’sevident. B．It’slimited. C．It’spractical. D．It’spromising.8．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?A． B．C． D．基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.【2023·广东省华附、省实、广雅、深中四校联考】Oneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprovelifeinthemistoseparatepeoplefromtheircars.Evenwhenyouhaveastrongpublictransportsysteminmovingpeoplebetweenpopulationhubs,thelastmile-thatsectionbetweentherailwaystationandsomeone’shome,forexample-canleadtocaruseifit’sconsideredtoofarortoodangeroustowalk.Theideaofalow-trafficneighbourhood(LTN)-wherecarsarebannedfromquieter‘ratruns’(偏僻小路)tokeepthemonthemajorroutes-hastakenoffinpartsoftheUK.LTNsattempttofilteroutcarsfromresidentialstreetsusingbollards,camera-controlledgatesorevenplantersfullofflowersplacedacrosstheroad,whilepedestrians,cyclistsandemergencyvehiclescanstillpass.AnalysisfortheactivetransportcharitySustransfoundthat“drivingamileonaminorurbanroadistwiceaslikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildpedestrian,andthreetimesmorelikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildcyclist,comparedtodrivingamileonanurbanA-road,”andthatheavycartrafficinresidentialareascanleadtoariseinsocialisolation.LTNsreducethisdanger,leadingtoathree-foldreductionininjuries,andhavebeenshowntoincreasethenumberofvisitorstolocalbusinesses.Alsopopulararee-scooterhiretrials,whicharetakingplaceintownsandcitiesincludingMiddlesbrough,BristolandChelmsford.Thetrialsseegagglesofelectricscootersavailabletobepickedupfromstreetcorners.Thescootersarehiredusinganappandthen,oncethey’refinishedwith,parkedelsewhereinsidethetrialarea,wherethey’recollectedandrechargedbythehiringcompany.ADepartmentofTransportreportone-scooterusefoundtheywere“widelyperceivedtohaveenvironmentalandconveniencebenefits,”butsufferedfromcomparisonstochildren’stoys.Butthat’snotall.Theworld’sfirsthubfordemonstratingelectricairtaxisanddronesopenedinCoventryearlierthisyear.Thetaxisanddronesbasedatthehuballtakeoffandlandverticallylikehelicoptersandarebeingusedtotravelshortjourneysordelivercargo.Weaningusoffourcaraddictionisoneofthemoredifficultbarriersstandingbetweenusandhealthiercities.Thefirststepthatneedstobetakenwillbetotacklethedominanceofthecar.1．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A．Peopleareconsideredreliantoncarstotravel.B．Publictransportsystemstillneedsimprovement.C．Pollutionfromcarshasanimpactonpeople’slifequality.D．Residentialareasareusuallyfarawayfromtherailwaystation.2．WhatdoweknowabouttheideaofanLTN?A．It’sawaytoencouragesocialinteractionandlocalbusiness.B．It’saseriesofmeasurestoreservethestreetstowalkingresidents.C．It’sasystemthatemployshightechnologytokeepcarsonthemainroads.D．It’sapracticeprovedeffectiveinkeepingchildrensafefromtrafficaccidents.3．What’sthestructureofthetext?P=ParagraphA． B．C． D．4．What’sthepurposeofthetext?A．Tocallonreaderstoconstructahealthiercity.B．Topromotethelatestdevelopmentsincaralternatives.C．Tointroducepossiblewaystogetridofdependenceoncars.D．Toinformcitizensoftechnologicaladvancestotacklesocialproblems.2.【2023·江西省赣州市期末】You’veprobablyalreadyheardaboutAI-poweredcamerasthatcanrecognizepeoplejustbyanalyzingtheirfacialfeatures,butwhatiftherewasawayforartificialintelligencetofigureoutwhatyoulooklikejustbythesoundofyourvoiceandwithoutcomparingyourvoicetoadatabase?That’sexactlywhatateamofscientistsatMIThasbeenworkingon,andtheresultsoftheirworkareimpressive.Whiletheirneuralnetwork,namedSpeech2Face,can’tyetfigureouttheexactfacialfeaturesofahumanjustbytheirvoice,itcertainlygetsplentyofdetailsright.Speech2Faceistrainedinthetrainingdata,whichisacollectionofeducationalvideosfromYouTube.“Ourmodelisdesignedtorevealstatisticalconnectionsthatexistbetweenfacialfeaturesandvoicesofspeakersinthetrainingdata,”thecreatorsofSpeech2Facesaid.However,thedatadoesnotrepresentequallytheentireworldpopulation.Therefore,themodel--asisthecasewithanymachinelearningmodel-isaffectedbythisunevendistributionofdata.Youcantellalotaboutapersonfromthewaytheyspeakalone.Forexample,youcanmostlikelytellifsomeoneismaleorfemale,oriftheyareyoungorold,butSpeech2Facegoesbeyondthat.Itcandeterminefairlyaccuratelytheshapeofsomeone’snose,cheekbonesorjawfromtheirvoicealone,becausethewaythenoseandotherbonesinourfacesarestructureddeterminesthewaywesound.TheracialcharacteristicisalsooneofthethingsSpeech2Facecanfigureoutwithaccuracyfromlisteningtosomeone’svoiceforjustafewmilliseconds,aspeoplewhocomefromthesamegroupstendtohavesimilarqualitiesorfeatures.TheAItakesavarietyoffactorsintoaccount,anditsometimesproducesimpressiveresults,butit’sstillaworkinprogress.1．HowdoesSpeech2Facerecognizeahuman’sfacialfeatures?A．Bytheshapeoftheirnose. B．Bythesoundoftheirvoice.C．Bytheexpressionontheirface. D．Bytheresultsofdatacomparison.2．WhatcanwelearnaboutSpeech2Faceaccordingtothepassage?A．Itcantellaperson’spersonalitybyhisvoice.B．Itcandeterminewhereapersoncomesfrom.C．Itcantellthesizeofapersonbyhisvoice.D．Itcanreconstructanimageofaperson’sface.3．Whatisthecorrectstructureofthetext?A． B．C． D．4．WhatwillthetextprobablymentionaboutSpeech2Facefallowingthelastparagraph?A．Itsmarketfuture. B．Itsfeatures.C．Itslimitations. D．Itsapplications.3.【2023届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学高考考前模拟】Thetwentiethcenturysawgreaterchangesthananycenturybefore:changesforthebetter,changesfortheworse;changesthatbroughtalotofbenefitstohumanbeings,changesthatputmanindanger.Manythingscausedthechanges,but,inmyopinion,themostimportantwastheprogressinscience.Scientificresearchinphysicsandbiologyhasvastlybroadenedourviews.Ithasgivenusadeeperknowledgeofthestructureofmatterandoftheuniverse;ithasbroughtusabetterunderstandingofthenatureoflifeandofitscontinuousdevelopment.Technologyintheapplicationofsciencehasmadebigadvancesthathavebenefitedusinnearlyeverypartoflife.Thecontinuationofsuchactivititesinthetwenty-firstcenturywillresultinevengreateradvantagestohumanbeings:inpurescience―awideranddeeperknowledgeinallfieldsoflearning;inappliedscience―amorereasonablesharingofmaterialbenefits,andbetterprotectionoftheenvironment.Sadly,however,thereisanothersidetothepicture.Thecreativityofsciencehasbeenemployedindoingdamagetomankind.Theapplicationofscienceandtechnologytothedevelopmentandproductionofweaponsofmassdestructionhascreatedarealdangertothecontinuedexistenceofthehumanraceonthisplanet.Wehaveseenthishappeninthecaseofnuclearweapons.AlthoughtheiractualusehassofaroccurredonlyintheSecondWorldWar,thenumberofnuclearweaponsthatwereproducedandmadereadyforusewassolargethatiftheweaponshadactuallybeenused,theresultcouldhavebeentheruinofthehumanrace,aswellasofmanykindsofanimals.WilliamShakespearesaid,“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn(纱线),goodandilltogether.”Theabovebriefreviewoftheapplicationofonlyonepartofhumanactivities—scienceseemstoprovewhatShakespearesaid.Butdoesithavetobeso?Musttheillalwaysgotogetherwiththegood?Arewebiologicallyprogrammedforwar?17．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?（①="Paragraph1",②="Paragraph"2，③="Paragraph"3，④="Paragraph"4，⑤="Paragraph"5）A． B． C． D．18．Fromthefourthparagraph,wecaninferthat__________.A．agreatmanynuclearweaponswereactuallyusedforwarB．alargenumberofnuclearweaponsshouldhavebeenusedforwarC．theauthorisdoubtfulabouttheruinofhumanbeingsbynuclearweaponsD．theauthorisanxiousaboutthehugenumberofunclearweaponsontheearth19．Theunderlinedword“mingled”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans__________.A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy20．Whatyouthinktheauthorismostlikelytosuggestifhecontinuestowrite?A．Furtherapplicationofsciencetowar.B．MorereadingofWilliamShakespeare.C．Properuseofscienceinthenewcentury.D．Effectivewaystoseparatethegoodfromtheill.4.【江西省赣州市摸底考试（一模）】Weallknowapickyeater(挑食者)ortwo,ormaybeyou'rethepickyeater,avoidingfoodadventuresatallcosts,becauseyou'reconvincedyou'llhatewhatevernewandbad-lookingfoodisputonyourplate.Butwhyisitthatsomepeoplearepickyeaterswhileothersarewillingtotryprettymuchanythingthatcanbeeaten?There'snosingleexplanationforthepickyeatinghabit.Pickyeatersaretypicallyunwillingtotrynewfoods,whichcanbetheresultofyourDNAandthewayyouaretreatedandeducatedwhenyouareyoung.MarciaPelchat,Ph.D．,aresearcherattheMonellChemicalSensesCenterinPhiladelphiawhospecializesinfoodpreferencesinhumans,tellsChinaDaily,“AgroupinFinlandlookedatwhatwecallfoodneophobia,whichliterallymeans'fearofthenew',andtheyfoundthatthereissomegeneticbasisforthis.”“Also,ifyouhaveparentswhodon'treallyliketotryanythingnew,youwillalsobeexposedtofewernewfoods,”Pelchatsays.Theoppositeisalsotrue:Thosewhotrynewfoodsandhavepositiveexperiencesarethenmorelikelytotryunfamiliarfoodsinthefuture.Peoplewhoarelessadventurousmaybemorehesitanttotrynewfoods.Tryinganythingnew,foodincluded,requiresyoutostepoutsideofyourcomfortzone.Ifyou'renotveryadventurous,youmayhaveatoughtimewiththis.Peoplewhoseeknewadventuresorthrillsmightbemorelikelytoexperimentwithfood.“Thereisathrill-seekingpersonalitytrait,”Pelchatsays.“It'sbeenshown,especiallywithspicyfood,thatthereissomeconnectionbetweentryingnewfoodsandthrillseeking,”sheexplains.Mostadultpickyeatersstartaschildpickyeaters.“It'snormalforchildrentogothroughapickystagewhenthey'retoddlers,maybetwoorthreeyearsold,andthatmakessenseevolutionarily,”Pelchatsays.Butaswegetolder,ifwecontinuetoavoidnewfoods,pickinesscanpersist.35．Whichofthefollowingshowsthebeststructureofthepassage?(P=Paragraph)A． B．C． D．5.【河南省南阳市六校第一次联合测试】Thegrocerystoremightnotbeyourfavoriteplacetovisitwhenyou'reathome,butisiteverfunwhenyou'reinanothercountry?Honestlyspeaking,they'reoneofthosestrangelittledestinationsthatIliketosniffouteverywhereIgo,muchasothertravelersheadtowardclothingstores,libraries,coffeeshopsorgalleries.Thegreatestbeautyofthegrocerystore––whetherit'sasupermarketoratinyshop––isthatitgivesyouaglimpseintowhatlocalpeoplebuytocooktheirownmeals.Thisofferscluesintotheirlifestylesandpreferences,andintotheagriculturalandcookingpracticesofthecountry.Istareatthestrangefruitsandvegetables,theseafood,thecheese,thespices,thebread,andoh,thechocolate...alwaysthechocolate!Beingtheenvironmentalnerd（呆子）Iam,Ilikepayingattentiontopackaging,whichcanreflectpeople'sattitudestowardsenvironmentalprotection.Italy,forexample,hasahabitofrequiringcustomerstobagtheirfruitsandvegetablesinplasticforweighing,whileSriLankaleaveseverythinglooseinbins.InBrazil,everythingisprepackagedinalayerofplastic.Peopleingrocerystorestendtobefriendlier.Theysmile,sayhello,andsometimesaskquestions,whichcanleadtogreatconversations.IhadafurtherdiscussionwithateenagedcashierinSriLanka,overwhichbagofcrunchy（松脆的）mixtobuy.Heinsistedthattheonelabeled“spicy”wouldbetoohotforme,butItoldhimIwaswillingtoriskit.HelaughedandweendeduptalkingaboutmyfavoriteSriLankanfoodsfortenminutes.It'sinterestingthentocomehomeandlookatone'sownlocalgrocerystorethroughneweyes.Whatwouldavisitorthink?Whatstandsout,andwhatdothefooddisplayssayaboutusasaculture?Youmightbesurprisedbywhatyourealize.11．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureoftext?(P:paragraph)A． B．C． D．6.【广东省名校2022届高三年级下学期联合测试】Integrityisthequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetoberight.Theconceptofintegrityhasplayedakeyroleinmoralphilosophythroughouthistoryandispromotedinallsocietiesbecauseofitsimportancetosocialrelations.Individualintegrityisvitaltosociety,onethatenablespeopletomakeuseoftheircapacityforcriticalreflection,doesnotforcepeopletotakeupparticularrolesanddoesnotencourageindividualstobetrayeachother.Besides,societiescanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Individualintegritycanliftupthespiritsoftheentiresociety.Itcanshapethelivesofpeoplelivinginaparticularsociety,thelivesofallfellowpeopleand,initsbroadestsense,eventhedestinyofanation.Bycontrast,ifthoselivinginthesocietyarecorrupt,itcouldhavebadeffects,jeopardizingthehealthymoralityofthesociety.Ontheotherhand,asocietycanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Societyexpectsandrequiresintegrity.Asocietyconsistingofpeopleofintegrity,andpeoplewhonevercompromiseontheirprinciples,couldhaveapositivemarkonthepersonaldevelopmentonitsmembers.Beingapartofsuchamorallylivelycommunitycouldserveasabasisforabsorbingtraitsofgoodcharacter.Thiscouldbeofadistinctadvantagetoanyindividualsinthesociety.Nonetheless,somesocialstructuresareofthewrongsortforsomeindividualstopursueintegrity.Ifthatisthecase,wehavetoaskquestionsaboutthemoralnatureofsocietyfirstbeforeraisingquestionsaboutindividualintegrity.Questionsaboutintegritymayturnouttobeaboutwhatkindofsocietyitis,ratherthanabouttherelationshipbetweenindividualinterestsandcharacteristicsofasociety.Thepursuitofadequateindividualintegrityoftendepends,notsomuchonunderstandingwhooneisandwhatonebelievesandiscommittedto,butratherunderstandingwhatone’ssocietyisandimaginingwhatitcouldbe.Undernocircumstancescanweunderestimatetheimportanceofhumanintegrityinasociety.People,whoarehonest,trustworthy,compassionateandcaring,arethefactorsdecisiveinthegrowthofindividualsaswellasthedevelopmentofasociety.12．Individualintegrityhasbeenvaluedinsocietybecause______.A．ithelpsdevelopphilosophy B．itiscrucialtosocialrelationsC．itisthebasisofcriticalthinking D．itensurespeople’sparticularroles13．Theunderlinedword“jeopardizing”inParagraph2probablymeans“______”.A．strengthening B．assessingC．influencing D．destroying14．Whatdoestheauthorbelieveaccordingtothepassage?A．Individualintegrityreliesonwhatonehasfaithin.B．Thepursuitofindividualintegritychangeswithtime.C．Thenatureofsocietyisdecidedbyeconomicdevelopment.D．Socialstructuresguidetheformationofindividualintegrity.15．Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?CP:CentralPoint

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C:ConclusionA． B．C． D．7.（北京四中高三期中）Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A．X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple’sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore.Theyaredesignedtowinusovernotwiththeirsmartsbutwiththeirpersonality.Theyaresoldascompanionsthatdomorethantalktous.Timemagazinehailed(称赞)therobotsthat“couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines.”Butisreshapinghowweinteractwithmachinesagoodthing,especiallyforchildren?Someresearchersinfavoroftherobotsdon’tseeaproblemwiththis.Peoplehaverelationshipswithmanykindsofthings.Somesayrobotsarejustanotherthingwithwhichwecanhaverelationships.Tosupporttheirargument,roboticistssometimespointtohowchildrendealwithtoydolls.Childrenanimate(赋予…生命)dollsandturnthemintoimaginaryfriends.Jibo,inasense,willbeonemoreimaginaryfriend,andarguablyamoreintelligentandfunone.Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though.Today’srobotstellchildrenthattheyhaveemotions,friendships,evendreamstoshare.Inreality,thewholegoaloftherobotsisemotionaltrickery.Forinstance,Cozmotherobotneedstobefed,repairedandplayedwith.BorisSofman,thechiefexecutiveofAnki,thecompanybehindCozmo,saysthattheideaistocreate“adeeperanddeeperemotionalconnection...Andifyouneglecthim,youfeelthepainofthat.”Whatisthepointofthis,exactly?Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn’tevenknowitisneglectingyou?Thisshouldnotbeouronlyconcern.Itistroublingthattheserobotstrytoempathizewithchildren.Empathyallowsustoputourselvesintheplaceofothers,toknowwhattheyarefeeling.Robots,however,havenoemotionstoshare,andtheycannotputthemselvesinourplace.Nomatterwhatroboticcreatures“say”orsqueak,theydon’tunderstandouremotionallives.Theypresentthemselvesasempathymachines,buttheyaremissingtheessentialequipment.Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon’tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.Whatisalsotroublingisthatchildrentakerobots’behaviortoindicatefeelings.Whentherobotsinteractwiththem,childrentakethisasevidencethattherobotslikethem,andwhenrobotsdon’tworkwhenneeded,childrenalsotakeitpersonally.Theirrelationshipswiththerobotsaffecttheirself-esteem(自尊).Inonestudy,an8-year-oldboyconcludedthattherobotstoppedtalkingtohimbecausetherobotlikedhisbrothersbetter.Forsolong,wedreamedofartificialintelligenceofferingusnotonlysimplehelpbutconversationandcare.Nowthatourdreamisbecomingreal,itistimetodealwiththeemotionaldownsideoflivingwithrobotsthat“feel.”1．HowarethenewsocialrobotsdifferentfromSiri?A．Theyareintendedtoteachchildrenhowtotalk.B．Theyaredesignedtoattractpeoplewiththeirsmarts.C．Theirmainfunctionistoevaluatechildren’spersonality.D．Theyhaveanewwaytocommunicatewithhumanbeings.2．InParagraph3Cozmoisusedasanexampletoshowthatthesocialrobots______.A．aredeeplyconnectedwithhumanbeingsB．areunabletobuildarealrelationshipwithchildrenC．aresoadvancedthattheycanfeelthepainofhumanbeingsD．arenotgoodenoughtocarryouttheinstructionsofchildren3．Theunderlinedphrase“essentialequipment”inParagraph4refersto______.A．emotion B．painC．fear D．thinking4．Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionA． B．C． D．8.（2020·北京西城·一模）TheImpossibleBurgerisentirelyfreeofmeat.Butitlooks,smells,feelsand—mostimportantly—tastessomuchlikerealhamburgerbeef.Infact,plant-basedburgeralternativeshavesetoffastrongresistancefromthebeefindustry.TheCenterforConsumerFreedom,anonprofitthatadvocatesonbehalfofthefastfoodandmeatindustrieshaslaunchedan“informational”campaigntargetingplant-basedmeats.ThecampaignhasincludedTVandonlineads,aswellasprintadsinnewspapers.Theadsseemtoimplythatnotonlyisanartificialburgertooprocessed,butthatitmightbeevenlesshealthythantheaveragebeefburger.Whileit’struethataplant-basedmeatalternativeisprocessedandit’struethateatingoneisnotashealthyasapileofrawvegetables,it’sbesttotaketheadswithagenerouspinchofsalt.Forinstance,theadditivesandpreservativesinplant-basedmeathighlightedinoneadsuresoundscary.Whowantssomethingcalledtitaniumdioxide(二氧化钛)intheirmeal?Butthetruthisthatadditivessuchasthoselistedintheadsareregularlyusedinallsortsofpackagedfoods.Andifmethylcellulose,af