第二章第4讲-情态动词否定句-学案

第二章语法复习第4讲情态动词&否定句学习目标1.掌握情态动词的基本概念和用法。2.掌握肯定句变否定句解题方法。【进门测试】一、单选题1．We______eatordrinkinthelibrary.(

)A．mustn’t B．should C．must2．Todayisrainy.Theweatherissobad.You_____gobybus.(

)A．can B．can’t C．aregoingto3．Ican’tsleep,soyou______bequietand_____cry.(

)A．should;should B．should;shouldn’t C．shouldn’t;shouldn’t4．Mybrother_____useputerswhenhewasatschool.(

)A．can’t B．couldn’t C．wasn’t5．Cantheboy_________Chinese?(

)A．say B．speak C．speaks6．I_______useaputerlastyear.(

)A．can B．can’t C．couldn’t7．_______Ihavesomejuice?()A．Would B．Can C．May8．_______youpleasegivemeapencil?()A．Can B．Could C．May9．—Whocanhelpme?(

)—Sorry,I______.A．can B．can’t C．do10．Theboy_______rideabike,butthegirl_______.(

)A．could;couldn’t B．could;didn’t C．couldn’t;did D．didn’t;could11．There______anypeopleintheparkyesterdaymorning.(

)A．weren’t B．wasn’t C．wereno12．Thisbicycleistoobig.Myfeet_____theground.(

)A．don’tfeel B．don’ttouch C．doesn’tfeel D．doesn’ttouch二、改写句子13．Youcanfindmuseums.(变为否定句)_________________________________________________14．PeopleinTokyoloveeatingsushi.(变为否定句)_________________________________________________15．A:I’mgoingtovisitafarmthisSunday.(变否定句)B:____________tovisitafarmthisSunday.16．MymotherwatchesTVeveryday.(改为否定句)_______________________________________17．Amywentskatinglastwinterholiday.(改为否定句)Amy____________skatinglastwinterholiday.18．Weenjoyedourstay.(改为否定句)___________________________19．Wecansinganddance.(改为否定句)We____sing____dance.20．LastweekIwenttomygrandma’shome.(改为否定句)LastweekI__________tomygrandma’shome.【多元导学】IcanIcanplaybasketball.IcanIcanplaytennis.【互动精讲】知识点一（情态动词）【知识梳理1】情态动词的定义：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。如：

You

should

go

home

after

school.

They

must

do

their

homework

in

the

evening.

May

I

speak

to

Helen?

【知识梳理2】情态动词的分类：情态动词词义否定形式否定词义can能够，会can’t不能，不会could能够，会couldn’t不能，不会may可以maynot可能不must必须mustn’t不允许，不能shall将，要shallnot不得，不应该should应该shouldn’t不应该need需要needn’t不必would将会，愿wouldn’t 不会，不愿【知识梳理3】有一定的词义，但不能单独做谓语，必须和行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。无人称和数的变化（haveto例外，如在一般现在时态下用于第三人称单数时用hasto）。后接动词原形，即不带to的不定式。具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简单答语。例：①Icannotswimverywell.②—Canyouswimverywell?—Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.【知识梳理4】情态动词的用法:can的用法can表示能力，意思是“能，会”。后面直接跟动词原形，用于一切人称和数。can的否定形式为cannot，其缩写为“can’t。如：WecanspeakmuchEnglishnow.我们现在能说英语了。2)表示许可，意思是“可以”。如：YoucanwatchTVaftersupper.晚饭后你可以看电视。如：Youcanstayhereforanothersixweeks.你可以再待在这儿六个月。3)和can相关的常用句型a）CanIhelpyou?Yes,please./No,thanks.b）CanIborrowyourbook?Yes,ofcourse.c）CanIwriteonthebook?No,youcan’t\mustn’t.【例题精讲】例1：Isithardforyoutofinishtoday’shomeworkyourself?No.I_________doit.A.need B.may C.can D.must例2：______Itryonthoseshoesinthewindow?______.Theyarejustonshow.A.Could;Yes,youcanB.Can;Sorry,youcouldn’tC.Could;Sorry,youcan’tD.Can;Yes,youcouldmay的用法表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。例1：It’salreadysix.Youmaygonow.现在已经六点了，你可以走了。例2：MayIuseyourputer?我用一下你的电脑可以吗？回答以may开头的疑问句有如下表达法：例MayIsmokehereYes,youmay/can.\Yes,please.No,youcan’t.\No,youmustn’t.\No,you’dbetternot(最好不要).3）和may相关的常见句型a）MayIein?ein,please.b）MayIsithere?Yes,please.\Sorry,pleasedon’t.c）MayIhavesomeCoke?Yes,ofcourse.d）May/Could/CanIspeaktoTom?Speaking.Who’scalling?【例题精讲】例1：Doyouhaveanyplansforthisweekend?I'mnotsure.I______goclimbingMountYuntai.A.mustB.needC.mayD.canMust/haveto的用法1、must表示说话人的主观意志，表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。现在式与过去式同形。否定句中用mustn’t表示禁止。例：①Imustgotoschooltoday.今天我必须上学去。

②HetoldmeImustn’tleaveuntilmymothercame.他告诉我，在我母亲回来之前我不许离开。

2、must表示推测，“一定是”、“准是”，一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否定句中一般用can,否定句中can’t表示“不可能”。例：①Theymustbeverytired.Letthemhavearest.他们一定是非常疲劳了。让他们休息一会儿吧。

②Jackdoesn’tlookwell.Hemustbeill.杰克看上去气色不太好。他一定是病了。③Thatcan’tbetheonlywaytosolvetheproblem.那不可能是解决问题的唯一办法。④Jane’slightison.Shemustbeathome.Shecan’tbeout.简的房间里开着灯。她一定在家，不会出去的。3、以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must；否定回答则常用needn’t，意为“不需要，不必”，相当于don’thaveto.例：MustIfinishtheworktoday？Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t(don’thaveto).must和haveto意思都是“必须”，常可以互换使用。但haveto用于强调客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”；must用于表示主观意愿，意为“必须”。例：①We’llhavetoaskZhangHonginstead.我们必须去请张红代替了。②Wemustworkhardatschool.我们在学校必须努力学习。【例题精讲】例1：Whoseisthepencilbox? It_______beTom's.Lookathisnameonthecover!A.canB.mayC.mustD.need例2：_______Iturndowntheradionow?No,you.A.Must;mustn’t B.Must;needn’t C.Need;can’t D.Need;won’t例3：—Dad,mustwewaituntilthelightbeesgreen?—Yes,I'mafraidwe______.That’sthetrafficrule.A.canB.mayC.havetoD.needshall和should的用法should、shouldn’t表示劝告：

例如Heshouldgetupearly.例如Sheshouldn’tplayputergametoomuch.shall用于第一人称(I,we),可以表示“将”和表示建议“……好吗?”例如Whereshallwehavedinner?例如Shallwegofishing?Allright./OK./Goodidea.need的用法need表示需要后可接动词原形.例如：Heneedgotoschooltoday.Heneedn’tgotoschooltomorrow.5.would的用法1).Would表示建议“你愿意…吗”

Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?Yes,I’dloveto./I’dloveto.ButI’mbusynow.Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?Yes,I’dlike…知识点二（否定句）【知识梳理1】否定句的定义：含有否定词not的句子。例如：Iamnotastudent.我不是一位学生。Icannotplaybasketball.我不会打篮球。【知识梳理2】肯定句变否定句的方法：1）含be动词和情态动词型，直接在be动词和情态动词后加not，其它照抄不变。be动词包括：amisarewaswere。常见的情态动词有cancouldmaymustshouldneed等。例如：（1）Iamastudent. Iamnotastudent.（2）Hewasateachertenyearsago.Hewasn’tateachertenyearsago.（3）IcanspeakEnglish.Ican’tspeakEnglish.2）含实意动词型，转换为否定句时，记住五字“一加一还原”的原则。“一加”即在实意动词前加助动词的否定don't，doesn't或didn't。“一还原”即把句中的实意动词变回原形。注意：在一般现在时中，当主语是第一、二人称或复数时，加don't来否定；当主语是第三人称单数时，加doesn't来否定;在一般过去时中，一律用didn't来否定。例如：（1）Ilikeapples.Idon’tlikeapples.（2）Helikesapples.Hedoesn’tlikeapples.（3）Sheworkedlastnight.Shedidn’tworklastnight.3)肯定句变否定句的特殊情况：注意：遇到some变any；遇到too/also变either遇到and变or；遇到always变never例如：（1）Therearesomeboysintheclassroom.Therearen’tanyboysintheclassroom.Thegirlcansinganddance.Thegirlcan’tsingordance.【课堂检测】一、单选题1．—You________dothat!Wecanputtherubbish________thebin.(

)—I'msorry.A．should;with B．shouldn’t;to C．shouldn’t;in2．You’regoodfriends.You____________helpeachother.(

)A．shouldn’t B．should C．can’t3．I_______rideabike,butI_______driveacar.(

)A．can;can B．can’t;can’t C．can;can’t4．—_______Tomreadbookswellwhenhewasachild?(

)—I’mafraidnot.Buthereallydoesitwellnow.A．Can B．May C．Could D．Will5．He_____look_____hissisterandplayedwithherwell.(

)A．could;at B．can;after C．could;after D．can;at6．Lookatthissign.You______runontheroad.It’sdangerous.()A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．must D．mustn’t7．I_______rideabiketenyearsago,butnowIridetoschooleveryday.(

)A．can’t B．didn’t C．couldn’t D．don’t8．“No_______”meansyou_______parkyourcarhere.(

)A．parking;can B．park;can’tC．parking;can’t D．park;maynot9．Tenyearsago,he______drivecars______horses.(

)A．doesn’t;and B．can't;and C．couldn’t;or D．can;or10．We________useglassbottles.We________usetoomanyplasticbottles.(

)A．should;should B．shouldn’t;should C．should;shouldn’t D．shouldn’t;shouldn’t11．—________Igotobednow?(

)—No,youcan’t.You________brushyourteethbeforebedtime.A．Can;must B．Must;must C．Can;can’t12．—What_________yourbrotherdo?()—Hecanswim.A．can B．must C．should D．would13．You_______watchTV.You_______gotobednow.It'stoolate.()A．can;must B．can't;must C．mustn't;can D．can;mustn't14．“Keepoffthegrass”meanswe_________walkonthegrass.(

)A．can B．shouldn’t C．must D．should15．_________youseetheredman?You_________crosstheroad.(

)A．Can;mustn’t B．Must;mustn’t C．Can;must16．Mygrandpaisseventyyearsold,buthe_______walkfast.(

)A．can B．must C．can’t D．shouldn’t17．‘Noparking.’meanswe_______parkourcarshere.(

)A．can B．shouldn’t C．must D．should18．I________openthedoornow.ButI________openitjustnow.(

)A．can’t,couldn’t B．can,could C．can,couldn’t19．We_______litterintheclassroom.(

)A．should B．shouldnot C．can D．could20．We_______anydancingclassesonFriday.(

)A．arehaving B．aren’thaving C．don’thave D．arehave21．Thetwo________showedthekinghisnewclothes,buthe_______them.(

)A．man;couldn’tsaw B．girl;can’tsaw C．men;couldn’tsee D．woman;saw22．Theboy’sfather______angrybecausehe______dohishomework.(

)A．was;wasn’t B．is;isn’t C．was;didn’t23．Thetoyplaneflewtoohighandwe________hold________it.(

)A．can’t;onto B．couldn’t;onto C．could;on24．Theboyshouted,"There__________________waterleftinthebottle.I’msothirsty."(

)A．isn’t;any B．is;no C．is;little D．A,BandC二、用单词正确形式填空25．You_____(must)stopyourcaratzebracrossings.26．I_____(cannot)drawwhenIwasthreeyearsold.27．You_________(must)playballgamesontheroad.28．Look!LiuTao_________(can)playbasketballverywell.29．We_______(should)throwrubbishanywhere.30．Tom________(can)playfootball.He________(look)sad.31．There_____(be)anymilkinthefridge.32．Tom___________(nothave)breakfastyesterdaymorning.33．It’sseveno’clock.David__________(brush)histeeth.Jack__________(notclean)theroom.34．She__________(notlike)opera.35．I__________(not)thinkso.36．They__________(nothave)ameetingyesterday.三、选词/短语填空37．Hereistheredlightnow.We________(can/can’t)________(cross/across)theroad.38．She___________(can’t/can)walk,sheistooyoung.39．—_____(Can/Must)heswimintheswimmingpool?—Yes,hemust.40．—_____(Can/Must)Tomfinishhishomeworknow?—No,heneedn't.41．—_____(Can/Must)Iwatchthefilmwithmyfriendthisafternoon,Mum?—Yes,you_____(can/must).Butyou_____(can/must)cleanyourbedroomfirst.Itissomessy.42．People_____(can't/mustn't)takephotosinsomespecialmuseums.四、改写句子43．Mikegetsuplateinthemorning.(用never改为否定句)Mike________uplateinthemorning.44．Mymotherwokemeupyesterdaymornin