2025年广东广州市高三二模高考英语试卷试题（含答案详解）

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页★启用前注意保密试卷类型：B2025年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）英语本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、试室号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。并在答题卡相应位置上填涂考生号。因笔试不考听力，试卷从第二部分开始，试题序号从“21”开始。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AInordertohelpinternationalstudentsimproveChineseproficiency(水平)andbetterunderstandChineseculture,ourcollegeislaunchingthe2025-2026non-degreeChinesecourseprogram.GENERALREQUIREMENTSTargetgroup:non-Chinesecitizenswithup-to-dateordinarypassports,havingstudiedthelanguageinChinaforupto2yearsAge:18-55APPLICATIONDOCUMENTSHighesteducationqualification,originalorcertified,inChineseorEnglishAprofile(personalinformation,educationalexperiences,etc.)inChinesePassportcopy(validformorethan6months)AllvisacopyColourphotowithoutahat,samesizeastheoneonthepassportOfficialChineseProficiencyTest(HSK)ReportifavailableOFFLINECURRICULUMProgramduration·Longterm:onesemester(学期)oroneacademicyear(twosemesters)·Shortterm:3monthsCoursetype·Generalcoursesincludedifferentlanguagelevels,fromelementarytoadvanced.·CharacteristiccoursesarecategorizedintointensiveChineseandbusinessChinese.REGISTRATIONDEADLINEFallsemester:August15th,2025Springsemester:January15th,2026FEESApplicantsarerequiredtopay:Registration:420yuanInsurance:400yuan/semesterTuition:GeneralcoursesCharacteristiccoursesThreemonthsRMB7,500OnesemesterRMB8,900ThreemonthsRMB13,800OnesemesterRMB16,5001．Whatisthepurposeoftheprogram?A．ToprovideHSKtraining. B．Tosupportpre-collegestudies.C．ToofferChinesedegreecourses. D．TodevelopChineselanguagecapability.2．Whatmustanapplicantsubmit?A．Collegeeducationqualifications. B．Aself-introductioninChinese.C．Originalpassport. D．AcopyofHSKReport.3．Whatisthetotalcostofaone-semestergeneralcourse?A．RMB8,900. B．RMB9,720. C．RMB14,620. D．RMB17,320.BAsanartistworkingatCambridgeUniversityBotanicGarden,Iamleadingaspecial14-monthprojectcalledDYE.Mymissionistodiscoverplant-baseddyes(染料)andsharethemwithvisitors,researchersandartiststhroughevents,performances,acolourdatabaseandprojectslinkedtotheGarden’splantcollections.Therearesome8,000plantspeciesintheGarden.Guidedbymedievalrecipes,Iexperimentwithberries,flowers,andbark(树皮)touncovercolourshiddeninnature.Forexample,I’vetransformedrosesintovividreddyesandturnedJadeVineintopinkpaint.Oneofmyproudestachievementsiscreating“Newton’sGold”—agolden-yellowinkmadefromthebarkofIsaacNewton’shistoricappletree.IthoughtI’dendupwithblackbutit’sadarkgoldenyellow—unlikemodernmethodsthatchemicallyforcepredictableresults.Thesediscoveriesremindmethatnatureholdsendlesssurprises,buttheydemandpatienceandrespect.Myworkisn’tjustaboutmixingcolours—it’saboutstorytelling.Collaborationswithhistoriansanddancersconnectmydyestobroaderthemes.Idyedfeathersforhistorianstostudyancientcostumesandcreatedfabricsreflectingnature’scyclesforadanceperformance.Byrevivingforgottentechniques,suchasa15th-centuryinkrecipe,Ibridgethepastandpresent,showinghowancientmethodscaninspiresustainablesolutionstotoday’senvironmentalissues.Nature’scoloursareever-changing.Thefadingofdyesrevealsthetemporarybeautyofnaturalmaterials,justasecosystems’delicatebalancewhichdemandsprotection.IntheBotanicGarden,coloursfromplantsandeverydaymaterialsteachmetoacceptchange.Thesecoloursaren’tjustartsupplies;theysymbolizenature’sstrengthandremindustorethinkourrelationshipwiththeenvironment.Throughworkshopsandacolourdatabase,Iinvitepeopletoviewnaturedifferently.Myworkisareturntotheoldwaysofmakingcolourfrommygardenherbs,establishingadeeperconnectionbetweenartandnature.4．WhatdoestheauthordoontheDYEproject?A．Organizeandguidegardentours.B．Collectandclassifyplantspecies.C．Designandrunadatabaseofartworks.D．Developandspreadplant-baseddyes.5．Whyis“Newton’sGold”inksignificant?A．IthonorsNewton’sgreatcontributions.B．Itshowsnature’sunpredictablepotentials.C．Itlinksappletreestoscientificinspirations.D．Itexposeslimitationsofmoderninkproduction.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reviving”meaninparagraph3?A．Bringingback. B．Puttingaway.C．Searchingfor. D．Reflectingon.7．WhatistheultimategoaloftheDYEproject?A．Toimprovenaturaldyestability.B．Toprotectnature’secologicalbalance.C．Tostrengthensustainableart-naturebonds.D．Tobridgenatureandartthroughgardening.COnahotsummerafternoon,achildeagerlywatchedastheirgrandmotherslicedasun-ripenedtomatotoppedwithsugar—arefreshingsummertreat.Thesandy,sweet-sourjuicewithmeltedsugaralwaysmadeonelickplatesclean.Decadeslater,thatsamechild,nowanadult,findsdisappointedlysupermarkettomatoesfirmtothetouch,paleincolour,andtotallylackingintherichflavor.Beyondamerelossinourchildhoodmemory,theshiftisameasurabledeclinerootedinthefarmingchangesandmodernneeds.Thedeclineinmoderntomatoflavorresultsfromdisturbedsugar-acidbalance.Traditionalvarietieshadhighersugarlevelsbalancedwithmoderateacidity.ArecentstudybyShanghaiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences(SAAS)showsalarmingtrends:pinktomatoeslostover26%sugar-acidratio,whileredtypesdropped22%,coupledwithrisingorganicacids.Thisimbalancecreatessour-dominatedflavorswithweakenedsweetness.Thesituationismadeworsebythelossofspecialtastecomponents.Theseelementsworktogethertocreatearichflavor.Theycanmakeourbrainsensemoresweetnessevenwhenthesugarlevelstaysthesame.However,inmodernfarming,peoplehaveaccidentallyremovedthegenes(基因)forthesetastecomponentswhilefocusingonhigheroutputanddiseaseresistance.Commercialpressuresalsoplayarole.Foreasiershipping,tomatoesareharvestedbeforetheyarematureandsubjectedtocoldstorage.Thesepracticesunintentionallyaffecthowflavor-givingchemicalsarereleased,leavingtomatoesstructurallyundamagedbutflavorless.Hope,however,liesinthegenepooloftraditionalandwildtomatovarieties.A2019comprehensivestudyongenes,analyzingover700tomatotypes,identified4,873previouslyundocumentedgenes,includingraregeneticvariationsthatimproveflavors.Byreintroducingthese“lost”geneticelementsthroughscientificmethods,scientistsaimtobalancemarketabilityandtastequality.Thechallengeremainscomplex,yetthesolutionisclear：torediscovertheflavorsinourchildhoodmemory,wemustfirstunderstandthegeneticcodes(密码)leftbehindinthedriveforprogress.8．Whydoestheauthormentionthetomatoexperienceinparagraph1?A．Toexplainthehealthbenefitsoffreshtomatoes.B．Toshowthechangeintomatoflavorovertime.C．Tohighlightthesignificanceofafamilytradition.D．Toillustratethedisappearanceofasummerdelight.9．WhatdoesSAAS’srecentstudyfind?A．Highersugarlevelsinmoderntomatoes.B．Moreorganicacidsintraditionaltomatoes.C．Thelossofsweet-sourbalanceintomatoes.D．Tastedifferencebetweenpinkandredtomatoes.10．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Theadvantagesofgeneselections.B．Therolescommercialpracticesplay.C．Thechallengestomatofarmingfaces.D．Thereasonsbehindless-flavoredtomatoes.11．Whichisapotentialsolutiontothecoreproblemdiscussedinthetext?A．Discoveringhighlyproductivegenes. B．Analyzingdifferenttypesoftomatoes.C．Introducingdisease-resistantelements. D．Usingraregenesinwildtomatovarieties.DNewresearchrevealsthat“intensivedomain-specifictraining”likemathematicsfundamentallyreshapesbrainactivityduringcomplexproblemsolving,offeringinsightsintothecognitiveneuroscience(认知神经科学)ofconcentration.AstudypublishedinCognitiveNeurosciencecomparedgraduatestudentsinmath-relatedfieldswithpeersinnon-mathematicalfieldstoinvestigatehowlong-termspecializedpracticeinfluencesthinkingprocesses.Participantswatchedvideodemonstrationsofmulti-stepmathematicalproblemswhilewearingbrain-wave-monitoringcapstotrackbrainactivity.Thestudyfoundcleardifferences:non-mathstudents’frontbrainareas(linkedtomemoryandfocus)workedharderastheystruggledtofollowlogicalsteps.Incontrast,math-intensivestudentsdisplayedsynchronized(同步的)slowbrainwavesconnectingthefrontalandupper-backbrainareas,whichareresponsibleforabstractreasoningandspatialprocessing.Theseslowbrainrhythms,typicallyobservedduringdeepsleep,appearedtofacilitateefficientcommunicationbetweendistantneuralnetworksduringintensefocus.Thesefindingsindicatethatrepeatedexposuretocomplexproblemsolvingallowsmath-trainedstudentstoautomatebasiclogicalsteps(e.g.formulaapplication),whichsavesmentalenergyforcomplexanalysis.This“neuralefficiency”—thebrain’sadaptabilitythroughtraining—mirrorspatternsinotherexperts:experiencedmusicians’brainsshowsimilarslowwaveswhencomposingandathletesentersimilar“flowstates”duringcompetitions.Mostimportantly,researchersconfirmsuchneuralefficiencyisn’tinbornbutdevelopsthroughdeliberatepractice.StudentswithequalIQsbutlessmathtraininglackedthesedistinctivewavepatterns.However,thosewhoengagedinrepetitionandintentionalstudyeventuallydevelopedsuchpatterns,becomingmoreefficientinsolvingproblems.Bythesamelogic,thesefindingshintatatrade-offthatpeopleshouldkeepinmindparticularlyasartificialintelligence(AI)andothertoolsoffertemptingshortcutsforvariousformsofproblemsolving.Dr.ElenaTorres,leadresearcherofthestudy,furtherwarnsthatover-relianceonAImightweakenourbrain’snaturalproblem-solvingabilities.“Eachtimeweoff-loadaproblemtoacalculatororaskAItosummarizeanessay,wearelosinganopportunitytoimproveourownskillsandpractisedeepconcentrationforourselves.”Torresurges“astrategicbalance—useAIforrepetitivelabor,thankstoitsfastdataprocessingandcontinuousoperation,butreservecomplexchallengesfordeep,tech-freefocus.”12．Whatwasthemainpurposeofthenewresearch?A．Tostudyhowspecializedtrainingaffectsbrains.B．ToinvestigatehowAItoolsinfluencelearning.C．Tocomparebrainactivityamongmathexperts.D．TomeasureIQlevelsacrossdifferentspecialists.13．Howdidnon-mathstudents’brainsdifferfromthoseofmathstudentsincomplexproblemsolving?A．Theirfront-toppartsworkedtogether.B．Theyshowedrandomsleep-likewaves.C．Theirfrontareaworkedwithextraeffort.D．Theyprocessedinformationautomatically.14．Whatiscrucialtodeveloping“neuralefficiency”accordingtothetext?A．Long-termfocusedpractice.B．Inbornabstractreasoningtalent.C．Randomexposuretocomplexproblems.D．Trainingonmemorizingbasiclogicalsteps.15．WhatdoDr.ElenaTorres’quoteshighlightinthelastparagraph?A．AItoolslimitindependentlearningopportunities.B．Technologyimprovesefficiencyincomplextasks.C．Overusingshortcutsharmscognitivedevelopment.D．AItoolsreducemotivationfordeepconcentration.第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoueverthoughtthattakingshortbreaksduringawalkcouldactuallyhelpyouburnmorecalories?Scientistshavediscoveredthatshortburstsofactivitycanburnmoreenergythancontinuousexercise.Forexample,severalgroupsofquickwalksorstairclimbsforjust10to30secondsuse20%to60%moreenergythanwalkingnonstopforthesamedistance.16Similartoacarusingmorefuelwhenstartingajourney,ourbodyworksharderatthebeginningofanymovement.Thisisbecauseitneedstowarmupourmusclesandgetintoarhythm.Theseshortburstsofactivitymightnotlastlong,buttheyrequirealotofenergy.17Assomeonewhositsmostoftheday,Iusedtothinkexercisemeanthoursatthegym.ButwhenItriedreplacingmyafternooncoffeebreakswiththree90-secondstairclimbs,somethingsurprisinghappened.18Mybodyadjustedtotheactivity,andwhatoncefeltlikeastrugglegraduallyturnedintoamanageableroutine.Asthishappened,Iunexpectedlyfeltmorefocusedandenergizedthroughouttheday.These“exercisesnacks”fitwellintomybusyschedule,provingthatworkingoutdoesn’trequirelargeblocksoftime.19Everystairclimborshortwalkwakesupthebody.Healthisn’tbuiltinadayatthegym—it’smadethroughsmall,consistentactions.Simplyreplaceoneofyourusualsittingbreakswithjustasingleminuteofwalking,andyou’llbeamazedathowsmallactionscanreshapeyourphysicalvitality.20A．NowIseefitnessdifferently.B．Everystepcounts,nomatterhowshortitis!C．Thisfindingmatchesperfectlywithmyownexperience.D．Thishappensbecausethebodyneedsextraenergytostartmoving.E．Actually,shortexercisebreakscanincreaseyourenergyconsumption.F．Atfirst,even20secondsleftmebreathless,butovertime,itbecameeasier.G．Themoretimeandeffortyouputintoexercise,themorecaloriesyouwillburn.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Lastspring,ClaraandIteamedupforaschoolgeologyprojectstudyingunusualrockformationsonPineHill.withnotebooksandbasictools,wesetoffeagerly,thatthisadventurewouldteachusmorethanjustaboutrocks.Thefirsttwodayswentsmoothly.Wedrewstonepatternsandrecordedcolourvariations.Clara’sartisticabilitieswellwithmysystematicdatacollectionskills.However,onWednesdaymorning,struck.Whileclimbingtoourusualobservationspot,Itripped,sendingourmeasurementrollingdownthehillside.Myheartsankaswewatchedouronlycompass(指南针)disappearintothickbushes.“Withoutthosetools...”Isaid,frustrationchokingmyvoice.“Wait,”Clarainterrupted,theafternoonshadowsstretchingacrosstherocks.“RememberwhatMr.Evanstaughtaboutusingnaturalmarkers?”Hereyeslitupwitha(n).WespenttheafternoonClaratrackedshadowlengthswhileIcomparedrocklayers.Whenshadowsproved,weusedfern(蕨类植物)growthpatternsasdirectionalguides.Sometimeswearguedaboutmethods,butourapproachescametogetherlikebuildingblocks.ByFriday,we’dcreateda(n)mappingsystemusingnature’sclues.Ourfinalpresentationsurprisedeveryone.Theteachersourcreativemethod,buttherealrewardwasdiscoveringhowdifferentideascombinedtocreate.Thatevening,Clarashowedmeherprojectjournal.Besiderocksketches,she’dwritten:“Stonessurvivestormsthrough.Sodogoodteams.”Ismiled,realizingourrockychallengehadtaughtusavaluablelesson:thestrongestdoesn’tlieinmountains,butinteamwork.21．A．Armed B．Burdened C．Linked D．Rewarded22．A．proud B．doubtful C．unaware D．worried23．A．developed B．balanced C．replaced D．competed24．A．conflict B．disaster C．chance D．inspiration25．A．ropes B．books C．notes D．tools26．A．pointingat B．markingdown C．runningafter D．blockingout27．A．idea B．surprise C．secret D．promise28．A．reflecting B．experimenting C．planning D．wandering29．A．helpful B．dangerous C．unreliable D．interesting30．A．suddenly B．occasionally C．frequently D．gradually31．A．interactive B．imaginary C．alternative D．advanced32．A．tested B．improved C．selected D．praised33．A．connections B．stories C．solutions D．presentations34．A．luck B．unity C．silence D．speed35．A．foundation B．argument C．desire D．system第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Oncealittle-knowndishfromChina’snorthwest,Lanzhoubeefnoodlesoupisnowwinningheartsglobally.Arecentarticledescribes36thissurprisinglysimplemealhasbecomepopularin37(city)likeNewYork,London,andSydney.Appealingonlinephotosandvideosofthedishstimulatelocalpeople’sappetiteandarousetheircuriosity,drivingthemtogive38atry.Dinersappreciatebothitstasteandtheexperienceitoffers.InaManhattaneatery,cooksstretchdough(面团)intonoodlesright39customerseyes.“It’slikemagic,”saidonediner.Dinersarealsoamazedbytheuniqueand40(impressive)chewytextureofLanzhounoodles,whichoffersadistinctmouthfeelunlikeanyother.Thesoup,41(cook)forhourswithbeefbonesandspices,hasarichflavor.InQueens,arestaurantpreparesaversion42respectsthedishes’culturalrootsandcombines20spicestoproduceaheartysoup.Theownerevenvideo-callshergrandparentsinChinaforrecipes.InFlushing,theownerofanoodleshopadaptsthesoupbasedoncustomerfeedback,makingitthickerandspicier43(suit)localpreferences.AsfoodexpertC.Doylenotes,“There’snosingle‘correct’version—itkeepsevolving.”Fromstreetfoodtoglobalstar,Lanzhoubeefnoodlesoupshowsthatsharingfood44(bridge)culturaldifferences,witheachbowl45(tell)astoryoftradition,creativity,andthedelightofflavordiscovery.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46．假定你是李华。毕业在即，你班计划向母校赠送一份礼物。请你给英国朋友David写一封邮件，分享你们的设想，并咨询他的建议。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearDavid,I’mwritingtoshareaplanwithyou._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。MikewasthemonitorofClassASenior3,andhewasaverypopularstudentamonghisteachersandclassmates.Hewasalwaysfullofcreativeideas.Once,whentheEnglishteacheraskedtheclasstomakeapresentationonatopicthatallstudentsfoundabitboring,Mikecameupwithafunidea.Hesuggestedturningthepresentationintoashortplay.Eventually,heandhisclassmatesactedoutthekeypointsofthetopic,andeveryonewasinterestedinit.TheteacherwasverysurprisedandpraisedMikeforhiscreativity.Mikewasalsoaveryhelpfulperson.Lastterm,hisclassmateTomfellillandhadtostayathomeforaweek.MikevoluntarilywenttoTom’shouseafterschooleverydaytohelphimwithhishomework.FollowingFeynman’sfamouslearningapproach,hetriedhisbesttoexplainthelessonstoTominhisownwords,withpatienceandclarity.Asaresult,Tomwasabletocatchupwiththeclass.WhenTomandhisparentsexpressedtheirthanks,Mikesmiledandsaid,“Weallneedtolookoutforeachother.HelpingTomishelpingmyselftoo.”Asthefinalexamwasapproaching,Mike’sheadteacherMrs.Blakegavehimachallengingtask.SheaskedMiketoleadtheclasscommitteetoorganizeaspecialclassmeeting.Mikeknewthatthestudentswereallbusypreparingfortheexam,andtheymightnotbeinterested.Hethoughthard,butnothingthatcametomindseemedtomeethisexpectations.Hethendecidedtoseekadvicefromhisclassmatesandaskedthemwhattheywouldliketodointheclassmeeting.Somesaidtheyactuallypreferredtoreviewthelessons,andothersexpressedtheirwishestorelax.“Can’tweplaysomegames?”Susansaidjokingly.Mikelistenedattentivelytoeveryoneandbegantoconsiderhowtosatisfytheirneeds.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Finally,Mikehadacleverideafortheclasscommitteetodiscuss._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Whenthemeetingstarted,thewholeclasswasveryhappywithitsarrangements._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页1．D2．B3．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了学院2025-2026非学位中文课程项目。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“InordertohelpinternationalstudentsimproveChineseproficiency(水平)andbetterunderstandChineseculture,ourcollegeislaunchingthe2025-2026nondegreeChinesecourseprogram.(为了帮助国际学生提高中文水平并更好地了解中国文化，我们学院正在推出2025-2026非学位中文课程项目)”可知，该项目的目的是培养学生的中文能力。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据APPLICATIONDOCUMENTS部分中“Aprofile(personalinformation,educationalexperiences,etc.)inChinese(一份中文的个人简介(个人信息、教育经历等))”可知，申请者必须提交一份中文的个人简介，也就是中文的自我介绍。故选B项。3．细节理解题。根据FEES部分中“Registration:420yuan；Insurance:400yuan/semester(注册费：420元；保险费：每学期400元)”和Tuition表格中“Generalcourses

OnesemesterRMB8,900(学费：普通课程一学期8900元)”可知，一学期普通课程的总费用为420+400+8900=9720元。故选B项。4．D5．B6．A7．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述作者在剑桥大学植物园开展DYE项目，探索和传播植物染料。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mymissionistodiscoverplant-baseddyes(染料)andsharethemwithvisitors,researchersandartiststhroughevents,performances,acolourdatabaseandprojectslinkedtotheGarden’splantcollections.(我的任务是发现植物染料，并通过活动、表演、一个颜色数据库以及与植物园植物收藏相关的项目，与游客、研究人员和艺术家分享这些染料。)”可知，作者在DYE项目中开发并传播基于植物的染料。故选D。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Oneofmyproudestachievementsiscreating“Newton’sGold”—agolden-yellowinkmadefromthebarkofIsaacNewton’shistoricappletree.IthoughtI’dendupwithblackbutit’sadarkgoldenyellow—unlikemodernmethodsthatchemicallyforcepredictableresults.Thesediscoveriesremindmethatnatureholdsendlesssurprises,buttheydemandpatienceandrespect.(我最引以为豪的成就之一是创造了“牛顿金”——一种由艾萨克・牛顿那棵具有历史意义的苹果树的树皮制成的金黄色墨水。我原以为最后会得到黑色，但它却是深金黄色——这与现代方法不同，现代方法通过化学手段强制得出可预测的结果。这些发现提醒我，大自然蕴藏着无尽的惊喜，但它们需要耐心和尊重。)”可知，“牛顿金”墨水意义重大是因为它展示了大自然不可预测的潜力。故选B。6．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Byrevivingforgottentechniques,suchasa15th-centuryinkrecipe,Ibridgethepastandpresent,showinghowancientmethodscaninspiresustainablesolutionstotoday’senvironmentalissues.(通过reviving那些被遗忘的技艺，比如一种15世纪的墨水制作配方，我架起了连接过去与现在的桥梁，展示了古老的方法是如何能够为当今的环境问题带来可持续的解决方案的。)”可知，作者通过“恢复”被遗忘的技术，连接过去和现在，所以reviving意思是“恢复，使……重新流行”，与Bringingback意思相近。故选A。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Throughworkshopsandacolourdatabase,Iinvitepeopletoviewnaturedifferently.Myworkisareturntotheoldwaysofmakingcolourfrommygardenherbs,establishingadeeperconnectionbetweenartandnature.(通过工作室和一个颜色数据库，我邀请人们以不同的方式看待自然。我的工作是回归到用我花园里的药草制作颜色的古老方式，在艺术和自然之间建立更深刻的联系。)”可推断，DYE项目的最终目标是加强可持续的艺术与自然的联系。故选C。8．B9．C10．D11．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了现代番茄风味下降的原因，包括糖酸平衡被打破、特殊风味成分的丧失，以及现代种植和储存方式对番茄风味的影响。8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Onahotsummerafternoon,achildeagerlywatchedastheirgrandmotherslicedasun-ripenedtomatotoppedwithsugar—arefreshingsummertreat.Thesandy,sweet-sourjuicewithmeltedsugaralwaysmadeonelickplatesclean.Decadeslater,thatsamechild,nowanadult,findsdisappointedlysupermarkettomatoesfirmtothetouch,paleincolour,andtotallylackingintherichflavor.Beyondamerelossinourchildhoodmemory,theshiftisameasurabledeclinerootedinthefarmingchangesandmodernneeds.(在一个炎热的夏日午后，一个孩子眼巴巴地看着祖母切开一颗在阳光下成熟的西红柿，上面还撒了些糖——这可是夏日里令人神清气爽的美味。那带着沙粒感、酸甜可口且混着融化的糖的汁水，总是让人把盘子舔得干干净净。几十年后，当年的那个孩子如今已长大成人，却失望地发现超市里的西红柿摸起来硬邦邦的，颜色苍白，而且完全没有那种浓郁的味道。这可不只是我们童年记忆的缺失，这种变化背后是源于农业生产的变革和现代需求的可衡量的品质下降。)”可知，第一段先描述了小时候吃的西红柿的美味，接着对比了长大后在超市看到的西红柿，最后指出这种变化。由此可知，作者在第一段提到西红柿的经历是为了展示随着时间推移西红柿味道的变化。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ArecentstudybyShanghaiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences(SAAS)showsalarmingtrends:pinktomatoeslostover26%sugar-acidratio,whileredtypesdropped22%,coupledwithrisingorganicacids.Thisimbalancecreatessour-dominatedflavorswithweakenedsweetness.(上海农业科学院最近的一项研究显示出了令人担忧的趋势：粉色西红柿的糖酸比下降了超过26%，而红色西红柿的糖酸比下降了22%，同时有机酸含量却在上升。这种失衡导致了以酸味为主、甜味减弱的口感。)”可知，上海农业科学院的研究显示粉色西红柿的糖酸比下降超过26%，红色西红柿下降22%，且有机酸含量上升，这种失衡导致以酸味为主、甜味减弱的口感，即西红柿失去了原本的酸甜平衡。故选C。10．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Thesituationismadeworsebythelossofspecialtastecomponents.Theseelementsworktogethertocreatearichflavor.Theycanmakeourbrainsensemoresweetnessevenwhenthesugarlevelstaysthesame.However,inmodernfarming,peoplehaveaccidentallyremovedthegenes(基因)forthesetastecomponentswhilefocusingonhigheroutputanddiseaseresistance.Commercialpressuresalsoplayarole.Foreasiershipping,tomatoesareharvestedbeforetheyarematureandsubjectedtocoldstorage.Thesepracticesunintentionallyaffecthowflavor-givingchemicalsarereleased,leavingtomatoesstructurallyundamagedbutflavorless.(特殊风味成分的缺失让情况变得更糟。这些成分共同作用，营造出了丰富的风味。它们甚至能在糖分水平不变的情况下，让我们的大脑感觉到更多的甜味。然而，在现代的农业种植中，人们在追求更高产量和更强抗病性的同时，不经意间去除了决定这些风味成分的基因。商业压力也起到了一定作用。为了便于运输，西红柿在还未成熟时就被采摘下来，然后进行冷藏。这些做法在无意中影响了产生风味的化学物质的释放，使得西红柿虽然在外观结构上没有受损，但却没了味道。)”可知，第三段首句指出特殊风味成分的缺失让情况更糟，接着解释了这些成分对风味的作用以及现代种植中因追求产量和抗病性而无意中去除了相关基因；随后提到商业压力下的采摘和储存方式也影响了西红柿风味化学物质的释放，导致西红柿没味道。所以整段主要是在阐述现代西红柿味道变差的原因。故选D。11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“A2019comprehensivestudyongenes,analyzingover700tomatotypes,identified4,873previouslyundocumentedgenes,includingraregeneticvariationsthatimproveflavors.Byreintroducingthese“lost”geneticelementsthroughscientificmethods,scientistsaimtobalancemarketabilityandtastequality.(2019年一项关于基因的全面研究，分析了700多种西红柿品种，发现了4873个此前未被记录的基因，其中包括能提升风味的罕见遗传变异。通过科学的方法重新引入这些“失传”的遗传元素，科学家们的目标是在可销售性和口感品质之间找到平衡。)”可知，2019年的基因研究发现了包括能提升风味的罕见遗传变异在内的未记录基因，通过科学方法重新引入这些“失传”的遗传元素，有望平衡西红柿的可销售性和口感质量，即利用野生西红柿品种中的罕见基因是潜在解决方案。故选D。12．A13．C14．A15．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新的研究揭示“特定领域的强化训练”（如数学）如何从根本上重塑大脑在解决复杂问题时的活动，提供了对集中注意力的认知神经科学的见解。12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“AstudypublishedinCognitiveNeurosciencecomparedgraduatestudentsinmath-relatedfieldswithpeersinnon-mathematical