一词三式课件

一词三式(全)4.医学英语术语的特征

1)最基本特征----“一词三式”

p27

英语医学术语主要来自3个语言成分：央格鲁-撒克逊语（古英语Anglo-Saxon），古希腊语(Greek)与古拉丁语(Latin)。拉丁语和希腊语这两大古代语言为医学英语术语提供了大量可灵活运用并含义确切的词根，这样就出现了相同含义，不同拼写的词根与各种前后缀结合构成大量的含义相同或不同的医学英语术语，这就是医学英语术语的一词三式现象。一词三式(全)2)医学英语术语的其他来源

一、以医生或者患者名字为术语：

Parkinson’sDissease,振颤麻痹，以医生为名；

Hippocraticface死后面相，以医生为名；

Christmasdisease,凝血因子IX缺乏（克雷司马斯病）；

Helacells希拉细胞（子宫颈癌细胞），以患者为名。

二、以文学作品或事件中人物为术语：

Achilleustendon跟腱；AchillesJerk跟腱反射；

Oedipuscomplex恋母情节;Electracomplex恋父情结；

Jocastacomplex恋子情结；LearComplex恋女情结；

Dianacomplex独身情节；Caincomplex兄弟敌对情节；

三、以地名冠名：

Keshandisease中国克山微量元素缺乏；

Mediterranniananemia地中海贫血;Schistosomamekongi湄公河血吸虫一词三式(全)Achilleustendon跟腱AnAchilles’heelisadeadlyweaknessinspiteofoverallstrength,thatcanactuallyorpotentiallyleadtodownfall.一词三式(全)Dianacomplex独身情节Diana存在于古罗马神话中，是月亮女神和狩猎女神，宙斯的女儿，太阳神阿波罗的孪生妹妹。狄安娜身材修长、匀称，相貌美丽，又是处女的保护神，所以她的名字常成为“贞洁处女”的同义词。据说，她有很多求婚者，但她不愿结婚，宣称自己特别热爱自由，愿意与森林中的仙女们永远生活在一起。因此，在英语中，tobeaDiana可用来表示“终身不嫁”。一词三式(全)Oedipuscomplex恋母情结

在精神分析中指以本能冲动力为核心的一种欲望。通俗地讲是指男性的一种心理倾向，就是无论到什么年纪，都总是服从和依恋母亲，在心理上还没有断乳。这种男性被称为mamaboy。一词三式(全)complexAbnormalmentalstateresultingfrompastexperienceorsuppresseddesires情结一词三式(全)“一词三式”举例ChineseAnglo-SaxonGreekLatin体bodysomacorpus心heartcardiacor肠bowelenteronintestine肾kidneynephrosrenes血bloodhemasanquis脑brainencephalocerebro腹abdomencelioabdomino鼻noserhinonaso女womangynefemale一词三式(全)例：体躯系统

英语希腊源拉丁源Body somato-coporo-Headcephalo-capito-necktrachelo-cervico-limb acro-membrumfingerdactylo-digito-thigh股mero-femoro-chestthoraco-pecto-breastmasto-mammo-bellyventro-abdomino-flank肋腹laporo-,celiobackopitho-dorsi-waistlumbo-loin一词三式(全)二、心血管系统Heartcardiocor-Atrium心房artrio-aurico-Ventricle心室ventrico-Vessel血管angio-vaso-Artery动脉arterio-Vein静脉phlebo-veno-一词三式(全)三、呼吸系统Breathpneumo-spiro-Noserhino-nazo-Windpipe支气管bronco-Lungpneumono-pulmo-Airsac肺泡alvelo-四、消化系统Digestionpepso-gesto-Stomachgestro-Gut肠entero-intesetinoGallbladdercholecysto-vesica,fellaLiver肝hepato-jeco-一词三式(全)五、口颌系统Mouthstomato-oro-Lipcheilo-labio-Tongueglosso-linquo-Gumsulo-gingivo-Toothodonto-dento-六、泌尿系统Urine尿uro-Kidneynephro-renoRenopelvis肾盂pyelo-pelvi-Bladder膀胱cystovesico-一词三式(全)七、生殖系统Womangyneco-femaleEggoo-ovo-Ovary卵巢oophoroovario-Fallopiantube输卵管salpino-oviducto-Womb子宫hystero-,metro-utero-Menstruation月经meno-mensesManandro-maleseed精子spermsemino-testis睾丸orchio-testo-一词三式(全)八、内分泌系统Secretion分泌-crineGlandadino-Pituitary垂体hypophyso-Sexorgan性腺gonado-九、神经系统Nerveneuro-Brainencephalo-cerebro-Bark皮质corticomarrow髓质myelo-medullo-horse海马hippo-mindpsycho-,phreno-fear-phobia一词三式(全)十、皮肤和感觉器官Skindermocuto-Eyeophthalmo-oculoLens晶体phaco-Glass玻璃体vitreoCornea角膜keratocorneoEarotoauriDrum鼓膜tympanoSenseesthesiosensoEyesight-opvisionHearingacou-audioSmellosmo-olfacto-Taste-geusgustoTouchhapto-,thigmo-一词三式(全)十一、肌肉骨骼系统Flesh肌肉myo-musculo-Bone骨osteo-os-Cartilage软骨chondro-Ligament韧带Ligamento-desmo-Skull颅骨cranio-Backbonerachio-,spondylospino-,vertebro-Jointarthro-articular十二、细胞遗传学Cellcyto-corpuscleNut核karyoneucleusThread线mito-

一词三式(全)十三、局部解剖Tissuehisto-textusNipplethelotheliumLayerlaminoFleshscarco-creato-caro-Cave窦anthro-sino-Doorpyle-porto-BridgeponsSheath鞘theco-vagino-一词三式(全)十四、液体、分泌、免疫Fluidliquid,humoroBloodbaemo-sangui-Whey血清oro-sero-Milkgalactolacto-gall胆汁bilegallspit唾液sialo-salivateardacryo-lacrimo-phlegm粘液myxo-muco-sweathidro-sudo-stool粪corpro-fecalo-spleen脾spleno-lienohypersensitivityanaphylaxis,allergery一词三式(全)十五、医用生物学生命lifebio-vivo-植物plantphyto-,botano-叶leavephyllo-folic树treedendro-arbor根rootrhizo-radico-裸nudegymno-动物animalzoo-鱼fishichthyo-牛bulltauro-bovine狗dogcyno-canine人类mananthro-human毒poisontoxico-virus一词三式(全)十六、病理学与症状粘连adheasionankylo-adhesion空洞cavitysyringe-caverno-聋deafnessanacousissurdi-死亡deaththanato-nacro-疾病deseasepatho-morbido-发热feverpyro-febrile炎症inflammationphlogo-,-it,is癌cancercarcino-肿瘤tumoronco-,neoplasm疼痛painalgia-dolor浓puspyo-破裂break-rrhexisrupture结石stoneltho-calculo-呕吐vomit-emsisvomitus出血bleedinghemorrhage一词三式(全)十七、疾病后缀症–ia(皮肤、结石)症-iasis病–igo中毒症–ism血症-emia发作-lepsy疾病noso-(过多)症–osis疾病–pathy,patho十八、诊断图像-meter,-gram仪器-graph,-scope术–metry,-graphy,scopy一词三式(全)十九、医用物理学运动movementkineto-motion速度speedvelocity时间timechrono-tempo-长度lengthlongi-震动shakevibration热heatthermo-calori-冷coldcryo-frigo-空气airaero-光lightphoto-sono-力forcedynamio-power压力pressurebaro-一词三式(全)二十、外科手术切开cutting-tomyicsision切除cutaway-ectomyexcision,resection造口opening-stomy造型术shape-plasty缝合术sew-raphysuture固定术fixation-pexyimmobilization穿刺术puncture--centesis破碎术break-triipsy,-rrhexis二十一、药理学一词三式(全)二十一、药理学药drugpharmaco-medicine疗法treatment-therapyremedy麻醉-narco-,anesthesia促-tropic,agoguestimulating抑制inhibit-static形shapemorpho--iform立体solidstereo-轮状wheeltroco-球状ballsphero-globo-角angleganio--angle凹hollowkoillo-concave鳞状coilspiro-,helicon-舟状boatscapho-星状starastero-stellate一词三式(全)二十二、性状多many,muchpoly-multi-少few,lessoligo-,-peniadeficient大largemacro-小smallmicro-远distaltele-近nearjuxsta-新newneo-novo-旧oldarchaeo-,paleo-甜sweetgluco-,glycol-苦bitterpicro-慢slowbrady-快swifttachy-佳welleu-同samenesshomo-iso-异differenceallo-hetero-硬hardsclero-duro-软softmalaco-pia-一词三式(全)二十三、颜色颜色hugechromo-colour红rederythro-rub-黄yellowxantho-flavor-luteo白whiteleuco-,leukoalb-黑blackmelano-nigro-二十四、方位前beforepro-ant-,pre后afterpost-retro-上aboveepi-sup-下belowhypo-inf-,sub-内insideendo-int-外outsideexo-,eco-ext-左leftsinister-levo-右rightdextro-中间middlemeso-medio-一词三式(全)二十四、数字半halfhemi-semi-一onemono-uni-二twodi-,anphi-bi-,ambi-三threetri-ter-四fourtetra-quadric-五fivepent-quinque六sixhex-sex百hundredhect-centi-千thousandkilo-milli-甲firstmetho-primary乙secondetho-aceto-丙thirdprop-tert-丁fourthbut-一词三式(全)二十五、无机化学酸acidoxy-碱basealkalo-钠sodanatro-sodium-钾kaliumpotassium铁ironsedero-ferro-铜copperchalco-cupri-银silverargyro-argento-金goldchryso-aur-二十六、有机化学的词尾醛–al烷–ane酶-ase脂、盐-ate烯–ene醚–ether酯–ester酮-one醇、酚–ol糖–ose一词三式(全)二十七、无机化学糖sugarsacchro-,-ose脂肪fatlipo-adipo淀粉starchamylo-医院名称的翻译X-光室X-rayroom儿科PediatricsDepartment儿童医院Children’shospital入院处AdmissionOffice卫生员HealthWorker卫生医师hygienist门诊部Out-patientDepartment口腔科StomatologyDepeartment一词三式(全)内分泌科Endocrinology[endEukrain]Department引产室Inducedabortionroom检验室Laboratory手术室OperatingRoom内科InternalMedicine内科医生physician外科surgeryDepartment外科医生Surgeon皮肤科DermatologyDepartment皮肤科医生