运输类飞机适航标准

中国民用航空总局

民航总局令第100号

运输类飞机适航标准

（1985年月12月31日制定1990年7月18日第一次修订

1995年12月18日第二次修订2001年5月14日第三次修订）

CCAR-25-R3

中国民用航空规章

第25部

运输类飞机适航标准

CCAR-25-R3

1985年月12月31日制定1990年7月18日第一次修订

1995年12月18日第二次修订2001年5月14日第三次修订

中国民航总局令第100号

中国民用航空规章

第25部

运输类飞机适航标准

总目录

A分部总则

§25.1适用范围.........................................................................(1)

§25.2［备用］...........................................................................⑴

B分部飞行

总则

§25.21证明符合性的若干规定.............................................................(2)

§25.23载重分布限制......................................................................(2)

§25.25重量限制..........................................................................(2)

§25.27重心限制..........................................................................(2)

§25.29空重和相应的重心..................................................................(2)

§25.31可卸配重..........................................................................(2)

§25.33螺旋桨转速和桨距限制.............................................................(3)

性能

§25.101总则..............................................................................(3)

§25.103失速速度.........................................................................(5)

§25.105起飞..............................................................................(5)

§25.107起飞速度.........................................................................(5)

§25.109加速一停止距离...................................................................(6)

§25.111起飞航迹.........................................................................(8)

§25.113起飞距离和起飞滑跑距离..........................................................(9)

§25.115起飞飞行航迹.....................................................................(9)

§25.117爬升：总则.......................................................................(10)

§25.119着陆爬升：全发工作..............................................................(10)

§25.121爬升：单发停车...................................................................(10)

§25.123航路飞行航迹....................................................................(10)

§25.125着陆.............................................................................(11)

操纵性和机动性

§25.143总则.............................................................................(11)

§25.145纵向操纵........................................................................(12)

§25.147航向和横向操纵.................................................................(13)

§25.149最小操纵速度...................................................................(14)

配平

§25.161配平.............................................................................(15)

稳定性

§25.171总则.............................................................................(16)

§25.173纵向静稳定性....................................................................(16)

§25.175纵向静稳定性的演示.............................................................(16)

§25.177横向和航向静稳定性.............................................................(17)

§25.181动稳定性........................................................................(17)

失速

§25.201失速演示........................................................................(18)

§25.203失速特性........................................................................(18)

§25.205［删除］..........................................................................(18)

§25.207失速警告........................................................................(19)

地面和水面操纵特性

§25.231纵向稳定性和操纵性.............................................................(19)

§25.233航向稳定性和操纵性.............................................................(19)

§25.235滑行条件........................................................................(19)

§25.237风速.............................................................................(19)

§25.239水面喷溅特性、操纵性和稳定性....................................................(19)

其它飞行要求

§25.251振动和抖振......................................................................(20)

§25.253高速特性........................................................................(20)

§25.255失配平特性......................................................................(21)

C分部结构

总则

§25.301载荷............................................................................(22)

§25.303安全系数........................................................................(22)

§25.305强度和变形......................................................................(22)

§25.307结构符合性的证明................................................................(22)

—11—

飞行载荷

§25.321总则............................................................................(23)

飞行机动和突风情况

§25.331对称机动情况....................................................................(23)

§25.333飞行包线........................................................................(24)

§25.335设计空速........................................................................(24)

§25.337限制机动载荷系数................................................................(26)

§25.341突风和紊流载荷..................................................................(26)

§25.343设计燃油和滑油载重.............................................................(27)

§25.345增升装置........................................................................(27)

§25.349滚转情况........................................................................(28)

§25.351偏航机动情况....................................................................(28)

补充情况

§25.361发动机扭矩......................................................................(28)

§25.363发动机和辅助动力装置支架的侧向载荷............................................(29)

§25.365增压舱载荷......................................................................(29)

§25.367发动机失效引起的非对称载荷.....................................................(30)

§25.371陀螺载荷........................................................................(30)

§25.373速度控制装置....................................................................(30)

操纵面和操纵系统载荷

§25.391操纵面载荷：总则................................................................(30)

§25.393平行于钱链线的载荷.............................................................(31)

§25.395操纵系统........................................................................(31)

§25.397操纵系统载荷....................................................................(31)

§25.399双操纵系统......................................................................(32)

§25.405次操纵系统......................................................................(32)

§25.407配平调整片的影响................................................................(32)

§25.409调整片..........................................................................(32)

§25.415地面突风情况...................................................................(32)

§25.427非对称载荷......................................................................(33)

§25.445辅助气动力面....................................................................(33)

§25.457襟翼............................................................................(34)

§25.459特殊装置........................................................................(34)

地面载荷

§25.471总则............................................................................(34)

§25.473着陆载荷情况和假定.............................................................(34)

—iii—

§25.477起落架布置......................................................................(35)

§25.479水平着陆情况....................................................................(35)

§25.481尾沉着陆情况....................................................................(35)

§25.483单起落架着陆情况................................................................(35)

§25.485侧向载荷情况....................................................................(36)

§25.487回跳着陆情况....................................................................(36)

§25.489地面操纵情况....................................................................(36)

§25.491滑行、起飞和着陆滑跑...........................................................(36)

§25.493滑行刹车情况....................................................................(36)

§25.495转弯............................................................................(37)

§25.497尾轮侧偏........................................................................(37)

§25.499前轮侧偏与操纵..................................................................(37)

§25.503回转............................................................................(38)

§25.507倒行刹车........................................................................(38)

§25.509牵引载荷........................................................................(38)

§25.511地面载荷：多轮起落架装置上的非对称载荷........................................(39)

§25.519顶升和系留装置..................................................................(40)

水载荷

§25.521总则............................................................................(40)

§25.523设计重量和重心位置.............................................................(40)

§25.525载荷的假定......................................................................(40)

§25.527船体和主浮筒载荷系数...........................................................(41)

§25.529船体和主浮筒着水情况...........................................................(41)

§25.531船体和主浮筒起飞情况...........................................................(42)

§25.533船体和主浮筒底部压力...........................................................(42)

§25.535辅助浮筒载荷....................................................................(43)

§25.537水翼载荷........................................................................(44)

应急着陆情况

§25.561总则............................................................................(44)

§25.562应急着陆动力要求................................................................(44)

§25.563水上迫降的结构要求.............................................................(45)

疲劳评定

§25.571结构的损伤容限和疲劳评定......................................................(45)

闪电防护

§25.581闪电防护........................................................................(47)

D分部设计与结构

总则

§25.601总则............................................................................(48)

§25.603材料............................................................................(48)

§25.605制造方法........................................................................(48)

§25.607紧固件..........................................................................(48)

§25.609结构保护........................................................................(48)

§25.611可达性措施......................................................................(48)

§25.613材料的强度性能和设计值.........................................................(48)

§25.615［删除］..........................................................................(49)

§25.619特殊系数........................................................................(49)

§25.621铸件系数........................................................................(49)

§25.623支承系数........................................................................(50)

§25.625接头系数........................................................................(50)

§25.629气动弹性稳定性要求.............................................................(50)

§25.631鸟撞损伤........................................................................(51)

操纵面

§25.651强度符合性的证明................................................................(51)

§25.655安装............................................................................(51)

§25.657锐链............................................................................(52)

操纵系统

§25.671总则.............................................................................(52)

§25.672增稳系统及自动和带动力的操纵系统..............................................(52)

§25.673［删除］...........................................................................(53)

§25.675止动器...........................................................................(53)

§25.677配平系统........................................................................(53)

§25.679操纵系统突风锁..................................................................(53)

§25.681限制载荷静力试验................................................................(53)

§25.683操作试验........................................................................(53)

§25.685操纵系统的细节设计.............................................................(53)

§25.689钢索系统........................................................................(54)

§25.693关节接头........................................................................(54)

§25.697升力和阻力装置及其操纵器件.....................................................(54)

§25.699升力和阻力装置指示器...........................................................(54)

§25.701襟翼与缝翼的交连................................................................(54)

§25.703起飞警告系统....................................................................(55)

起落架

§25.721总则............................................................................(55)

§25.723减震试验........................................................................(55)

§25.725限制落震试验....................................................................(56)

§25.727储备能量吸收落震试验...........................................................(56)

§25.729收放机构........................................................................(56)

§25.731机轮............................................................................(57)

§25.733轮胎............................................................................(57)

§25.735刹车............................................................................(58)

§25.737滑橇............................................................................(59)

浮筒和船体

§25.751主浮筒浮力.....................................................................(59)

§25.753主浮筒设计.....................................................................(60)

§25.755船体............................................................................(60)

载人和装货设施

§25.771驾驶舱..........................................................................(60)

§25.772驾驶舱舱门......................................................................(60)

§25.773驾驶舱视界......................................................................(60)

§25.775风挡和窗户......................................................................(61)

§25.777驾驶舱操纵器件..................................................................(61)

§25.779驾驶舱操纵器件的动作和效果.....................................................(61)

§25.781驾驶舱操纵手柄形状.............................................................(62)

§25.783舱门............................................................................(62)

§25.785座椅、卧铺、安全带和肩带........................................................(63)

§25.787储存舱..........................................................................(64)

§25.789客舱和机组舱以及厨房中物件的固定..............................................(64)

§25.791旅客通告标示和标牌.............................................................(65)

§25.793地板表面........................................................................(65)

应急设施

§25.801水上迫降........................................................................(65)

§25.803应急撤离........................................................................(65)

§25.805［删除］.........................................................................(66)

§25.807应急出口........................................................................(66)

§25.809应急出口的布置..................................................................(68)

§25.810应急撤离辅助设施与撤离路线.....................................................(68)

§25.811应急出口的标记..................................................................(69)

§25.812应急照明........................................................................(70)

§25.813应急出口通路....................................................................(72)

§25.815过道宽度........................................................................(73)

§25.817最大并排座椅数..................................................................(73)

§25.819下层服务舱(包括厨房).........................................................(73)

通风和加温

§25.831通风............................................................................(74)

§25.832座舱臭氧浓度....................................................................(75)

§25.833燃烧加温系统....................................................................(75)

增压

§25.841增压座舱........................................................................(75)

§25.843增压座舱的试验..................................................................(76)

防火

§25.851灭火器..........................................................................(76)

§25.853座舱内部设施....................................................................(77)

§25.854厕所防火........................................................................(77)

§25.855货舱和行李舱....................................................................(77)

§25.857货舱等级........................................................................(78)

§25.858货舱或行李舱烟雾或火警探测系统.................................................(79)

§25.859燃烧加温器的防火................................................................(79)

§25.863可燃液体的防火..................................................................(80)

§25.865飞行操纵系统、发动机架和其它飞行结构的防火....................................(80)

§25.867其它部件的防火..................................................................(80)

§25.869系统防火........................................................................(80)

其它

§25.871定飞机水平的设施................................................................(81)

§25.875螺旋桨附近区域的加强...........................................................(81)

E分部动力装置

总则

§25.901安装.............................................................................(82)

§25.903发动机...........................................................................(82)

§25.904起飞推力自动控制系统(ATTCS).................................................................................................(83)

§25.905螺旋桨...........................................................................(83)

§25.907螺旋桨振动......................................................................(83)

§25.925螺旋桨间距......................................................................(83)

§25.929螺旋桨除冰......................................................................(83)

§25.933反推力系统......................................................................(84)

§25.934涡轮喷气发动机反推力装置系统试验..............................................(84)

§25.937涡轮螺旋桨阻力限制系统.........................................................(84)

§25.939涡轮发动机工作特性.............................................................(84)

——vii——

§25.941进气系统、发动机和排气系统的匹配性..............................................(84)

§25.943负加速度........................................................................(85)

§25.945推力或功率增大系统.............................................................(85)

燃油系统

§25.951总则............................................................................(85)

§25.952燃油系统分析和试验.............................................................(85)

§25.953燃油系统的独立性................................................................(86)

§25.954燃油系统的闪电防护.............................................................(86)

§25.955燃油流量........................................................................(86)

§25.957连通油箱之间的燃油流动.........................................................(86)

§25.959不可用燃油量....................................................................(86)

§25.961燃油系统在热气候条件下的工作...................................................(86)

§25.963燃油箱：总则....................................................................(87)

§25.965燃油箱试验......................................................................(87)

§25.967燃油箱安装......................................................................(88)

§25.969燃油箱的膨胀空间................................................................(88)

§25.971燃油箱沉淀槽....................................................................(88)

§25.973油箱加油口接头..................................................................(89)

§25.975燃油箱的通气和汽化器蒸气的排放.................................................(89)

§25.977燃油箱出油口....................................................................(89)

§25.979压力加油系统....................................................................(89)

§25.981燃油箱温度......................................................................(90)

燃油系统部件

§25.991燃油泵..........................................................................(90)

§25.993燃油系统导管和接头.............................................................(90)

§25.994燃油系统部件的防护.............................................................(90)

§25.995燃油阀..........................................................................(90)

§25.997燃油滤网或燃油滤................................................................(90)

§25.999燃油系统放液嘴..................................................................(91)

§25.1001应急放油系统...................................................................(91)

滑油系统

§25.1011总则............................................................................(92)

§25.1013滑油箱..........................................................................(92)

§25.1015滑油箱试验.....................................................................(92)

§25.1017滑油导管和接头.................................................................(92)

§25.1019滑油滤网或滑油滤...............................................................(93)

§25.1021滑油系统放油嘴.................................................................(93)

§25.1023滑油散热器.....................................................................(93)

§25.1025滑油阀..........................................................................(93)

—V111—

§25.1027螺旋桨顺桨系统.................................................................(93)

冷却

§25.1041总则...........................................................................(94)

§25.1043冷却试验.......................................................................