小升初专项第十三讲连词（学生版）

课程主题第13讲——连词学习目标掌握并列连词和从属连词的意思及用法；根据句子的逻辑关系，正确使用并列连词连接彼此并列的词、短语、或句子，正确使用从属连词，进行表达；教学内容【课前检测】 Likeotherlivingthings,mostbacteria(细菌)thatcausefoodtogo1.b________needwatertosurvive.Salttakesin(吸收)largeamountsofwater,somostbacteriacannotliveina2.s________environment.Asaresult,salthasthe3.a________topreservealmostanything.Formuchofhumanhistory,thisabilityhasmadesalttreasuredandindispensable(不可缺少的).Every4.a_______culturefromEgypttoChinarelyonsalt.Eventoday,weparehardworking,usefulpeopletosaltbycallingthem“thesaltoftheearth”. Sincealmosteveryoneneededsalt,thesalttradewasanimportant5.b_______.Saltcouldevenbeusedlikemoney.In6.f_____,thewordsalaryes7.f______thewordsalt.Andvaluablepeoplearestillsaidtobe“worththeirsalt.”Today,saltis8.e______toget.Itisnolongerexpensive,butitisstillbothimportantanduseful.1.b___________2.s___________3.a___________4.a___________5.b___________6.f___________7.f___________8.e___________

【课堂导学】（）1.

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（）4.Ourcountry_________alotsofar.Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven_________.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better()5.Hergrandfather_________fortwoyears.A.hasbeendead B.hasdiedC.died D.hasbeendied()6.Doyouknowhimwell?Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.were B.havebeenC.havebee D.havemade()7.Theorganizationisconsidering______somemoneytovictimsofthenaturaldisasterA.donateB.donatingC.todonateD.todonating()8.Nowadaysmanynewtaxiapps(打车软件)______tohelppeopletravelaroundmoreeasily.A.areusedB.useC.usedD.isused()9.ThejokewassofunnythatitmadeKitty____againandagain.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughs()10.—Canwerunacrosstheroadnow? —No,we_________.Wehavetowaituntilthelightturnsgreen.A.needn'tB.mustn't C.couldn't D.shouldn't【知识点梳理】知识点一：并列连词1).表示连接两个同等概念使用方法例示and,连接并列部分，用于肯定句,否定句把and变orTomandIarestudents.both…and两者都(两者都强调，谓语动词为复数)BothTomandIarestudents.notonly…but(also),不但…而且(强调后者，就近原则)NotonlyTombutalsoIamastudent.neither…nor"既不……也不……"(就近原则)Neitheryounorheisastudent.aswellas,with,togetherwith也(强调前者，就远原则)Thestudentsaswellastheirclassteacherehere.2).表示选择的并列结构a.or"或者"b.either…or"或者……或者……"(就近原则)EitheryouorIamright.3).表示转折或对比a.but表示转折，while表示对比。Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.b.not…but…"不是……而是……"4).表示因果关系a.for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。b.so,therefore【例题1】Terrydidverywellintheinterview,_______hegothisdreamjobinIBM.A.for B.so C.but D.or【例题2】Welistenedeagerlyandcarefully,_______hebroughtnewsofourfamilies.A.and B.but C.so D.for【例题3】Ican’tsleepwellatnight，_______Ioftenfeelverytiredintheday．A.soB.becauseC.andD.or知识点二：从属连词1).引导宾语从句的从属连词有三个：that,if,whether2).引导状语从句的从属连词：从句种类主要从属连词时间从句when,while,assoonas,since,before,after,until,till等条件从句if,unless目的从句inorderthat,sothat结果从句so…that,such…that,sothat,so原因从句because,as,since让步从句although,though知识点三时间状语从句中的连词时间状语从句是由when,as,while,after,before,since,until,assoonas等从属连词引导的状语从句。1.when，while均可表示“当……的时候”。when强调“特定时间”，表示主句谓语动词的动作与从句谓语动词的动作是同时发生的，或从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前；while表示的时间是一段，而不是一点。I'llgoonwiththeworkwhenIebacktomorrow．我明天回来后会继续做我的工作。Whenspringcame,hefeltlikeatrip.春天来了，他想去旅游。WhileIwasstudying,youfellasleep.当我学习的时候，你睡着了。2.since“自从”，before“在……前”，after“在……后”，Itwasnotlongbefore意为“不久”。since引导从句用非延续性动词或“过去时间点”或“过去时间段+ago”，主句用完成时态。Sincehegraduated,hehasworkedinthiscity.他毕业后一直在这个城市工作。Ihaven'tseenhimsincelastyear/threeyearsago.去年以来/3年来，我没见过他。Hehandedinhispaperbeforethebellrang.他在铃响前交了卷子。Itwasnotlongbeforehecameback.不久他就回来了。IwrotebacktohimthreedaysafterIgothisletter.我接到他信3天后就给他回信了。3.till／until，表示“一直到……”，主从句都用肯定式；表示“直到……才”，主句否定，从句肯定。Heworkeduntilitwasdark.他一直工作到天黑。Hedidnotgetuptillhismothercamein.一直到母亲进来他才起床。主句动词必须是持续动词，一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。till/until till在口语中用的较多，句首一般用until，而不用till。【例题4】–Look!Hereestheschoolbus.–Nohurry.Don’tgetonit_______ithasstopped.A.until B.after C.since D.when【例题5】Willyouhelphim_______youseeanoldmanlyinginthemiddleofthestreet?A.though B.when C.because D.unless【例题6】Thetwoboyswerewalkingalongtheriver_______theyheardashoutforhelp.A.although B.since C.when D.as【例题7】.Itisimportanttoknowthatyourbrainstoresmemory_______youareasleep.A.before B.untilC.thoughD.while【例题8】MikewatchedTV_______hehadfinishedherhomeworklastnight.A.before B.while C.after D.then【例题9】Somebodyrangmeupjustnow,buthehungup_______Icouldanswerthephone.A.whenB.untilC.beforeD.since知识点四：条件状语条件状语从句中的连词：if,unless(=if…not)a).时态:主将从现(当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时）b).主句+if/unless连接的条件状语从句，可以和“祈使句+and/or连接的并列句”互换如：Workhard,oryouwon’tcatchtheotherstudents.=Unlessyouworkhard,youwon’tcatchtheotherstudents.★条件状语从句1．条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。引导条件状语从句的连词有：if如果；unless除非，如果不；onconditionthat条件是；aslongas只要2．表示正面的条件用if“如果”。Ifyoudon'tlookafteryoungtrees,theywilldieveryquickly.如果你不好好照看小树苗，它们就会很快死去。Ifthemuseumchargesforentry,alotofpeoplewon'tbeabletovisitit.如果进入博物馆要收费，许多人就参观不成了。3．表示否定的条件用unless(=if.．．not)“除非，如果不”。IshallnotgotothecinemaunlessIfinishmyhomeworkbeforeeight.我不会去看电影，除非我能在8点前完成作业。说明：if…not常可以用unless替代。Ifyoudon’tstudyhard,youwillfailintheexam.Youwillfailintheexamunlessyoustudyhard.4．祈使结构表条件。前半部分的祈使结构相当于if条件句，可用动词或名词开头；后半部分的简单句常用一般将来时，有时也用一般现在时。此句型与条件状语从句形成同义结构。1)祈使句(,)+and/then+简单句＝>if从句(否定式)+主句Givemesomewheretostand,andIwillmovetheearth.（如果）给我一个支点，我便能掀动地球。=Ifyougivemesomewheretostand,Iwillmovetheearth.Onemoreword,andI'llturnyouout.你再多说一句，我就把你赶出去。=Ifyouspeakonemoreword,Iwillturnyouout.Useyourhead,thenyou'llfindaway.动动脑子你就能找到办法。=Ifyouuseyourhead,you'llfindaway.2)祈使句（,）+or+简单句＝>if从句(否定式)+主语Workevenharder,oryouwillneverpasstheexam.如果不加倍努力，你就永远无法通过考试。=Ifyoudon'tworkharder,youwillneverpasstheexam.Stoptellinglies,oryouwillbepunished.如果你继续说谎，就会受到惩罚。=Ifyoudon'tstoptellinglies,youwillbepunished.【例题10】I'llgowithyouifI_______freetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was【例题11】Youwon'tknowwhat'shappeningintheworld_______youreadnewspaperseveryday.A.if B.unless C.because D.after【例题12】You’llneversucceed_______youdon’tworkhard.A.if B.until C.unless D.when【例题13】Youwillbeunhealthyifyoudon'tdoexerciseregularly.（保持句意不变）Youwillbeunhealthy_______you_______exerciseregularly.【例题14】Bequick,oryoucan’tcatchthebus.(保持句意基本不变)_______you_______quick,youcan’tcatchthebus.知识点五：原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有：because,for,since,as,nowthat1）because意为“因为”，表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，用于回答why，语气最强，不能与so连用。Heisabsenttodaybecauseheisill.他今天缺席，因为他病了。Ididn'tgooutbecauseIwasbusywithhomework.我没有出去，因为我忙于家庭作业。有时，可用becauseof后接名词或代词表示原因，此时becauseof=for(介词)。Wewon'tbeabletoebecauseoftheweather.由于天气的原因，我们来不了。Shewaslookingallthebetterforherstayinhospital.她因为待在医院，显得好多了。2)for意为“因为”，引导的从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供补充说明，且不可位于主句前。for前往往用逗号或分号与主句分开，引起的从句对主句加以解释。Ididn'tgotoseehim,foraheavysnowwasfalling.我没有去看他，因为在下大雪。【例题15】Ididn’tbuythedictionaryyesterday_______myauntwouldgivemeone.A.until B.because C.if D.before【例题16】Readerswon’tbeinterestedinaicstrip_______itdoesn’thavemuchaction.A.ifB.whenC.unless D.because知识点六：让步状语从句1．引导让步状语从句的连词有：although,while,eventhough,evenif,whether...(ornot),用nomatter十wh/how引导2．although／though“虽然”。AlthoughIdidn’tknowanybodyattheparty,Ihadaverygoodtime.虽然晚会上的客人我一个也不认识，但我玩得很愉快。[注意]“although…but”是个典型的错误，因为but是并列连词，不能与从属连词although连用。但是，although可与yet，still连用，因为yet，still是副词，它可使前后关系更明确。【例题17】_______ D.if【例题18】_______themanwasbadlyinjuredinthefire,heisstillalivenow.A.Since B.When C.Before D.Although【例题19】 —_______【例题20】HecanhardlyunderstandtheEnglishnotice_______hehaslearnedEnglishformanyyears.A.becauseB.afterC.sinceD.thoughWWashingtoncutsdownthecherrytree.【课堂练习】Ⅰ.Choosethebestanswer()1.Bequick,_______we’llbelateforschool.A.andB.butC.orD.so()2.Lastnight,theshopwasclosed_______shedidn’tbuyanychocolate.A.soB.ifC.orD.when()3.Themanagerthoughttheoldladywasright,_______hedidn'ttakeheradvice.A.or B.so C.but D.and()4.Arthur,youwillgettoothache_______youcleanyourteethregularly.A.unlessB.sinceC.ifD.before()5.Wehavebeengoodfriends_______wejoinedthesamesinginggroup.A.untilB.whenC.sinceD.though()6.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?—I'dloveto,_______Ican't._______Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.and;BecauseB.but;Because C.so;AndD.and;so()7._______he'sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.Since C.ForD.So()8.Hedidn'trealizehismistake_______hewastoldaboutit.A.ifB.whileC.untilD.since()9.Wemustdosomethingtoprotecttheearth,_______wewillloseourhome.A.orB.butC.soD.and()10.Agoodfriendalwaysgivesyouahelpinghand_______you’reintrouble.whenB.beforeC.untilD.thoughⅡ.Readingprehension.AJaneBlackisonlyfouryearsold.Hergrandpa1.u_______tobeateacherandhe2.t_______thegirltoreadandwrite.Thegirlstudieshardandlearnsalot.Shecancountfromonetoone3.h_______,readsomepicturebooks.OnceuponatimeMrsBlacktookherdaughtertoabirthdayparty.Theguestsspoke4.h_______ofarichwoman’sboy.MrsBlackaskedhimafewquestions,butallhisanswerswerewrong.Janebegantolaughathim.Therichwomanwasangry.Shetoldherfriend,anexpertofchildren’seducation,wassurprisedand5.t_______forawhile.Thensheasked,“Therearethreefliesonthetable.Howmanywillbe6.l_______ifIkillone?”“One,”answeredJane.“You’rewrong,”calledoutthefatwoman.“Allofthemwillflyaway!”“Doyouthinka7.d_______flycanfly,madam?”askedthelittlegirl.Theguestsbegantolaughandthewoman’sface8.t_______red.BIwasborndisabled.Adifficultbirth,feetfirst,myheadstuckinthebirthcanal(产道).Bymyfirstbirthday,Icouldn’tcrawl(爬),standorwalk.WhenIwas3,DadbroughtmetotheChildren'sHospitalinBoston.TheytoldhimIhadcerebralpalsy(脑瘫).Alossofoxygentomybrainhaddestroyedbrainsignalstotherightsideofmybody.Butnosonofmydad'swasgoingtobedisabled.Everymorningbeforebreakfastandeveryeveningbeforebed,mydadplacedmeonthebedroomfloortoexercisemyrightleg.Themuscleswereshrunkenandtwisted(缠绕)together.Hisjobwastocraft(用手精心推拉)themstraight,atanycost.Backandforth,upanddown,mydadpushedandpulledthemusclesintoshape.Butmydad'sexerciseofpassiondidn'tstopthere.Formy13thbirthday,hethrewmeaspecialparty.Wheneverybodywasgone,heopenedalargebox.Initwasasetofboxinggloves.Weputthemon.Mydadwentontobeatmemercilessly(无情地).EachtimeItriedtogetup,thegloveskissedmynose,eyesandjaw(下巴).Ibeggedhimtostop.Hesaidhebeatmetogetmereadyfortheworld.HetoldmeIwasamannowandthingswouldbeverydifficultforme.Thatsameyear,Iwastheonlykidinmyneighborhoodthatwasn'tpickedforLittleLeague.Everybodylaughedatme.Twoweekslater,DadstartedtheSheddParkMinorLeague,andeverykidplayed.DadcoachedtheYankeesandmademeapitcher(棒球投手).Inhighschool,Ibecameafootballstar.Thepowerofmydad'slovemadesureIwalkedandmore.In1997,abraindoctorinSanJosetoldmeIdidn'thavecerebralpalsyafterall.Heexplainedhowandwherethedoctor'sforceps(镊子)atbirthhaddamagedonepartofmybrain.Mydadneverknewthewholetruthsincehepassedawayyearsago.Butallthatcountsisthebottomline.Afterallhismadness,onthisFather'sDay,likeeveryFather'sDay,I'mnolongerdisabled.Whatcouldn'tthewriterdobyhisfirstbirthday?__________________________________________Howdidthewriter'sfatherhelphimtocraftthemusclesstraight?__________________________________________Whatpresentdidthewriterreceivedfromhisfatheronhisthirteenthbirthday?__________________________________________Whydidthewriter'sfatherbeathimmercilesslyonhisthirteenthbirthday?__________________________________________Whendidthewriterknowthathedidn'thavecerebralpalsyafterall?__________________________________________Thewriter'sfathernevergaveuponhim,didhe?__________________________________________【课堂回顾】【课后作业】根据句意和所给音标写出单词。Don'tworry.Mybrothercan_______/fɪks/yourbikesoon.Thebusistoo_______/sləʊ/.Let'stakeataxiinstead.Eachofusis_______/'wɪlɪŋ/tohaveachancetogoabroad.Ican'tworkoutthismathproblem.It'stoo_______/'dɪfɪkəlt/forme.Whatdoyouthinkisthemost_______/'helpfəl/invention?Choosethebestanswer.A类：()1.Theunderlinedpartintheword“oranges”ispronouncedas_______.A./z/ B./s/ C./is/ D./iz/()2.YangpuBridgeisfivemiles_______.A.fromherefar B.awayfromhereC.farfromhere D.fromhereaway()3.Everybodymusthave_______ownchoices.A.one’s B.their C.your D.our()4.Myfatheriswritingamenu_______food_______tomorrow.A.of,of B.for,for C.of,for D.for,of()5._______willyourmotherbebackinamonth?A.Howsoon B.Howlong C.Howfar D.Howoften()6.Thereis_______“h”inthesentence“Aliceis_______honestgirl.”A.an,a B.a,an C.an,an D.a,a()7.Thisproductisdifferent_______thatone,especially_______.A.in,insize B.from,insize C.from,insizes D.in,fromsize()8.Thetouristsisa_______whosejobistoshowother_______thewaytoaplace.A.person,person B.people,people C.people,person D.person,people()9.Ihavetolookaftermy_______sister,shehasbeen_______foraweek.A.sick,ill B.ill,sick C.ill,ill D.sick,illness()10.Hedidn'tgototheparty_______thetime.A.because B.becauseof C.becauseas D.becausefor()11.We_______anydrinksbecausethereisenoughinthefridge.A.needn’t B.don'tneed C.notneed D.neednot()12.Thefilmlasted_______.A.twohourandahalf B.twoandahalfhoursC.twohoursandhalf D.twoandhalfhours()13._______freezingweatheritistoday!A.What B.How C.Whata D.Howa()14.She_______to_______pizzaverymuch.A.like,eat B.like,eating C.likes,eat D.likeseating()15.Wouldyoulike_______ShanghaiMuseumwithusnextFriday?A.visiting B.tovisit C.visited D.visitB类：()1.IhavesomethingimportanttodiscusswithTim.IwillwaitforTim_______hegetsback.A.as B.until C.when D.after()2.Youcanbuyputersatalocalshop.They’reusuallymoreexpensive,_______youcangetbetteraftersalesservice.A.and B.but C.so D.or()3.Themanagerthoughttheoldladywasright,_______hedidn'ttakeheradvice.A.or B.so C.but D.and()4.Idecidednottobuyfrozendumplings_______thegovernmentsaidtheyweresafe.A.because B.though C.since D.or()5.Thepoliceasked_______wesawanybodybreakintothehousetostealthings.A.who B.if C.what D.where()6.Wewillrememberthepicture_______itissilly,strangeandcolorful.A.unless B.if C.before D.after()7._______hewastiredafterthedailyhardwork,MoYanwashungryforbooks.A.Since B.Assoonas C.Although D.Until()8.Youwillendupinhospital_______yougoonsmokinglikethat.A.unless B.if C.because D.until()9.Myfatherdidn’tgiveupsmoking_______thedoctortoldhimtodoso.A.unless B.when C.until D.after()10.Youarenotallowedtoentertheexhibition_______youhaveaticket.A.if B.when C.unless D.becauseⅡ.Fillintheblankswithproperforms.1.Youcanusethe_______escalator.(one)2.LiuXiangisaverygreat_______.(run)3.Hervoiceis_______thanhis.(loud)4.What’sthe_______oftheword.(mean)5.Therearethree_______intheriver.(ferry)6.Everyonehastwo_______.(foot)7._______isveryinteresting.(travel)8.The_______arefromTokyo.(visit)Ⅲ.Rewritethesentencesasrequired1.IlikemyjobbecauseIliketomakesickpeoplebetter.(对划线部分提问)_______doyoulikeyourjob?2.Thewomanisasecretary.(改为复数句)The_____________________.3.TheywouldliketohaveabarbecueintheparkthisSunday.(保持句意不变)They__________________havingabarbecueintheparkthisSunday.4.Sheseldomvisitshersister.(改为反意疑问句)Sheseldomvisitshersister,______________?5.ShespeaksEnglishwell.(改为感叹句)______________shespeaksEnglish!6.WetooktheferrytoPudongNewAreathismorning.(保持句意不变)We_______toPudongNewArea_______ferry.7.Mary’sgotsomesausagesforthepicnicnextweek.(改为一般疑问句)_______Marygot_______sausagesforthepicnicnextweek?8.Choosesomesweetapplesforthelittlechild.(改为否定句)_______choose_______sweetapplesforthelittlechild.Ⅳ.ReadingprehensionChoosethebestanswer.(根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)TheUSAistheshortformoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.ItisinNorthAmerica.ItliesbetweenCanadaandMexico.Itisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld.Itismadeupof50states.ThecapitaloftheUSA,suchasNewYork,SanFrancisco,Chicagoandsoon.ThenewstateofHawaiiisfarfromthestatesoftheeastcoastofthecontinent.HawaiiisinthePacificOceanTherearealotofinterestingplacesintheUSA.Disneylandisoneofthemostwellknownparksintheworld.Theolderpark(Disneyland)isinLosAngeles,California;theotherone(Disneyworld)isinOrlando,Florida.()1.TheUSAis_______.A.nexttoMexico B.farfromMexicoC.farfromCanada D.tothenorthofCanada()2.Hawaiiis_______inthePacificOcean.A.acountry B.anisland C.apark D.afamouscity()3.Fromthepassageweknowthereare_______DisneylandintheUSA.A.onlyone B.two C.three D.fifty()4.Chicagoisin_______.A.theUSA B.Canada C.Mexico D.Hawaii()5.Thephrase“themostwellknownparks”inthelastparagraphmeans_______.A.theparkspeopleknowwell B.theverybeautifulparksC.theinterestingparks D.thelargeparksTrueorFalse.(判断正误)Alittleboyissittingoutsidethehouse.Asalesman(推销员)askstheboy,"Isyourmotherathome?""Yes,she'sathome."Theboysays.Thesalesmanrings(按响)thedoorbell(门铃),butthedoorisn’topen.Heknocks(敲)atthedooragainandagain,butnooneestothedoor.Heisangry.Hesaystothelittleboy,"Youtellmeyourmotherisathome.""Sheis,"saystheboy,"butthisisn'tmyhome."()1.Alittleboyissittinginsidethehouse.()2.Thedoorisopenwhenthesalesmanringsthedoorbell.()3.Thesalesmanishungry.()4.Thelittleboy'smotherisathome.()5.Thisisn’ttheboy'shouse.Choosethebestanswer.Moreandmorepeoplelike1._______.Theycanmakepeople2._______andhelpthemrelaxafterworkorstudy.Youngpeopleliketoplayballgames,3._______basketball,volleyball,badminton,tennisandtabletennis.Manypeoplelikefootballverymuch.4._______footballisveryexciting.Swimmingandclimbingarealsoverygoodsports.Therearemany5._______sports.Running,skatingandfishingcan6._______makepeoplestrongandhealthy.()1.A.games B.sports C.meetings D.activities()2.A.health B.happy C.healthy D.happily()3.A.soas B.suchas C.asif D.sothat()4.A.Playing B.Toplay C.Play D.Plays()5.A.otherkindofB.kindsof C.akindof D.otherkindsof()6.A.always B.also C.often D.stillReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords.TherearealotofnetbardincitiesandtownsinChi