山东省济宁市邹城市2024-2025学年高二下学期期中教学质量检测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省济宁市邹城市2024-2025学年高二下学期期中教学质量检测英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19.15.B．£9.18.C．£9.15.答案是C。1.Whathasthewomanbeendoinglately?A.Doinggardening. B.Learningcooking. C.Recyclingrainwater.【答案】C【原文】M:Didyouknowthatreusingrainwatercansignificantlyreduceoverallwaterusageathome?W:I’verecentlystartedcollectingitformykitchengarden.Theplantsgotagooddrinkfromtheraincontainerwhenthereareafewdayswithoutrain.2.Whatdoesthemansayaboutvirtualclassrooms?A.Convenient. B.Expensive. C.Outdated.【答案】A【原文】M:Virtualclassroomsallowstudentsworldwidetolearntogetherinrealtime.Isn’tthatfantastic?Inawayyoucantraveltheworldwhilestayingathome.W:Yeah,let’scomparethepriceswithlocalschools,shallwe?3.Whatdoesthemanplantodotomorrow?A.Takeanathletictest. B.Joinastudygroup. C.Watchasportsrace.【答案】C【原文】M:Whowonyesterday’sraceattheAthletictest?Carmen.Iwantedtowatchit,butIhadastudygrouptoattend.W:Noone.Theracegotcalledoffbecauseoftheweather.It’sduetotakeplacetomorrow.M:I’llmaketimetowatchit.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Cleaningmachines. B.Treeplanting. C.Forestprotection.【答案】B【原文】M:Ireadaboutmachinesbeingusedtoplanttreescomparedtoonepersonplanting,eachmachinecando33%moretrees.W:Soundsgood.Dotheyreallyworkwellthough?Ifso,theycouldreallyspeedupreforestationefforts.5.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Onaskifield. B.Atahospital. C.Inaclassroom.【答案】A【原文】M:I’mgladyoucameback.Iwasn’tsureifyouwouldafteryoufelllasttime.Hittingtheicecanbequitepainful.W:Itwas,butitonlymademewanttogetbetterandtheonlywaytodothatispractice.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatistheman’sconcernaboutworkinginAIfield?A.Itcausesproblems. B.Itchangestoorapidly. C.Itlacksjobopportunities.7.Whatfieldisthemaninterestedin?A.Smarthomes. B.Self-drivingcars. C.Machinelearning.【答案】6.B7.C【原文】M:I’mthinkingaboutworkinginartificialintelligence,butitisabitscarywithallthechanges.W:It’safieldthatalwayschanges,butyouhavetothinkaboutthechancesitgivesustofixrealproblems.M:True,it’sbeenusedmoreandmoreinourdailylives,likeinsmarthomesandself-drivingcars.Indeed,therearelotsofchances.W:Right.Keepingupwithnewstuffandalwayslearningareimportant.Haveyouthoughtaboutwhatareayoulikebest?M:Theideaofmachinesimprovingontheirownisreallyinteresting.There’ssomethingaboutit.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatsurprisesthemanaboutthelibrary?A.Thevarietyofbooks. B.Theextraservices. C.Thelargerooms.9.Whydidthemangotothelibrarylastweek?A.Toimprovehiscomputerskills.B.Toborrowabookontechnology.C.Togivealectureonusingcomputers.10.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends. B.Sellerandbuyer. C.Familymembers.【答案】8.B9.A10.A【原文】M:I’vestartedgoingtothelocallibrarymoreoften,andI’msurprisedbyhowmuchitoffersbesidesbooks.Whatadiscovery.W:Right?Theyhavecomputers,classes,studyandmeetingroomsandroomsforcommunityevents.M:LastweekIwenttoaclassthereonusingcomputersbetteranditwasveryhelpful.Thepeoplewhoworktherereallyhelpeveryonelearn.W:Definitely.Thestaffaregreat.They’llwalkyouthroughusingallthetechnology.Theyalsohaveactivitiesforkidsandolderpeople,whichiswonderfulforfamiliesandkeepsolderpeoplebusy.M:It’sbecomeanimportantplaceinourtown,pluseverythingthereisfree.Shallwegotheretogetherthisweekend?W:Sure,I’llpickyouupfromyourhome.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.Howdidthespeakersgotoschoolwhentheywereyoung?A.Bybike. B.Onfoot. C.Bycar.12.HowdoesthemanfeelaboutJohnnygoingtoschoolalone?A.Concerned. B.Proud. C.Relieved.13.Whatdothespeakersagreeondoing?A.TeachingJohnnytoride.B.BuyingJohnnyabikefirst.C.GivingJohnnychancestoexercise.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【原文】W:Youalsowalkedtoschoolwhenyouwereakid,right,David?M:Yes,walkingtoschoolbuildscharacter.Myparentssaidmydadusedtotellmehowhemarchedtoschooluphillthroughwintersnowandsummerheat.Itwastough,buthesaiditwasagoodthing.Whydoyouask?W:IwasthinkingaboutJohnny.Whenshouldwestartgettinghimtowalkorbiketoschool?M:Youknow,Ithinkmyparentswerekindofright.Butbackthen,sidewalkswerewider,thereweren’tasmanycarsastherearetoday,andpeopledroveslower.Iagreethatfacingsomechallengesisgood,buttimeshavechanged,mydear.W:Sure,butweshouldn’tbetooprotective.It’snoteventwomiles.Alittlechallengewon’thurthim.Wecoulddrivehimonbaddaysandlethimgoonhisownwhentheweatherisfine.Heneedsexerciseandindependence,right?M:MaybewecanridebikesalongwithJohnnyonthoselongsummereveningsbeforeschoolstarts.W:Alright,let’sseehowitgoes.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.WhydidMarisolstartpostingherfoodforestonlineatfirst?A.Toshowherachievement.B.Todocumentherdailylife.C.Toconnectwithothergardeners.15.WhydoesMarisolrecommendbeginnerstostartwithherbs?A.Theyneedlittlecare.B.Theydon’tattractinsects.C.Theyareeasytogrowwell.16.WhatisMarisol’sadviceforsomeonestartingafoodforest?A.Growsmallplants. B.Usethebestsoil. C.Makeplanscarefully.【答案】14.B15.C16.C【原文】M:Marisol,thankstothecolorfulphotosandvideosofyourfantasticfoodforestyoupostedonsocialmedia,thousandsofpeoplehavestartedtoexplorethejoyofgrowingplants.Howandwhydidyoustart?W:ItstartedasapersonaldiaryforrecordingwhatIhaddone.Friendsencouragedmetopostmoreoftenandthenmorepeoplefoundmeanditwentviral.M:Iseeyouhaveavarietyofplants.Whatwouldyourecommendforabeginner?W:Herbswouldbeagoodchoice.They’reveryuseful,growfastandarehardtokill.Theyalsoattractgoodinsectsandcanhelpimprovethesoil.M:Good,whatnewplantsareyouthinkingaboutfornextseason?W:I’lladdsomebushes,strawberriesandsomenuts.Theseshortplantswilladdshadeandinafewyearsproduceatasty,nutritiouscrop.Andafteracoupleofyearsoffailure,Iwilltrygrowingcabbageagain.M:Whatwouldyousaytosomeonethinkingofcreatingtheirownfoodforest?W:Observethearea,whichmeansunderstandingyoursoilandconditions.Startsmallandgoslow.Usespacebothundergroundforrootsandaboveforleaves.Understandeachplant’sneedsandfunctions.M:Inspiring.Welookforwardtolearningmoreaboutyourgrowingjourney.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.WhatmadeBennyspecialtothevolunteersattheanimalshelter?A.Herecoveredfasterthanotheranimals.B.Hesymbolizedhopeandpoweroflove.C.Hewasthefirstdogtheyrescuedthatyear.18.HowdidthecouplekeepintouchwiththespeakeraboutBenny?A.Bymakingvideocallsoccasionally.B.BysharingBenny’sphotosfrequently.C.BytakingBennytherefortrainingregularly.19.Whatdoesthespeakerlearnfromhisexperience?A.Thevalueofpetsinlife.B.Thepowerofstory-telling.C.Theimportanceofvolunteering.20.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Peoplewishingtojointheteam.B.Peoplewantingtoadoptthedogs.C.Peopleplanningtoformarescueteam.【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A【原文】M:Today,asIreflectonmyfirstyearofvolunteeringatthelocalanimalshelter,Iwanttoshareastorythattouchedmyheart.Earlyintheyear,werescuedashy,hurtdognamedBenny.Bennywasmorethanjustanotherrescuedanimal.Hebecameasymbolofhopeandthepowerofloveforus.Aswebroughthimbacktohealth,weallrealizetherewassomethingspecialaboutthisdog.It’shardtoputintowordsthatfeelingofconnectionwithananimal.AllofusputinextracareforBenny.Ashetrustedusmore,hebecamemoreplayfulandsmarterandwouldwaghistail.Hetooktrainingwelltoo.Eventuallywhenhesawayoungcouplecometofindadog.Thenhewaggedhistaillikeneverbefore.Thecouplelovedhimatfirstsightandadoptedhimontheirfirstvisit.Everysooftentheywouldcontactandsendphotosofhim.Iknowasavolunteer,Iamhelpingnotjustanimalsbutpeople.Thisexperiencehasgivenmelessonsonsympathyandteamwork.ItgivesmegreatjoytoknowthatIreallydomakeadifference.Volunteeringhereisn’tjustabouttheanimals,it’saboutbringingustogetherontwolegsorfour,we’reallstrongertogether.Iencourageallofyoutoconsiderjoiningtheteaminsomeway.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AClearwaterMarineAquarium(海洋水族馆)CampsForcampersagedbetween10and18Camp1Learnandobservehowwecareforouranimals.ParticipateinacampQ&Asessionwithadolphincareteammemberwhilelearninghowweteachnewbehaviors.Camp2SetoutonanadventuretodiscovertheplantsandanimalsthatmakeupFlorida’sdiversecoastalecosystemsandobservedifferentecosystemsatalocalnaturepark.Camp3Jointhiscampprogramwhereyoucanlearnmoreaboutthedailyoperationsofanaquarium.Throughthisexperience,camperswillgetaninsidelookatvariousdepartmentsatouraquariumanddiscoverpotentialpathstoenterthiscompetitivefield.Camp4Doyouhavewhatittakestobecomeanoceanguardian?Learnallaboutthemajorissuesfacingcreaturesintheoceanandwhatyoucandotohelpprotectourocean’sfuture.Camperswillalsogethands-onexperiencewithmarineconservationprojects.Price:$240/person/programDuration:June1-5,2025,8:30am-4:00pmJustaReminder:●Campequipmentpacksareavailableforpurchaseatthecheck-in.●Eachcamperwillreceiveacampshirtandapairofshortsonthefirstdayofthecampandisrequestedtowearthemeveryday.●Lunchesmustbepurchasedforthesedays.●Parentsshouldn’tfollow,attend,orvolunteerinourcampprograms.RefundPolicy:Intheeventofacancellation,an80%refundwillbeissuedifthewrittencancellationrequestisreceived15daysormorebeforethefirstdayofthecamp.Cancellations14to5dayspriortothecampstartwillreceivearefundof50%ofthecost.Cancellations4-0daysbeforethecampstartwon’treceivearefund.Visitourwebsiteattoregister.21.Whichcampisthemosthelpfulforfutureworkinanaquarium?A.Camp1. B.Camp2. C.Camp3. D.Camp4.22.Whatshouldbenotedaboutthecampprograms?A.Theyrequireuniformclothing.B.Theyprovidecampequipmentforfree.C.Theyallowparentstoaccompanycampers.D.Theypermitcamperstobringpackedlunches.23.Howmuchistherefundifyoucancel10daysbeforethecamp?A.$240. B.$192. C.$120. D.$48.【答案】21.C22.A23.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了清水海洋水族馆的营地活动相关信息。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据Camp3的介绍“Jointhiscampprogramwhereyoucanlearnmoreaboutthedailyoperationsofanaquarium.Throughthisexperience,camperswillgetaninsidelookatvariousdepartmentsatouraquariumanddiscoverpotentialpathstoenterthiscompetitivefield.(加入这个营地计划，您可以了解更多关于水族馆日常运营的信息。通过这次体验，营员将深入了解我们水族馆的各个部门，并发现进入这个竞争领域的潜在途径)”可知，Camp3最有助于未来在水族馆的工作，因为它提供了了解水族馆日常运营和各部门的机会。故选C。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据JustaReminder部分的“Eachcamperwillreceiveacampshirtandapairofshortsonthefirstdayofthecampandisrequestedtowearthemeveryday.(每位营员将在夏令营的第一天收到一件营服和一条短裤，并被要求每天穿着它们)”可知，夏令营要求统一着装。故选A。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据RefundPolicy部分的“Cancellations14to5dayspriortothecampstartwillreceivearefundof50%ofthecost.(若在夏令营开始前14天至5天取消，将退还50%的费用)”可知，在营地开始前14到5天取消，将获得费用的50%退款。已知价格是$240/person/program，那么$240×50%=$120。所以如果在营地开始前10天取消，可获得$120的退款。故选C。BIwasalwaysthetypeofindividualwhohatedbeingcalledoninclass.Itwasnotduetoalackofknowledge—Iwas,infact,quitegoodatgraspingthematerial.Rather,Idislikedthespotlightbeingcastuponme.Moreover,Ihadfewfriends,andbeingoverweightsincechildhoodoftenmademethetargetofjokes.I’vefoundawaytochangeallthat.ItbeganwhenateachersuggestedthatItryoutforthebasketballteam.Initially,Ididn’ttaketheideaseriouslyatall.Beingchubby(圆胖的),IjustknewthatI’donlyembarrassmyself.Butbecausetheteacher—afavoritewithme—keptinsistingI“goforit”,Idecidedtogiveitatry.WhenIfirststartedattendingthepracticesessions,Ireallydidn’thaveagoodhandleonthegameofbasketball.Tobehonest,therulesofthegamewereamysterytome.Luckily,Iwasn’ttheonlyone“new”tothegame,soIresolvedtodomybestateachpracticesession.Iwaslearning,andIwasgettingbetterevenifitwaslittlebylittle.Thenitbecamemorefunandmoremotivating.Ipracticedandpracticed.Prettysoonthecompetitivepartofmewaswinningovermychubby-kidcomplex.IbegantoforgetthatIwaschubby.Ievendiscoveredthatmy“size”wasn’tsuchadisadvantageatall;Icouldmakeabasketfromrightunderthenetandblockatthesametime!Gainingself-confidenceinplayinginspiredmetotryoutotherthings.Ihavegonefrom“hiding”myselftoraisingmyhand.Withmynewandimprovedself-confidencecomemorepraises,somefromteachers,andsomefromteammatesandclassmates.Butthesedays,theyalsocomefromthefaceinthemirror—whichisthe“person”whosecommentsIvaluemost.Bestofall,I’mlearningtoreallybelieveinmyself.24.Whydidtheauthordislikebeingaskedinclass?A.Hecouldn’tfigureouttheanswers. B.Hefeltuneasyaboutbeingnoticed.C.Hefoundtheteachingstyleunappealing. D.Hewasengagedindevelopingfriendships.25.Howdidtheauthorfeelonhearingtheteacher’ssuggestion?A.Uninterested. B.Misguided. C.Appreciative. D.Confused.26.Howdidplayingbasketballbenefittheauthor?A.Hedroppedquiteabitofweight. B.Helearnedhowtocooperate.C.Hedevelopedafunnypersonality. D.Hebecamesureofhimself.27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.UnlockingConfidencewithTeamwork B.TheSecrettoCompetitiveSportsSpiritC.AChubbyKid’sJourneyofGrowth D.TheLifelongInfluenceofaTeacher【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述胖男孩因篮球从自卑变得自信的成长经历。【24题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Itwasnotduetoalackofknowledge—Iwas,infact,quitegoodatgraspingthematerial.Rather,Idislikedthespotlightbeingcastuponme.(这不是因为缺乏知识——事实上，我非常擅长掌握材料。相反，我不喜欢聚光灯照在我身上。)”可推知，作者不喜欢在课堂上被提问不是因为知识不足，而是不喜欢被关注，也就是被注意到会让他感到不安。故选B。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Initially,Ididn’ttaketheideaseriouslyatall.Beingchubby(圆胖的),IjustknewthatI’donlyembarrassmyself.(起初，我根本没有把这个想法当回事。由于身材圆胖，我只知道我只会让自己出丑。)”可知，作者最初对老师的建议并不感兴趣。故选A。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Gainingself-confidenceinplayinginspiredmetotryoutotherthings.Ihavegonefrom‘hiding’myselftoraisingmyhand.Withmynewandimprovedself-confidencecomemorepraises...Bestofall,I’mlearningtoreallybelieveinmyself.(在打球过程中获得的自信激励着我去尝试其他的事情。我从总是“隐藏”自己变成了主动举手回答问题。随着我自信心的提升，我得到了更多的赞扬……。最棒的是，我正在学会真正地相信自己。)”可知，打篮球让作者获得了自信，从“隐藏”自己到主动举手，学会了真正相信自己。故选D。【27题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段的“Iwasalwaysthetypeofindividualwhohatedbeingcalledoninclass.Itwasnotduetoalackofknowledge—Iwas,infact,quitegoodatgraspingthematerial.Rather,Idislikedthespotlightbeingcastuponme.(我一直是那种讨厌在课堂上被点名的人。这并不是因为我知识匮乏——实际上，我很擅长理解所学内容。相反，我讨厌成为众人瞩目的焦点。)”以及最后一段的“Gainingself-confidenceinplayinginspiredmetotryoutotherthings.Ihavegonefrom“hiding”myselftoraisingmyhand.(在打球方面获得的自信激励着我去尝试其他事情。我从总是“躲着”不表现自己，变成了主动举手。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者这个胖男孩，从一开始在课堂上不喜欢被关注、自卑，到在老师建议下尝试打篮球，逐渐在篮球练习和比赛中获得自信，实现自我成长的过程。因此最好的标题是“一个胖孩子的成长之旅”。故选C。CSight,hearing,“mental”processing...manyrobotsalreadyhavealltheseproperties,buttouchwasoneofthedebtsoftheroboticworld.AteamofChineseexpertshasdevelopedanewrobotthatiscapableoftouchingleavesofplantswithanelectrode(电极)。Ratherthanmakephysicalcontactwithaplant,existingdevicesobtainrelativelylimitedinformationusingvisualapproaches,whichareeasilyinfluencedbyfactorssuchaslightingconditions.SoSongZhongqianandhisteamdevelopedanewrobotthattouchesplantsusinganapproachinspiredbyhumanskin,withstructuresworkingtogetherinahierarchical(分层的)waytogaininformationthroughtouch.Whenanelectrodeintherobotmakescontactwithaleaf,thedevicelearnsabouttheplantbymeasuringseveralproperties.Thepropertiesincludetheamountofchargethatcanbestoredatagivenvoltage(电压),howdifficultitisfortheelectricalcurrenttomovethroughtheleaf,andthecontactforceastherobotgraspstheleaf.Next,thesedataareprocessedinordertoclassifytheplant,sincedifferentdataforeachmeasurementrelatetodifferentplantspeciesandstagesofgrowth.“Therobothascertaindemerits,despitethefactthatitshowsvastpotentialapplicationsinfieldsrangingfromecologicalstudiestoplantdiseasedetection,”saysSong.Forexample,thedeviceisnotyetcapableenoughtoconsistentlyidentifytypesofplantswithcomplicatedstructureslikeneedle-likeleaves.Thiscouldbeaddressedbyimprovingthedesignoftherobot’selectrode.Theresearchersplantoexpandmoreplantstherobotcanrecognizebycollectingdatafromawidervarietyofspecies,boostingtheplantspeciesdatabasetheyuse.Eventually,farmersandagriculturalresearcherscouldusetherobottomonitorthehealthandgrowthofcropsandtomaketailoreddecisionsabouthowmuchwaterandnutritiontogivetheirplantsandhowtoapproachthecontrolofannoyinginsects.28.Howisthenewrobotdifferentfromexistingdevices?A.Itadoptsvisualtechnologytorecognizeplants. B.Itworksunderspecificlightingconditions.C.Itcollectsphysicalinformationofplants. D.Itusestheelectrodetotouchplants.29.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph3?A.Theprocessoftherobotidentifyingplants. B.Theuniquenessofplants’electricalproperties.C.Thecomplexityofgatheringplants’properties. D.Thecriticalstagesduringplants’growingperiod.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demerits”inParagraph4mean?A.Significance. B.Flexibility. C.Limitations. D.Functions.31.Howwilltherobothelpfarmersandagriculturalresearchersinthefuture?A.Byreplacinghumanlaborinagriculture. B.Bydevelopingvariousplantspecies.C.Bydiscoveringunidentifiedinsects. D.Byfacilitatingcropmanagement.【答案】28.D29.A30.C31.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国专家研发的新型触觉机器人。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“AteamofChineseexpertshasdevelopedanewrobotthatiscapableoftouchingleavesofplantswithanelectrode(电极)。(一个中国专家团队研发出了一款新型机器人，这款机器人能够用电极触碰植物的叶子)”以及第二段的“Ratherthanmakephysicalcontactwithaplant,existingdevicesobtainrelativelylimitedinformationusingvisualapproaches,whichareeasilyinfluencedbyfactorssuchaslightingconditions.(现有设备不是与植物进行物理接触，而是使用视觉方法获取相对有限的信息，这些方法很容易受到照明条件等因素的影响)”可知，新型机器人与现有设备的不同之处在于它使用电极触摸植物。故选D。【29题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Whenanelectrodeintherobotmakescontactwithaleaf,thedevicelearnsabouttheplantbymeasuringseveralproperties.Thepropertiesincludetheamountofchargethatcanbestoredatagivenvoltage(电压),howdifficultitisfortheelectricalcurrenttomovethroughtheleaf,andthecontactforceastherobotgraspstheleaf.Next,thesedataareprocessedinordertoclassifytheplant,sincedifferentdataforeachmeasurementrelatetodifferentplantspeciesandstagesofgrowth.(当机器人中的电极与叶子接触时，该设备通过测量几种特性来了解植物。这些特性包括在给定电压下可以储存的电荷量，电流通过叶子的困难程度，以及机器人抓住叶子时的接触力。接下来，对这些数据进行处理，以便对植物进行分类，因为每次测量的不同数据与不同的植物种类和生长阶段有关。)”可知，本段主要讲述了机器人识别植物的过程。故选A。【30题详析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“despitethefactthatitshowsvastpotentialapplicationsinfieldsrangingfromecologicalstudiestoplantdiseasedetection,”saysSong.Forexample,thedeviceisnotyetcapableenoughtoconsistentlyidentifytypesofplantswithcomplicatedstructureslikeneedle-likeleaves.Thiscouldbeaddressedbyimprovingthedesignoftherobot’selectrode.(尽管事实上它在从生态学研究到植物病害检测等领域显示出巨大的潜在应用，”Song说。例如，该设备还不足以始终如一地识别具有针状叶子等复杂结构的植物类型。这可以通过改进机器人电极的设计来解决。)”可知，尽管机器人有很大的应用潜力，但也有不足，比如不能很好地识别复杂结构的植物。所以demerits意思是“局限性”。故选C。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Eventually,farmersandagriculturalresearcherscouldusetherobottomonitorthehealthandgrowthofcropsandtomaketailoreddecisionsabouthowmuchwaterandnutritiontogivetheirplantsandhowtoapproachthecontrolofannoyinginsects.(最终，农民和农业研究人员可以利用该机器人来监测农作物的健康和生长状况，并就给予植物多少水分和营养，以及如何防治恼人的害虫做出量身定制的决策)”可知，未来该机器人将通过促进作物管理来帮助农民和农业研究人员。故选D。DIfyou’veeverfoundyourselfscratching(挠)yourheadoveradecisionwhentheanswerisobvious,nowthere’sascientificreasonbehindit.“Theproblemis‘decisionfatigue’—apsychologicalphenomenonthatinfluencesthequalityofyourchoicesafteralongdayofdecision-making,causingindecisionorpoorchoices,”saysEvanPolman,assistantprofessorofmarketingattheWisconsinSchoolofBusiness.Physicianswhohavebeenonthejobforseveralhours,forexample,aremorelikelytoprescribeantibiotics(开抗生素)topatientswhenit’sunwisetodoso.“Probablyit’sbecauseit’ssimpleandeasytowriteaprescriptionandconsiderapatientcaseclosedratherthaninvestigatefurther,”Polmansays.Butinterestingly,decisionfatiguewon’tbeanissuewhenyou’remakingchoicesonanother’sbehalf.Bytakingupontheroleofadviserratherthandecisionmaker,onedoesnotsuffertheconsequencesofdecisionfatigue.It’sasifthere’ssomethingfunandrelievingaboutmakingsomeoneelse’schoice.Gettingthebestadvice,however,willrelyonthepersonalityofyouradviser.Surprisingly,thebestpersontoaskissomeonerelativelycool-headedtoyourcircumstances;someonewhodoubtsothersandthinkshighlyofthemselves.That’sbecauseapersonwhocaresdeeplyaboutotherscanalsosufferfromdecisionfatiguewhenadvisingothers,presentingthepotentialforbadadvice.“Forexample,researchhasfoundthatnurseswhoareparticularlyhighinsympathyexperiencecareerburnoutmoreoftenthannurseswhoarelesssympathetic,”Polmansays.Gettinginputfromothersnotonlyoffersafreshperspectiveandthoughtprocess,itoftenalsoincludesriskierchoices.Whilethissoundsundesirable,itcanbequitegood.“Peoplewithdecisionfatiguewilllikelychoosetogowiththecurrentsituation,whileachangeinthecourseofactioncansometimesleadtoapositiveoutcome.”hesays.“That’snottosaythatriskisalwaysgood,butitisrelatedtotakingactionwhiledecisionfatiguecertainlyleadstoinaction.”32.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofdecisionfatigue?A.Alawyermakesweakerjudgmentsafteradayofcases.B.Amanagerapprovesaprojectwithoutthoroughreview.C.Acheffollowstheusualrecipetomakeaneveningmeal.D.Aphysicianadvisesapatienttodrinkwateraftercheck-up.33.Whendopeopleexperiencelessdecisionfatigue?A.Whentheytakedecisionshortcuts. B.Whentheyguideothers’decisions.C.Whentheyencountermajorchoices. D.Whentheyhaveadviserstoturnto.34.Whatmakesabetteradviseraccordingtothetext?A.Experienceingivingadvice. B.Deepsympathyforothers.C.Particularnursingprofessions. D.Lessemotionalinvolvement.35.WhatdoesPolmansayabouttakingrisksindecision-making?A.Itoftenendsinregret. B.Itpromotestakingaction.C.Itencouragescreativity. D.Itcausesseriousconsequences.【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了决策疲劳的心理现象、其影响及如何通过他人建议缓解这一问题。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中““Theproblemis‘decisionfatigue’—apsychologicalphenomenonthatinfluencesthequalityofyourchoicesafteralongdayofdecision-making,causingindecisionorpoorchoices,”saysEvanPolman,assistantprofessorofmarketingattheWisconsinSchoolofBusiness.(威斯康星大学商学院市场营销助理教授埃文・波尔曼表示：“问题在于‘决策疲劳’——这是一种心理现象，在经历了一整天的决策之后，它会影响你做出选择的质量，导致犹豫不决或做出糟糕的选择。”)”可知，决策疲劳是一种在长时间决策后影响选择质量，导致优柔寡断或糟糕选择的心理现象。A选项中“一名律师在处理了一天的案件后做出了较弱的判断”，符合长时间决策后出现判断质量下降的情况，是决策疲劳的例子。故选A。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Butinterestingly,decisionfatiguewon’tbeanissuewhenyou’remakingchoicesonanother’sbehalf.Bytakingupontheroleofadviserratherthandecisionmaker,onedoesnotsuffertheconsequencesofdecisionfatigue.(但有趣的是，当你代表他人做选择时，决策疲劳就不会成为问题。通过扮演顾问而不是决策者的角色，一个人不会遭受决策疲劳的后果。)”可知，当人们指导他人的决策时，经历的决策疲劳较少。故选B。【34题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Gettingthebestadvice,however,willrelyonthepersonalityofyouradviser.Surprisingly,thebestpersontoaskissomeonerelativelycool-headedtoyourcircumstances;someonewhodoubtsothersandthinkshighlyofthemselves.That’sbecauseapersonwhocaresdeeplyaboutotherscanalsosufferfromdecisionfatiguewhenadvisingothers,presentingthepotentialforbadadvice.(然而，获得最好的建议取决于顾问的性格。令人惊讶的是，最适合询问的人是那些相对冷静的人，那些怀疑他人且自视甚高的人。这是因为一个非常关心他人的人在给他人提供建议时，也可能会遭受决策疲劳的困扰，从而有可能给出糟糕的建议。)”可推知，情感卷入较少的人能成为更好的顾问。故选D。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Peoplewithdecisionfatiguewilllikelychoosetogowiththecurrentsituation,whileachangeinthecourseofactioncansometimesleadtoapositiveoutcome.”hesays.“That’snottosaythatriskisalwaysgood,butitisrelatedtotakingactionwhiledecisionfatiguecertainlyleadstoinaction.”(“有决策疲劳的人很可能会选择维持现状，而行动过程中的改变有时会带来积极的结果。”他说，“这并不是说冒险总是好的，但它与采取行动有关，而决策疲劳肯定会导致不作为。”)”可推知，波尔曼认为在决策中冒险能促进采取行动。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manythinkthatlanguageiswhatsetshumansapartfromotheranimals,andthatforustothink,languageisanessentialprecondition.BertrandRussell,aBritishphilosopher,evenclaimedthatnointelligentthinkingcantakeplacewithoutlanguage.___36___Itfoundthatlanguageandthoughtaretwodistinctentities(实体),workinginseparatepartsofthebrain.Theyare,inshort,farmoreindependentthanweimagined.Theresearchersexploredthelanguage-thoughtrelationshipthroughtworesearchapproaches.___37___Theyaskedthesepeopletosolvemathproblemsorperformsocialreasoningtestsaslongastheinstructionswerenon-verbal.However,allthesubjectscouldstillcompletecomplextasks.Theresearchersalsousedbrain-imagingtoolstostudythebrainsofhealthyvolunteersastheyperformednon-verbaltasks,likesolvingpuzzlesandplanning.Itwasfoundthatthebrain’slanguageregionsweremostlyinactiveduringsuchactivities.___38___So,iflanguageisn’tneces