Unit 5 Using language 课后培优练（解析版）

.2UsingLanguage课后培优练一、单句语法填空。1．Hisdeparturewastotallyunexpectedand,________consequence,noplanshadbeenmadeforhisreplacement.【答案】in【解析】考查介词短语。句意：他的离开完全出乎意料，因此没有安排替补人选。inconsequence为固定短语，意为“因此，结果”，故填in。2．Groundwateralsocontains________(dissolve)carbondioxidefromtheairandfromtheexchangeofgasesinplantroots.【答案】dissolved【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地下水也含有溶解了的二氧化碳，这些二氧化碳是从空气和从植物根系的气体交换中获得的。分析句子可知，动词dissolve“（使）溶解”和所修饰的名词carbondioxide之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作前置定语。故填dissolved。3．Afterreadingthisbook,youwillhaveaninsatiableappetite________moreofherwork.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：读了这本书，你会对她的更多作品有无法满足的欲望。appetite常与介词for搭配，表示“……的欲望/喜爱”。故填for。4．Allthestudentssatintheclassroom,________(wait)fortheirnewteacher.【答案】waiting【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有的学生都坐在教室里，等候着他们的新老师。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，动词wait与其逻辑主语Allthestudents之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，要用现在分词。故空格处填waiting。Butterfliesfeed________asweetliquidproducedbyflowers,whichbeesandotherinsectsalsocollect.【答案】on【解析】考查动词短语。句意：蝴蝶以花朵产生的一种甜味液体为食，蜜蜂和其他昆虫也会采集这种液体。feedon为固定短语，意为“以……为食”。故填on。6．Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot________(tire)fromwork,Iwillspendsometimejoggingwithmydog.【答案】tired【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：每天晚上晚饭后，如果工作不累，我都会花时间带着我的狗去慢跑分析句子结构可知，ifnot______(tire)fromwork为省略后的条件状语从句，补充完整后是:ifIamnottiredfromwork，其中betiredfrom意为“因……而疲倦”，当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。故填tired。7．Duringthelastthreedecadesinthiscountry,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalexercise________(decrease)sharply.【答案】hasdecreased【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近30年来，这个国家参加体育锻炼的人数大幅度减少。分析句子可知，提示词decrease是句中谓语动词，由时间状语Duringthelastthreedecades可知，应用现在完成时态，“thenumberof+n.”作主语，谓语动词要用单数。故填hasdecreased。8．Chinaprovidesbetterservices________Africanpeoplebytrainingmedicalstaff,publichealthworkersandadministrativepersonnel.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：中国通过培训医务人员、公共卫生工作者和行政人员，为非洲人民提供更好的服务。根据固定搭配providesth.forsb.（向某人提供某物）可知，空格处填介词for。9．WithouttheInternet,I________(fail)togainalltheinformationIneedforthisproject.【答案】wouldfail【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有因特网，我就不能获取我做这个项目所需的所有信息。根据句意可知，此处表示对现在情况假设的虚拟语气，因此句子谓语用“would+动词原形”。故填wouldfail。10．You’dbettergiveupyournegativethoughtsbecausetheycangrowrapidlyandcausenothing________(improve)yourqualityoflife.【答案】toimprove【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你最好放弃消极的想法，因为它们会迅速滋长，对提高你的生活质量毫无帮助。分析句子结构可知improve在句中应用非谓语动词形式，代词nothing后跟动词不定式作后置定语，故填toimprove。三、选词填空（可变换形式，其中有两项是多余的）relyon,onbehalfof,name...after,resultin,breakdown,takein,beregardedas,preyon,inreturn,thanksto11．TheNASA’sKeplerspacecraft________theGermanastronomerJohannesKeplerandlaunchedin2009.12．Gettingthetwopartiestogetherwillhelpto________thebarriersbetweenthem.13．Youaresupposednotto________yourparentstohelpyousolvealltheproblems.14．SinceinorganicirondestroysvitaminE,thesetwonutrientsshouldnot________together.15．InancientChina,agolddragonontheemperor’sclothes________asymbolofpowerandposition.16．Hemadeaspeech________allthefacultyandstaffmembers.17．Hedevoteshimselftoprotectingthewildlifewithoutexpectinganything________.18．Competitioncanbehealthy,butifitispushedtooharditcan________envy.【答案】11．wasnamedafter12．breakdown13．relyon14．betakenin15．wasregardedas16．onbehalfof17．inreturn18．resultin【解析】11．考查被动语态。句意：美国宇航局的开普勒飞船以德国的宇航员约翰内斯开普勒命名，在2009年发射。结合下文中的launched分析句子结构可知，此处要使用一般现在时，name…after“以…命名”符合句意，而spacecraft和nameafter之间为被动关系，使用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案填wasnamedafter。12．考查动词短语。句意：把两个政党聚在一起将有助于打破他们之间的隔阂。根据短语helptodosth“帮助做某事”可知，设空处缺少动词短语，breakdown“打破”符合句意。故答案填breakdown。13．考查动词短语。句意：你不应该依靠你的父母来帮助你解决所有的问题。根据短语benotsupposedtodosth“不应该做某事”可知，设空处缺少动词短语，relyon“依靠，指望”符合句意。故答案填relyon。14．考查被动语态。句意：因为无机铁会破坏维生素，这两种营养成分不应该一起被摄入。根据情态动词后加动词原形可知，此处缺少动词短语，takein“摄入”符合句意，nutrients与takein之间为被动关系。故答案填betakenin。15．考查被动语态。句意：在古代中国，皇帝衣服上的金龙被视为权利和地位的象征。分析句子结构可知此处缺少谓语动词，陈述过去的事情要使用一般过去时，结合句意，regardas“视为”符合句意，dragon和regardas之间为被动关系，主语agoldendragon为可数名词单数，故答案填wasregardedas。16．考查介词短语。句意：他代表全院所有教职工进行了演讲。结合句意可知，onbehalfof“代表”符合句意。故答案填onbehalfof。17．考查介词短语。句意：他致力于保护野生动物，没有期待任何的回报。结合句意可知inreturn“回报”符合句意。故答案填inreturn。18．考查动词短语。句意：竞争是有益的，但是如果过于激烈可能会导致嫉妒。根据情态动词后加动词原形可知，设空处缺少动词短语，结合句意resultin“导致”符合句意。故答案填resultin。四、阅读理解Test1PhillisWheatleywasborninGambia(inAfrica)onMay8,1753anddiedinBostononDecember5,1784.Whenshewassevenoreight,shewassoldasaslavetoJohnandSusannaWheatleyofBoston.ShewasnamedaftertheshipthatbroughthertoAmerica,ThePhillis.Thefamilysupposedthegirl—whowas“sufferingfromachangeofclimate”,with“noothercoveringthanadirtycarpet”—tobe“aboutsevenyearsold...fromthecircumstancesofshedding(使脱落)herfrontteeth”.Philliswasveryintelligent.TheWheatleyfamilytaughthertoreadandwrite,andencouragedhertowritepoetry.HerfirstpoemOnMessrs.HusseyandCoffinwaspublishedwhenshewasonlytwelve.In1770,AnElegiacPoem,ontheDeathofThatCelebratedDivine,andEminentServantofJesusChrist,theReverendandLearnedGeorgeWhitefieldmadeherfamous.ItwaspublishedinBoston,Newport,andPhiladelphia.Whenshewaseighteen,PhillisandMrsWheatleytriedtosellacollectioncontainingtwenty-eightofPhillis’poems.Colonists(殖民者)didnotwanttobuypoetrywrittenbyanAfrican.MrsWheatleywrotetoEnglandtoaskCountess(女伯爵)ofHuntingdonforhelp.Thecountesswasawealthysupporteroftheabolition(废除)ofslavery.PhillishadPoemsonvarioussubjects,religiousandmoralpublishedinEnglandin1773.ThisbookmadePhillisfamousinEnglandandthethirteencolonies.ShewroteapoemforGeorgeWashingtonin1775,andhepraisedherwork.Theymetin1776.PhillissupportedindependenceforthecoloniesduringtheRevolutionaryWar.Afterhermasterdied,Philliswasfreed.ShemarriedJohnPeters,afreeblackman,in1778.Sheandherhusbandlosttwochildren.Johnwasputintoprisonfordebtin1784.PhillisandherremainingchilddiedinDecemberof1784andwereburiedinanunmarkedgrave.PhilliswasthefirstAfricanAmericanandthefirstslaveintheUnitedStatestopublishabook.ShewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoearnalivingfromherwriting.Phillis’poetryprovedtheabolitionists’ideathatblackscouldbeartisticandintellectual.Herachievementswereusedtosupportagrowingantislaverymovement.1．TheWheatleyfamilyguessedtheageofPhillisby______.A．herweight B．herclothesC．herskincolor D．theconditionofherteeth2．ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatCountessofHuntingdon______.A．livedonwritingpoemsB．helpedPhillisgetherwritingspublishedC．supportedindependenceforthecoloniesD．feltsurprisedthatPhilliscouldreadandwrite3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Philliswasonly18yearsoldwhenherfirstpoemwaspublished.B．Phillis’firstattemptatsellingherpoetryinAmericawasillegal.C．Phillis’husbandwasputintoprisonfordebtin1778.D．Phillisfinallybecamefreeafterhermasterdied.4．ThelastparagraphismainlyaboutPhillis’______.A．marriage B．achievementsC．sufferingsasaslave D．fightagainstslavery【答案】1．D2．B3．D4．B【解析】本文是记叙文，讲述了第一位出版诗集的美国黑人女诗人菲莉斯·惠特莉的故事。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...tobe‘aboutsevenyearsold...fromthecircumstancesofsheddingherfrontteeth.’（“从脱落门牙的情况来看，她大约七岁”。）”可知Wheatley一家是根据菲莉斯的牙齿状况看出她正是换牙的年龄，故选D项。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“ColonistsdidnotwanttobuypoetrywrittenbyanAfrican.MrsWheatleywrotetoEnglandtoaskCountessofHuntingdonforhelp...ThisbookmadePhillisfamousinEnglandandthethirteencolonies.（殖民者不想买非洲人写的诗。惠特利夫人写信给英国，请求亨廷顿伯爵夫人帮助。这本书使菲莉斯在英国和13个殖民地声名鹊起。）”可推断出，在CountessofHuntingdon的帮助下，菲莉斯出版了她的诗集。故选B项。3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Afterhermasterdied,Philliswasfreed.（她的主人死后，菲莉斯获得了自由。）”可知，菲莉斯最终获得自由是在主人去世后。故选D项。4．主旨大意题。最后一段围绕菲莉斯所取得的成就展开，她证明了黑人和白人一样也是有艺术美感的，也是聪明的。她的成功对废除奴隶制度产生了推动作用。故选B项。Test2Manyofusaredisgustedatspidersorafraidofthem.Wedon'tliketotouchthemorgonearthem,andifweseeoneinourhouse,we'dbetterwatchout.Butdoyouknowthataspider'snaturalcolormayinspireanewshadeofbluetextilesandofferasolutiontotheglareonthescreenofyourphonewhenyou'reoutinthesun?Thiscolorisashadeofblue,inspiredbythecobaltbluetarantula(钴蓝狼蛛)——aspeciesofspiderthatisnativetotherainforestsofsoutheastAsia.Whatsurprisedscientistswhoobservedtheeight-leggedfurryspiderwasthatitscolordidnotchangeatallevenwhenviewedfromdifferentangles.Ateamofscientists,ledbyBillHsiungfromtheUniversityofAkroninOhio,havebeenstudyingtarantulasforsometime.Blueisararecolorintheanimalkingdom,sotheresearcherssetouttofindtheexactnatureofthisblue.Theyfoundthattheouterbodyofthetarantulaiscoveredwithtinycrystalline(晶体的)structures.Thesetinystructuresactlikeamirrorandwhenlightstrikesthem,theyreflectonlyoneparticularwavelengthoflight-blue.Thiskindofnaturalcolorisreferredtoasthe“structuralcolor”.Usually,whencolorsareviewedfromdifferentangles,theyappeardifferentbecauseofhowlightisreflected.Thisisbecauseofaphenomenonknownasiridescence(彩虹色).However,thebluecolorproducedbytarantulasappearsthesamefromallangles.Scientistsfindthatitisthetinycrystalstructuresonthetarantula’sbodyarrangedinaflower-likeshapethatreduceiridescence.Scientistshaveknownaboutstructuralcolorsforawhile,buttheyhavenotseenthemusedfordye.Withaclearerunderstandingofhow“structuralcolors”work,scientistscannowcreateapigment(色素)similartothetarantulabluetodyetextilesandotherproducts.Watchoutforthetarantulablue-acolorthatmaysoontakethefashionindustrybystorm!5．Whatisspecialaboutthecobaltbluetarantula?A．Itsbodycolorisunchangeablyblue.B．itslegslookcrystalclearinthesun.C．Itssmellisnaturallydisgusting.D．Itsfurcanbemadeintotextiles.6．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingParagraph4?A．Tointroducethetarantula'sbodystructures.B．Toshowthephenomenonofcoloriridescence.C．Toexplaintheprincipleofthestructuralcolor.D．Todiscusstheimportanceofreflectionanglestocolors.7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AcolorinspiredbyaspiderB．ThedevelopmentofbluetextilesC．AspiderwithstructuralcolorsdiscoveredD．Thecobaltbluetarantula-ararespecies【答案】5．A6．C7．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了科学家观察到钴蓝狼蛛的身体蓝色的特殊性，受到启发，然后可以创造出类似的颜色。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thiscolorisashadeofblue,inspiredbythecobaltbluetarantula(钴蓝狼蛛)——aspeciesofspiderthatisnativetotherainforestsofsoutheastAsia.Whatsurprisedscientistswhoobservedtheeight-leggedfurryspiderwasthatitscolordidnotchangeatallevenwhenviewedfromdifferentangles.(这个颜色是蓝色的，灵感来自钴蓝狼蛛——一种原产于东南亚热带雨林的蜘蛛。观察这只八条腿的毛茸茸的蜘蛛的科学家们感到惊讶的是，即使从不同的角度观察，它的颜色也没有任何变化。)”可知，钴蓝狼蛛的身体蓝色是不变的。故选A项。6．推理判断题。根据第四段中“However,thebluecolorproducedbytarantulasappearsthesamefromallangles.Scientistsfindthatitisthetinycrystalstructuresonthetarantula’sbodyarrangedinaflower-likeshapethatreduceiridescence.(然而，狼蛛产生的蓝色从各个角度来看都是一样的。科学家们发现，是狼蛛身体上微小的晶体结构以花的形状排列，减少了彩虹色。)”，结合第三段结尾“Thiskindofnaturalcolorisreferredtoasthe‘structuralcolor’.(这种自然色被称为“结构色”。)”可知，第四段主要目的是解释结构色的原理。故选C项。7．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“Thiscolorisashadeofblue,inspiredbythecobaltbluetarantula(钴蓝狼蛛)——aspeciesofspiderthatisnativetotherainforestsofsoutheastAsia.(这个颜色是蓝色的，灵感来自钴蓝狼蛛——一种原产于东南亚热带雨林的蜘蛛。)”可知，本文主要讲述了科学家观察到钴蓝狼蛛的身体蓝色的特殊性，受到启发，产生灵感，然后可以创造出类似的颜色。A项“灵感来自蜘蛛的颜色”符合本文主题，适合做标题。故选A项。五、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Asimplebadge(徽章)isplayinganimportantroleinhelpinglostseniorsreturnhome.ByscanningaQRcodeonaplasticbadge,anyonewithasmartphonecanreachtheperson’semergencycontact____8____(immediate).“It’sefficientand____9____(save)effort,”saidLiCaoliang,headoftheLeiFengpolicestationinFushun,Liaoningprovince.TheideacametoLiandhis____10____(colleague)fouryearsagowhendealingwithmorethan200lostseniorsinayear.Someoftheoldpeoplegotlostbecausetheyhadillnessessuchasmemory____11____(lose)orAlzheimer’s.Theycouldn’ttelltheiridentity,addressorphonenumber.Sometimes,theofficershadtospendhours____12____(try)tofigureoutwhotocallfromvaguedescriptionsbythelostseniors.Insomecases,thelostseniorshadtostayovernightatthestationbeforetheirfamilies____13____(contact).Thenumberoflostseniorshasdroppedtoaround30ayearsince____14____thepolicedevelopedcameintouse.Chinahas264millionoldpeople,accounting____15____18.7percentofitspopulationaccordingtoitsseventhpopulationcensus____16____(conduct)lastyear.WangJiajuan,_____17_____haslongfocusedonimprovingpublicservicesforanagingsociety,saystheinnovativeQRcodeIDhelpsguaranteethetravelsafetyofseniors.【答案】8．immediately9．saves10．colleagues11．loss12．trying13．werecontacted14．what15．for16．conducted17．who【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种能够帮助迷路老人回家的徽章，人们通过扫描塑料徽章上的二维码，可以立即通过智能手机联系到此人的紧急联系人。8．考查副词。句意：通过扫描塑料徽章上的二维码，任何拥有智能手机的人都可以立即联系到此人的紧急联系人。修饰动词reach，应用副词。故填immediately。9．考查动词时态。句意：“这样做既高效又省力，”辽宁省抚顺市雷锋派出所负责人李曹良说。根据前文It’s可知，此处描述现在状况，用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填saves。10．考查名词复数。句意：四年前，当李和他的同事在一年内处理200多名失踪老人时，他们产生了这个想法。根据句意可知，“他的同事”是复数概念，应用名词复数。故填colleagues。11．考查名词。句意：一些老年人迷路是因为他们患有诸如记忆力丧失或老年痴呆症之类的疾病。根据前文suchas可知，此处应用lose的名词loss作介词宾语，memoryloss“失忆”是固定短语。故填loss。12．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，警官们不得不花几个小时试着从迷路的老人们模糊的描述中找出该给谁打电话。spend…(in)doingsth“花费……做某事”是固定搭配。故填trying。13．考查时态语态。句意：在某些情况下，迷路的老人不得不在他们的家人联系之前在车站过夜。根据前文had可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词contact和主语families之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为复数，主谓一致，故填werecontacted。14．考查主语从句。句意：自从警方发明的东西投入使用以来，失踪老人的数量已经下降到每年30人左右。分析句子可知，since引导时间状语从句，设空处引导的是主语从句，作时间状语从句的主语，应用连接代词what引导从句，在从句中作宾语，意为“警方发明的东西”。故填what。15．考查介词。句意：根据去年进行的第七次人口普查，中国有2.64亿老年人，占人口的18.7%。accountfor“（数量、比例上）占”是固定搭配。故填for。16．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据去年进行的第七次人口普查，中国有2.64亿老年人，占人口的18.7%。非谓语动词conduct和所修饰的名词populationcensus之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填conducted。17．考查定语从句。句意：长期致力于为老龄化社会改善公共服务的WangJiajuan表示，创新型二维码有助于保障老年人的出行安全。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为WangJiajuan，关系代词who引导从句，在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词wh