2021-2022学年陕西省咸阳市实验中学高二上学期11月月考英语试题解析版（不含听力音频）

2021-2022学年陕西省咸阳市实验中学高二上学期11月月考英语试题本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。第一部分听力（共两节,每小题1分,满分20分）做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhendoesPlanetFitnessopenonholidays?A.At6a.m.B.At9a.m.C.At8a.m.2.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Arguewiththewoman.B.Payforthedamage.C.Buyanewbook.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Courseselection.B.Careerchoice.C.Lectureprofessors.4.Howdidthewomangotraveling?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.5.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahospital.B.Athome.C.Atanairport.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whyisthewomansohappy?A.Herworkwillbeshared.B.Thenewdressfitsherwell.C.Everythinghasbeenchecked.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Employerandemployee.C.Hostandguest.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatisthemainproblemwiththeman?A.Hegetspoorgrades.B.Helackssleep.CHefeelsstressedout.9.Howisthemandealingwithhisproblemnow?A.Bylisteningtomusic.B.Byrunning.C.Byswimming.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whichsportisforasuperpassmemberonly?A.Basketball.B.Golf.C.Rock-climbing.11.Howmuchdoestheswim-onlypasscost?A.$10.B.$35.C.$40.12.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutchoosingthepass?A.Excited.B.SatisfiedC.Confused.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthewoman’splanforSunday?A.Goingshopping.B.Goingcamping.C.Goingsnowboarding.14.WherewillthewomanstayinBigBear?A.Inacamp.B.Inahotel.C.Inahouse.15.Whatwillthemandoontheweekend?A.Visithisfriends.B.Readbooks.C.Jointhewoman.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’sweekend?A.It’sboring.B.It’scomforting.C.It’srelaxing.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhydidReyesGuanastayinthecarwhenhisparentswereworking?A.Hewasveryyoung.B.Hedidn'tlikeworking.C.Helookedafterbrothers.18.WhatdidReyesGuanalearnfromcleaningtheschool?A.Howtomakemoney.B.Howtorespectothers.C.Howtomoveuptheranks.19.HowmanyjobshasReyesGuanahad?A.3.B.4.C.5.20.WhatistheguideinReyesGuana’scurrentjob?A.HisMexicanorigin.B.Hislifeexperience.C.Hiscollegeeducation.第二部分阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AArbeiaRomanFort(城堡)andMuseumLocationandHistoryArbeiaRomanFortissituatedonHadrian'sWall.ItwasthemostimportantstructurebuiltbytheRomansinBritain,andnowithasbeenaWorldHeritage(遗产)Site.BuiltaroundAD160,ArbeiaRomanFortwasthemilitarysupplybaseforthesoldierswhowerestationedalongHadrian'sWall.Theforthasbeengraduallyuncoveredandsomeoriginalpartshavebeenrevealed.TherearereconstructionsthatshowhowArbeiaRomanFortwouldhavelooked.TheReconstructionThereconstructionoftheCommandingOfficer'shouseandsoldiers'quartersarestrikinglydifferent.Theaccommodationforsoldiersisdarkanduncomfortable,whiletheCommandingOfficer'shouseisspaciousandluxurious,withcourtyardswithfountainsforhimandhisfamilytoenjoy.TheMuseumVisitthemuseumandseemanyobjectsthatwerefoundatArbeia.Theyarehistoricallyimportantandshowwhatdailylifewasreallylikeatthattime.Youwillseeweapons,tools,jewellery,andsoon.YoucanalsodiscoverhowtheRomansburiedthedeadandseetombstones(墓碑)whichsurvivetothisday.Thereisa"hands-on"areaallowingvisitorstodigonacertainsiteandstudytheirfindingswiththehelpofmuseumstaff.Youcanpiecetogetherpottery(陶器),ortrywritingjustastheRomanswouldhavedone.Forchildren,theycanbuildthisancientRomanfortwithbuildingblocksbythemselves.OpeningTimesandHowtoGetThereApril1—October31:MondaytoSaturday10:00am—5:00pm,Sunday2:00pm—5:00pm.November1—March31:MondaytoSaturday11:00am—4:00pm,closedonSunday.(ClosedonDecember25—26andJanuary1.)Entryisfree.Arbeiaisonlyaten-minutewalkfromthebusstationatSouthShields.Carscanbeparkedfree.1.Accordingtothepassage,ArbeiaRomanFort________.A.wasamilitarybase B.gotreconstructedaroundAD160C.wasbuiltinasmallareainRome D.providedacomfortablelifeforsoldiers2.Whatcanvisitorsdointhemuseum?A.Tryusingweapons. B.Seehistoricalobjects.C.WritetoancientRomans. D.Buildtombstonesforthedead.3.Whattimedoesthemuseumclose?A.OnApril1. B.OnOctober31.C.OnNovember1. D.OnDecember26.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。介绍了旅游景点ArbeiaRomanFortandMuseum的位置、历史、重建及开放时间等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“LocationandHistory”中的“BuiltaroundAD160,ArbeiaRomanFortwasthemilitarysupplybaseforthesoldierswhowerestationedalongHadrian’sWall”(Arbeia罗马堡垒建于公元160年左右，是驻扎在哈德良城墙的士兵的军事补给基地。)可知，ArbeiaRomanFort与军事有关，故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“TheMuseum”中的“VisitthemuseumandseemanyobjectsthatwerefoundatArbeia.Theyarehistoricallyimportantandshowwhatdailylifewasreallylikeatthattime.Youwillseeweapons,tools,jewellery,andsoon.”(参观博物馆，看看在Arbeia发现的许多物品。它们在历史上很重要，展示了当时的日常生活。你会看到武器、工具、珠宝等等。)可知，游客们在这个博物馆可以看见许多历史物品，故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“OpeningTimesandGettingThere”表格里的信息“MondaytoSaturday11:00am-4:00pm,closedSunday.(ClosedDecember25-26andJanuary1)”(星期一至六上午11:00-下午4:00，星期日休息。(十二月二十五日至二十六日及一月一日关闭))可知12月26日博物馆关闭，故选D项。BEngineersatZhejiangUniversityhavecreatedChina'sfirstbrain-likecomputer,namedDarwinMouse,whichcancopythewayahumanbrainworksandsolvecomplexcalculationswhileusingasmallamountoftheenergyusedbytraditionalsupercomputers.Thoughthetechnologyisstillinitsearlystages,expertssayitcouldbeusedtorunlarge,real-timesimulations(模拟)andmakenewdiscoveriesinchemistry,medicineandneuroscience.Itcouldalsobeusedtorevolutionisecomputerdesign,leadingtomorepowerfulandefficientartificialintelligence.PanGang,aprofessorattheuniversity'sCollegeofComputerScienceandTechnology,saidneuromorphic(神经形态的)computinghasbeenafocusoftheinternationalscientificandengineeringcommunitiesforsometimeandisconsideredoneofthekeymethodstoovercomethemajorcomputingchallengesforartificialintelligence.DarwinMouserepresenteda"majormilestoneachievement"inChina'sbrain-likecomputingtechnology.Inlate2018,theUniversityofManchesterintheUnitedKingdomupgradeditsneuromorphicsupercomputerSpiNNakertouseamillionprocessors,enablingittoperform2trillionactionsasecond.Thisallowedthemachinetorunextremelylarge-scalereal-timesimulations,suchasmodellingpartsofthebrain.DarwinMouseusessignificantlyfewerprocessorsthankstothelatestdevelopmentsinbrain-likechipsmadeinChina,allowingittoperformfarbetter.Anotheradvantageislowenergycosts.Wheninformationistransmittedonlyneuronsthatreceiveandprocessthesignalsareactivated,whileotherneuronsstayasleep,similartohowabrainworks.Asaresult,theenergyconsumptioncanbereducedtoasmallpartofthatofconventionalsupercomputers."WehopetokeepevolvingtheDarwinseriesneuromorphiccomputertowardsreachinghumanlevelsofintelligence,thusachievingmorepowerfulartificialintelligencewithsignificantlylessenergyuse.Itishopefulthatbrain-likecomputerswillmaketheirwayintoourdailylivesasthehardwareandthesoftwareforthetechnologymature,"Pansaid.4.WhichcanbeinferredaboutDarwinMouse?A.Brain-likeandeasytooperate. B.Powerfulandenergy-saving.C.Traditionalbutefficient. D.Advancedbutimpractical.5.WhyisSpiNNakermentionedinParagraph4?A.Toshowitcanrunmorecomplexsimulations.B.Toprovenocomputerscancomparewithhumanbrains.C.Tostresstheimportanceofbrain-likechips.D.TohighlighttheadvantageofDarwinMouse.6.WhatisProfessorPan'sattitudetoDarwinMouse?A.Positive. B.Sceptical. C.Tolerant. D.Objective.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.OutstandingEngineersofChinaB.TheBrain-LikeComputerMakesItsFirstAppearanceinChinaC.DarwinMouse,aFamousMouseD.ArtificialIntelligenceHasaBrightFuture【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了浙江大学的工程师们研制出中国第一台类似大脑的计算机DarwinMouse，这台计算机不仅功能强大而且非常节能。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“whichcancopythewayahumanbrainworksandsolvecomplexcalculationswhileusingasmallamountoftheenergyusedbytraditionalsupercomputers.”（它可以模仿人脑的工作方式，同时使用传统超级计算机所使用的少量能量的情况下解决复杂的计算问题。）可以推断出，DarwinMouse不仅具有强大的功能，而且节能。故选B项。【5题详解】推理判断题。第四段的前半部分提到超级计算机SpiNNaker升级之后性能大大提到，后半部分讲DarwinMouse和SpiNNaker进行了对比，DarwinMouse因为使用了国产芯片，使用的处理器更少，性能也更好。因此该段提到超级计算机SpiNNaker是为了通过对比来突出DarwinMouse的优点。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“DarwinMouserepresenteda"majormilestoneachievement"inChina'sbrain-likecomputingtechnology.”（DarwinMouse代表了中国类大脑计算技术的“重大里程碑成就”。）以及最后一段“WehopetokeepevolvingtheDarwinseriesneuromorphiccomputertowardsreachinghumanlevelsofintelligence,thusachievingmorepowerfulartificialintelligencewithsignificantlylessenergyuse.Itishopefulthatbrain-likecomputerswillmaketheirwayintoourdailylivesasthehardwareandthesoftwareforthetechnologymature”（我们希望继续发展达尔文系列神经形态计算机，使其达到人类的智能水平，从而实现更强大的人工智能，同时显著降低能耗。随着该技术硬件和软件的成熟，类似大脑的计算机有望进入我们的日常生活。）可以推断出，ProfessorPan对DarwinMouse的态度是积极肯定的。故选A项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“EngineersatZhejiangUniversityhavecreatedChina'sfirstbrain-likecomputer,namedDarwinMouse”（浙江大学的工程师们发明了中国第一台类似大脑的计算机，名为DarwinMouse）及全文可知，本文主要介绍了浙江大学的工程师们研制出中国第一台类似大脑的计算机DarwinMouse。所以“TheBrain-LikeComputerMakesItsFirstAppearanceinChina”（类似大脑的计算机在中国首次出现）作为文章标题最为合适。故选B项。【点睛】阅读理解解题步骤:首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。其次,细读题材,各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到准确。CMakeUpYourMindtoSucceedKind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewerenotveryvaluedbecause"everyone'sawinner".Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositivethaneverbefore.Asaresult,StanfordDweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmindsetsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here'showtheywork.Afixedmindsetissupportedbythebeliefthatthegiftisgenetic—you'reabornartistormathematician.Thefixedmindsetbelievesit'ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame(羞耻).Whenthingsgetdifficult,it'squicktoblameothers,lie,andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.Ontheotherhand,agrowthmindsetbelievesthatnotalentisentirelybornandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.Becausetheego(自我价值感)isn'tthemostimportantthing,thegrowthmindsetseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwith

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difficulty,theyarequicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,theyenjoythisexperience.Weareallbornwithgrowthmindsets.Otherwise,wewouldn'tbeabletoliveintheworld.Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintothefixedmindsetbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectedpraise.Dweck'sbook,Mindset:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,andonlineinstructionalprogramexplainthisindepth.Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthegenerationbornbetween1980and2001?A.Theydon'tdowellatschool. B.Theyareoftenmisunderstood.C.Theyareeagertowininsports. D.Theyaregiventoomuchpraise.9.Afixedmindsetpersonisprobablytheonewho________.A.doesn'twanttoworkhard B.caresalotaboutpersonalsafetyC.cannotsharehisideaswithothers D.cansucceedwiththehelpofteachers10.Whatdoesthegrowthmindsetbelieve?A.Admittingfailureisshameful. B.Thegiftcomeswithone'sbirth.C.Scoresshouldbehighlyvalued. D.Gettingoverdifficultiesisenjoyable.11.WhatshouldparentsdofortheirchildrenbasedonDweck'sstudy?A.Encouragethemtolearnfromfailure. B.Preventthemfrommakingmistakes.C.Guidethemthroughthedifficulty. D.Helpthemgrowwithpraise.【答案】8.D9.A10.D11.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。斯坦福大学教授Dweck经过40年的调查研究认为人们对待失败有两种不同的思维模式，这两种思维模式对我们如何对待失败有很大的影响。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Asaresult,StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration”（因此，斯坦福大学教授CarolDweck博士称他们为“被过度赞扬的一代”）可知。由此可知，作者认为1980年至2001年出生的一代人被给予了太多的赞扬。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thefixedmindsetbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame(羞耻)”（固定式思维认为不费多大力气就能成功，并将失败视为个人的耻辱）由此可知，固定思维的人可能是不想努力工作的人。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Becausetheego(自尊)isn’tthemostimportantthing,thegrowthmindsetseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwithadifficulty,theyarequicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,theyenjoythisexperience.”（因为自尊不是最重要的东西，成长型思维把失败看成是一个机会而不是耻辱。当面对困难时，他们会很快重新思考、改变和重试。事实上，他们享受这种体验）由此可知，有成长型思维的人认为克服困难是令人愉快的。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmindsetsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectedpraise.”(但是父母、老师和指导者经常通过鼓励某些行为和错误的表扬把我们推向固定的思维模式)以及“Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.”(但她说，你可以从今天开始做许多小事，以确保你的孩子、孙子甚至你永远不会被失败打败)由此可推知，根据Dweck的研究，父母应该鼓励孩子从失败中学习，形成成长型思维。故选A。DYouarejustwakingupinthespringof2030.YourInternetofThingsbedroomopenssolarpowerede-windowsandplaysgentlemusicwhileyoursmartlightingdisplaysamontage(剪辑的)ofbeachfrontsunrisesfromyourrecentvacation.Yourshowerusesverylittlewaterorsoap.Itrecyclesyourgreywaterandputstheextraheatbackintoyourhome'soperatingsystem.Whileyoudress,yourartificialintelligence(Al)assistantsharesyourscheduleforthedayandplaysyourfavoritetunes.Youstillstartyourdaywithacoffeebutitcomesfromyourlotrefrigeratorwhichiscapableofprovidingacoffeehouseexperienceinyourhome.Ahotbreakfasttailoredtoyourspecificnutritionalneeds(basedonchemicalanalysisfromyourtripstothe“smarttoilet”iswaitingforyouinthekitchen.Whenit'stimetoleave,anon-demandtransportsystemhasthreecarswaitingforyou,yourwife(orhusband)andyourkids.Ontheroad,driverlesscarsandtrucksmovewithmathematicalaccuracy,withouttrafficjams,routinemaintenanceorroadrage.Accidentratesarenearzero.OnthewayyoucallyourR&Dteam,whoareenvelopingaday'sworkinShanghai.Yourlife-sizedimageisprojected(投射)intotheChinaInnovationCentreandyourcolleaguesseeyouasifyouweresittingintheroom.It’sabitsurrealforthemtoseeyouinthemorninglightgiventhatit'sdarkontheBund,Shanghai'swaterfront,thoughthenoveltydisappearsafterafewuses.Youreviewtheday'scloud-baseddatafromyourShenzhenmanufacturingcenter,yourpilotprojectinSanDiego,andyourQAteaminMelbourne.Thelargeamountsofdatasetswerecollectedinreal-timefromeverypieceofequipmentandhavebeenbeautifullysummarizedbyyourcompany'sALAllthesefacilitiesarecloselymaintainedandoperatedthroughaadvancedpredictiveanalyticsplatform.Pleasedwiththeteam'sprogress,youendthecallandeaseintoagoodbook.Thisisthefutureanditwillbeheresoonerthanyouthink.12.Howcanwedescribethelifeinthefuture?A.Artificial B.Accurate C.Remarkable D.Intelligent13.Whatcanwedointheyear2030accordingtothepassage?A.Wecanhaveabathwithoutusingwater.B.Wecandrivetoworkwithoutconcerninganyaccidents.C.Wecanenjoythecoffeehouseexperiencewithoutgoingthere.D.Wecandealwithallourworkathomewithoutturningtoothersforhelp.14.Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A.Intimeorder. B.Inlogicalorder.C.Bycomparing. D.Byofferingexamples.15.What'sthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A.ToattractustousetheAlsystem.B.Tointroducethelifeinthefuture.C.ToteachushowtousetheAlsystem.D.Toencourageustostudyhardforthefuture.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了2030年的生活会是什么样子的。【12题详解】推理判断题。阅读文章，并根据第一段“YourInternetofThingsbedroomopenssolarpowerede-windowsandplaysgentlemusicwhileyoursmartlightingdisplaysamontage(剪辑的)ofbeachfrontsunrisesfromyourrecentvacation.（你的物联网卧室打开太阳能电动窗户，播放轻柔的音乐，而你的智能照明显示了你最近度假时海滨日出的剪辑画面。）和每一段内容的描述可知，未来的生活到处都充满了智能，故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Youstillstartyourdaywithacoffeebutitcomesfromyourlotrefrigeratorwhichiscapableofprovidingacoffeehouseexperienceinyourhome.（你仍然以咖啡开始你的一天，但它来自你的冰箱，它可以提供你家的咖啡屋体验。）可知，在2030年，我们不用去咖啡馆就可以享受咖啡馆的体验。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Yourshowerusesverylittlewaterorsoap.（你的淋浴用的水或肥皂很少”，第三段第一句“Youstillstartyourdaywithacoffeebutitcomesfromyourlotrefrigerator（你今天还是喝杯咖啡开始的，但是咖啡是从冰箱里出来的）”，第四段第一句“Whenit'stimetoleave,anon-demandtransportsystemhasthreecarswaitingforyou,（当你要离开时，按需运输系统有三辆车等着你，）和第五段第一句“Ontheway,youcallyourR&Dteam,whoareenvelopingaday'sworkinShanghai.（在路上，你给正在上海忙着一天工作的研发团队打了电话。）”可知，作者是按时间的顺序来组织行文的。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。阅读文章，并根据最后一段“Thisisthefutureanditwillbeheresoonerthanyouthink.（这就是未来，它会比你想象的更早到来。）”可知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了给我们介绍将来的生活。故选B。第二节

(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoTrainGuideDogsintheUKGuidedogsareabighelptoblindpeople.Aguidedoghelpsitsownercrossthestreetanddomanyotherthings.

____16____IntheUnitedKingdomitisorganizationssuchasGuideDogsthatraiseandtrainanimalsforthejob.Here'swhat'sinvolved.▲Preparetheyoungdogforitstraininginitsfirstyearbysocializingitandexposingittoavarietyofdifferentpeople,places,environments,toys,animalsandtransport.____17____Teachitsimplecommandssuchas"sit","come","wait"and"forward".▲

Movethedogtoatrainingcentrewhenitreachesoneyearofage____18____Thecoursewilldevelopitsskillsasaguidedog.Itwillbetaughttoleadapersonwhilerespondingtotheenvironmentsuchasstoopingtocheckforcarsbeforecrossingtheroad.Thedogwillbetestedbystaffmemberswhowearsomethingtocovertheireyespretendingtobeblind.▲

____19____Theadvancedleveltraininginvolvesaprocess.Thedognowguidestheblindpersonaroundbusyareasunderthesupervisionoftheinstructoruntiltheyaresatisfiedthatthedogisreadytobeaguidedogfortheblind.____20____Thentheywillworkasateam.A.Ifthedoghasdonewellatschool,itisreadytomeetitsblindowner.B.Guidedogsareassistancedogstrainedtoleadblindpeoplearound.C.Itincludesmatch-making,hardtraining,andlifetimesupport.D.Begintrainingwhentheyoungdogreachessixweeksold.E.Hereitwillreceiveacourseofreward-basedtraining.F.Movethedogontothefinalstageoftraining.G.Butitisnoteasytobecomeaguidedog.【答案】16.G17.D18.E19.F20.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国训练导盲犬的过程。【16题详解】根据上文“Guidedogsareabighelptoblindpeople.Aguidedoghelpsitsownercrossthestreetanddomanyotherthings.(导盲犬对盲人是一个很大的帮助。导盲犬帮助它的主人过马路和做许多其他的事情)”以及后文“IntheUnitedKingdomitisorganizationssuchasGuideDogsthatraiseandtrainanimalsforthejob.Here'swhat'sinvolved.(在英国，是像导盲犬这样的组织来饲养和训练动物。下面是需要付出什么)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出要成为导盲犬并不容易。故G选项“但是成为导盲犬并不容易”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据上文“Preparetheyoungdogforitstraininginitsfirstyearbysocializingitandexposingittoavarietyofdifferentpeople,places,environments,toys,animalsandtransport.(让幼犬在第一年就做好训练的准备，让它社会化，让它接触各种不同的人、地方、环境、玩具、动物和交通工具)”以及后文“Teachitsimplecommandssuchas"sit","come","wait"and"forward".(教它一些简单的命令，比如“坐下”、“过来”、“等待”和“向前走”)”可知，上文提到幼犬在第一年就做好训练的准备，可知本句是在说明教授幼犬开始训练的时间，故D选项“当幼犬达到六周大时开始训练”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据上文“Movethedogtoatrainingcentrewhenitreachesoneyearofage.(当狗长到一岁时，把它送到训练中心)”可知，本句承接上文说明训练中心的作用：接受基于奖励的培训课程。故E选项“在这里，它将接受基于奖励的培训课程”符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】根据后文“Theadvancedleveltraininginvolvesaprocess.Thedognowguidestheblindpersonaroundbusyareasunderthesupervisionoftheinstructoruntiltheyaresatisfiedthatthedogisreadytobeaguidedogfortheblind.(高级培训涉及一个过程。现在，这只狗在指导员的监督下引导盲人在繁忙的区域附近活动，直到他们满意这只狗可以成为盲人的导盲犬)”可知，后文提到经过本阶段，狗就可以成为导盲犬了，可知是训练的最后阶段。故F选项“把狗移到训练的最后阶段”符合语境，故选F。【20题详解】根据后文“Thentheywillworkasateam.(然后他们将作为一个团队工作)”可知，后文提到导盲犬和主人将作为一个团队工作，可见是狗在训练学校表现良好，准备好去见盲人主人了。故A选项“如果狗在学校表现很好，它已经准备好去见它的盲人主人”符合语境，故选A。第三部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分55分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分,满分30分）阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Yearsago,Ihadaquarrelwithafriendowingtoamisunderstanding.Itwas____21____myfault,butIwasafraidtoadmitthatIwaswrong,sowedidn'tspeakforalongtime.Severalyearslaterwecameacrosseachotheranddecidedtomeetforlunch.Itwasso____22____thatwekeptmeeting.Aftertwoorthreemealstogether,Ifelt____23____toapologiseformypreviousbehaviour.Myexperienceisneverunique.Manypeople____24____apologisingbecausetheideaofadmittingtowrongbehaviourmakesthem____25____uncomfortable.Apologiesforceustoadmittoourselvesthatwedon'talways____26____ourownstandards.Wemightalsofearthatthevictimwon't____27____ourapology.Weallliketo____28____ourselvesasgoodpeople—askind,honestandconsiderate.Forthese____29____,anapologycanbeverydifficulttogive.Givenmy_____30_____,thereisnodoubtthatanapologyisavitaltoolfor_____31_____arelationshiptomakeitfunctionalagain.Usually,a(n)_____32_____apologyiscalledfor,butifthevictimisangryaboutthewrongbehaviour,itmaybemore_____33_____towait,becausetheir_____34_____maypreventthemfromacceptingourapologies.Also,adelay_____35_____anapology'seffectivenessbecauseitconveysthattheoffenderhasreflectedontheir_____36_____.Butaheartfeltapologyhasmorepowerfuleffects,whichcanimproveourmentalhealth

and

repairour_____37_____interpersonalrelationships.

_____38_____,expressingregretandacknowledgingresponsibilityareequallyvital.Without_____39_____,it'sadefenceofyouractions;withoutresponsibility,it'sanexcuse.MyfriendandIhadlunchrecently,15yearsaftermybelatedapology.Admittingthateverythinghadbeenmyfaulthelpedushealourrelationship.We'reboth_____40_____ofhavingourfriendshiptoday.21.A.hardly B.narrowly C.completely D.usually22.A.pleasant B.awkward C.ridiculous D.strange23.A.surprised B.comfortable C.terrible D.forced24.A.advise B.avoid C.appreciate D.advocate25.A.regretfully B.easily C.slightly D.terribly26.A.gobackto B.lookupto C.liveupto D.givewayto27.A.accept B.analyse C.exchange D.check28.A.serve B.view C.tell D.treat29.A.reasons B.contents C.comments D.examples30.A.need B.sense C.experience D.character31.A.developing B.rebuilding C.announcing D.practising32.A.frequent B.permanent C.immediate D.formal33.A.convenient B.effective C.adventurous D.inspiring34.A.anxiety B.curiosity C.anger D.worry35.A.discovers B.records C.supplies D.increases36.A.misdeeds B.reputations C.questions D.decisions37.A.damaged B.disturbed C.required D.disabled38.A.Instead B.Thus C.Meanwhile D.However39.A.challenge B.regret C.expression D.influence40.A.tolerant B.cautious C.enthusiastic D.appreciative【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.D26.C27.A28.B29.A30.C31.B32.C33.B34.C35.D36.A37.A38.C39.B40.D【解析】【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文，作者多年前因为自己的错误和朋友大吵了一架，但是因为作者不敢跟人道歉导致两人很多年没有说话，到后来，作者向朋友道歉。作者在文中分析了人们不愿意道歉的原因，以及道歉的重要性。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：几年前，我和一个朋友因为误解而闹翻了，那完全是我的错，我不敢承认我错了，所以我们很久没有说话。A.hardly几乎不；B.narrowly勉强地；C.completely完全地；D.usually通常地。根据后文“butIwasafraidtoadmitthatIwaswrong”可知完全是作者的错。故选C项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们可以一直见面非常令人愉快。A.pleasant令人愉快的；B.awkward尴尬的；C.ridiculous可笑的；D.strange陌生的。根据后文“thatwekeptmeeting”可知作者和朋友一直在保持见面，这是令人愉快的事情。故选A项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们一起吃过两三顿饭之后，我觉得自己不得不为几年前的行为道歉。A.surprised吃惊的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.terrible糟糕的；D.forced被迫的。自从上次闹翻以后，作者和朋友一直保持联系，为了避免尴尬和保持友谊，作者不得不为许多年前自己的错误行为道歉。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多人避免道歉，因为承认错误的想法会让他们非常不舒服。A.advise建议；B.avoid避免；C.appreciate欣赏；D.advocate倡导。根据后文“uncomfortable”可推知因为承认错误的想法会让他们非常不舒服，所以很多人避免道歉。故选B项。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很多人避免道歉，因为承认错误的想法会让他们非常不舒服。A.regretfully遗憾地；B.easily容易地；C.slightly略微地；D.terribly非常，糟糕地。结合后文“uncomfortable”可知是指道歉让他们感到非常（terribly）不舒服。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：道歉迫使我们向自己承认，我们并不总是能达到自己的标准。A.gobackto回去；B.lookupto尊敬；C.做到，liveupto不辜负；D.givewayto让位于。根据后文“ourownstandards”可知此处指道歉会让我们向自己承认，我们并不总是能达到自己的标准。故选C项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还可能担心对方不会接受我们的道歉。A.accept接受；B.analyze分析；C.exchange交换；D.check检查。结合上文“Wemightalsofear”可知人们不道歉还因为担心对方不会接受自己的道歉。故选A项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都喜欢把自己看作好人——善良、善解人意、有道德。A.serve服务；B.view看作；C.tell告诉；D.treat对待。结合后文“ourselvesasgoodpeople”可知此处为短语view…as…表示“把自己看作好人”。故选B项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于这些原因，道歉是非常困难的。A.reasons原因；B.contents目录；C.comments评论；D.examples例子。结合上文内容可知，上文主要分析了人们不愿意道歉的原因。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就我的经历而言，毫无疑问，道歉是重建关系的重要工具，可以修复关系。A.need需要；B.sense感觉；C.experience经历；D.character性格。根据常识及上文提到的作者和朋友闹翻后道歉的事情可知，应该是根据自己的经历可知，道歉是重建关系的重要工具。故选C项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就我的经历而言，毫无疑问，道歉是重建关系的重要工具，可以修复关系。A.developing培养；B.rebuilding重建；C.announcing宣布；D.practicing练习。根据后文“tomakeitfunctionalagain”可知此处指重建关系。故选B项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常需要立即道歉，但如果对方生气了，那这种做法并不合适。等待可能更有效，因为愤怒阻止了他们接受我们的道歉。A.frequent频繁的；B.permanent永久的；C.immediate立即的；D.formal正式的。此处与后面的“wait”形成对比，指“立即道歉”，故选C项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通常需要立即道歉，但如果对方生气了，那这种做法并不合适。等待可能更有效