浙江省衢州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题（含答案）

第第页浙江省衢州市2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题一、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项.CHI'sAcademicYearProgram(AYP)isyourchancetostudyinAmericaandspendeitheranacademicyearorasemesterlivingwithavolunteerhostfamily.TherequirementsforstudyinginAmerica:●Highschoolstudentswhoareaged15to18●Ascoreofatleast212ontheELTISexam●ApplicationContactapartneragencyinyourhomeoranearbycountry.Wecanalsosendyoualistofpartnersnearyou.Theywillsetyouupwithanapplicationandletyouknowwhatyouneedtosubmitinordertobeconsidered.●AdmissionandvisaOurAdmissionsDepartmentreviewsandacceptsyourapplication.WeissueandsendyouragencytheFormas-2019,whichistheofficialUSDepartmentofStatedocumentthatallowsyoutoapplyforandreceiveyourJ-1visa.OnceyoureceivetheDS-2019,youcanmakeyourvisaappointment.Whenthevisaisgranted,youareallsettotraveltoAmerica.●HomestayzksqMeanwhile,ourFieldandOperationsstaffworkhardtofindyoutheperfectfamilyandschoolassoonaspossible!Oncewefindtherighthostfamilyforyou,youcanstarttogettoknowyourfamilybyemail.●DeparttotheUSandmeetyourfamilyandfriendsYouragencywillbookyourflightaccordingtoyourschoolstartdate.Whenyouarrive,wewillgiveyouastudentorientation(迎新会)andintroduceyoutootherexchangestudentsandthesurroundingcommunity.Whenschoolstarts,youwillbegintheprocessofculturalexchange!Contactus:1-800-432-4643;1-415-459-5397Location:255WEndAvenueSanRafael,CA949011．Whocantakepartinthishomestayproject?A．ThoseinterestedinAmericanculture.B．Collegestudentswith220ontheELTISexam.C．14-year-oldstudentswithgoodgradedatschool.D．17-year-oldhighschoolstudentswith212ontheELTISexam.2．Howdothestudentsapplyforthisproject?A．Call-800-432-4643.B．Contactapartneragencyintheircountry.C．VisitCHI'swebsiteandfilloutanonlineapplication.D．ApplyinpersonatCHI'sheadquartersinSanRafael.3．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanwemostprobablyfindthearticle?A．Tourism. B．Science. C．Education. D．Entertainment.阅读理解Theotherday,Dino,ourneighboracrosstheroad,sawmeinfrontofournewhomeinItalyandcalledout,"Goodevening!"HisEnglish,thoughlimited,ismuchbetterthanmyItalian."YouOK?"heasked.Hehadgreetedmebefore,usuallywithagoodmorningoragoodevening.Once,seeinghimtryingtofixatallstreetlamp,I'dheldtheladderforhimtoclimb.Butthatwasprettymuchitforus:ageneralairoffriendliness,nothingmore.I'djustconcluded46yearslivinginNewYorkCity.ButnowI'mlivinginatowninItaly'sPugliaregion,andeveryonehereexceptmyfamilyisastranger.And,livinginthecountrysideaswedo,I'vestartedtosensepainsofbeingdisconnected.ThismomentthereforeseemedanopportunitytogettoknowDinoalittle.Icouldhavestayedbehindourgatestotalkwithhimthroughhisgates.ButinsteadIwentacrosstheroadtowardhim.IstoodinthestreettalkingwithDinoandhiswife,Grazia—IinEnglish,theyinItalian.Oneminutelatertheyinvitedmeinforatour.Herewasafigtree,bearingripefigs.Dinopickedafewofthefruits,toreoneinhalf,andputone-halfinhismouth.Hehandedmetheotherhalfandsignaledtometofollowsuit,andIdid."Delicious!"Ideclared.IoncesawawonderfuldocumentaryaboutGregoryPeck.Init,theolderactortravelstoIrelandtomeethisnewgrandson.Butfirst,wanderingafield,hehappensuponafigtree.Hepicksafigandeatsitwithobviousdelight.Tome,thescenecapturesthesweetnessoflifeandhowsuchsweetnessisallaroundus—ifonlywe'dbothertoreachoutandtasteit.DinoandIrepeatedthissequencewithtreesbearingplumsandwalnuts,too—hepicking,Itasting.Despiteourdifferencesinlanguage—neitherofusknewmanyoftheother'swords—nothingimportantwaslost.Bothofusunderstoodallweneededtounderstand:thatnowweweretrueneighbors.4．Whatistheauthor'scurrentfeelingaboutthenewlivingsituation?A．Hefeelshappyandcontentwithhismove.B．Hefeelsseparatedandkindoflonelyinthenewtown.C．HefeelshomesickandwantstogobacktoNewYorkCity.D．Hefeelsthrilledtomeetnewpeopleinthenewcommunity.5．WhydidtheauthorcrosstheroadtowardDino?A．TohelpDinofixthestreetlamp.B．TobecomemorefamiliarwithDino.C．ToholdtheladderforDinotoclimb.D．ToavoidtalkingwithDinobehindthegates.6．WhatdidDinodowhileshowingtheauthoraround?A．Hepickedfruitsfortheauthortotaste.B．Heshowedoffhisprivatepossessions.C．Hetoldthestoryofhisfamilymembers.D．Hetaughttheauthorhowtoplantfruittrees.7．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoprovebyrecallingthedocumentary?A．Thefigisreallythesweetestfruit.B．Figtreescansurviveinanyplaces.C．Lifeisamixtureofsweetandbitter.D．Sweetnessexistsinlifeeverywhere.阅读理解ThejackfruitisadeliciousfruitfoundthroughoutcertainpartsofAsia.Butthereismoretothefruitthanjustitstaste.Whenconsideringthefruit'sEnglishname,itiseasytobecomeoverwhelmedwithquestionslike:"WhoisJack?Andwhydoeshehavehisownfruit?"Surprisingly,"jackfruit"isn'taperson'snameatall.Thefruit'snameoriginallycomesfromthesouthernIndianwordchakkapazham,withIndiathoughttobethefruit'splaceoforigin.Portugueseexplorerswhojourneyedtothisregionwentontocallitjack,whichleadsustothecurrentEnglishnameofjackfruit,accordingtoNationalPublicRadio(NPR).Unfortunately,noonecalledJackhasbeenproventobeinvolvedatanypointinthisprocess.Thereisanotherfood,however,thatwasdirectlynamedafteraperson—thesandwich.Inthe18thcentury,playingcardgameslateintothenightbecamefashionableinBritishhighsociety.JohnMontagu,the4thEarlofSandwich,startedthehabitoforderingpiecesofcoldbeefbetweentwopiecesofbreadinordertogetalate-nightsnackwithouthavingtoleavethegamingtableoruseaknifeandfork.Thisnewly-createdsnackkepthandscleansocardplayerscouldcontinueonwithoutdirtyingtheircards.Themidnightsnackquicklybecamepopularamongeverydaypeople,andbeforelongeveryonewasmakingtheirownsandwiches.Thatishowthesandwichwasinventedandgotitsname.Awayfromtheworldoffood,therearemoreexamplesofnamesinspiredbypeople.Longjohns,thewarmtrousersthatkeepuswarminwinter,aresaidtohavebeennamedaftertheUSboxerJohnL.Sullivanwhotooktowearingasimilartypeofgarmentinthering(比赛).Therearemanyotherinterestingetymologies(词源)intheEnglishlanguagelikethese.Sothenexttimeyoufindaninterestingname,whynotexploreitshistorytoo?8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"overwhelmed"inthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A．Puzzled. B．Excited. C．Worried. D．Annoyed.9．Wheredoesthejackfruit'snamecomefrom?A．AplaceinIndia. B．AnIndianword.C．APortugueseexplorer. D．Adiscovererofthefruit.10．Whatdoweknowaboutthesandwichaccordingtothetext?A．Itwasnamedafterapopularcardgame.B．Itwasonceeatenasasnackinthedaytime.C．ItwasfirstpopularamongtheUK'smiddleclass.D．Itwascreatedfortheconvenienceofplayingcards.11．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle?A．Toraisereaders'interestinetymology.B．Tointroducethingsnamedafterpeople.C．Tostresstheimportanceoflearninghistory.D．Toexplaintheeffectsofpeople'snamesonfood.阅读理解Ifhumansdowanttosetupcommunitiesonthemoonorotherplanets,whatwilltheyeat?Anewtesthasbeguntoseeifmeatcellscangrow.GrowingmeatfromcellsevenonEarthisn'teasy.Cellsfromacow(thoughitcouldbeanyanimal)arefedthethingstheyneedtogrow,likeaminoacidsandcarbohydrate.Thecellsmultiplyuntilmuscletissueforms,andeventuallybecomesmeatthatyoucaneat.Thisprocessiscalled"cultivation(培养)".Themeatisgrownintanksthatlookmorelikewhatyou'dfindinabrewerythanafarmyard.Thelife-cycleofananimalraisedformeat—birth,lifeandkill—iscompletelyignored."Animalcellsgrowslowly,"saysDavidHumbird,achemicalengineer."Ifbacteriaweretogetintothecultivation,itwouldgrowmuchfasterfromanimalcellsanditwilljusttakeoversoyouaren'tmakingtheanimalcellsanymore.Youaremakingbacteria.Andyouhavetothrowitaway,"saysMrHumbird."Thosecellsthatarethemselvesgrownoneatablematerialaregoingtobesugar,aminoacidsandwater.Andthecaloricvalueofthecellsthatyoumakewillalwaysbelessthanthat.Atthebestcaseyoucouldprobablyrecover25%ofthecalorieandeatthemasfood.Sothequestionis,whywouldyoudragallthosecalorieintospacejusttowaste75%ofthem?"KarenNybergisaformerastronaut.Shesaysfoodplaysacrucialroleinspacemissions."Foodlikepowderedmilkandthatsortofthingcomesasaregularsourceforastronauts,andmeatproducedinspaceisjustsomethingwedon'thave.Soanythinglikethatmakesusfeelgreatandeasesourpressure."ForMsNyberg,freshfoodandvegetablesarevitalifhumansareexpectedtobeawayfromEarthforyearsatatime.CertainlyifhumanityisseriousaboutputtingpeopleonMars,howtofeedastronautswithnutrient-richfoodthatdoesn'tspoil—andtastesgood—isanimportantanddifficultmystery.12．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thetasteoflab-grownmeat.B．Thereasonsforgrowingmeatinspace.C．Thepotentialbenefitsofgrowingmeat.D．Theprocessofgrowingmeatfromcowcells.13．WhatisDavidHumbird'sattitudetowardgrowingmeatinspace?A．Optimistic. B．Supportive. C．Disapproving. D．Indifferent.14．WhatcanweinferfromwhatKarensaid?A．Eatingisalwaysaproblemforastronauts.B．FoodtastesmuchbetterinspacethanonEarth.C．Growingmeatdoesgoodtoastronauts'mentalhealth.D．Astronautssufferfrommentalillnessesafterlongspacetasks.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Canmeatbegrowninspace?B．Canastronautsenjoymeatinspace?C．Canmeatinspacebedelicioustoeat?D．Canlab-grownmeathelptackleclimate?二、任务型阅读(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.Supposeyourcellphonefallsintothewateraccidentallyitisoftenpossibletosaveit.Timeisessential.16．However,therearesomepracticalwaysyoucantry.Removethebattery.Aftergettingbackyourcellphonefromthewater,thenextthingtodoistoremovethebatteryimmediately.17．Thebatteryitselfmightnotworkagain,butitcanbereplacedfairlyinexpensively.Takeitapart.Ifyouhavedroppedyourcellphoneinwater,itisalsohelpfultotakeitapart,ifyoucan,andletallofthepartsdryseparately.18．Ifitisdifficultforyou,youcanseekprofessionalhelp.19．Ifyoudropyourcellphoneinwaterthatisn'tpureoranotherliquid,washthephonewithfreshwaterafteryoutakeoutthebattery.Remember!Aquickwashinfreshwaterisunlikelytodoanyfurtherdamage,butsalt,sugarorothermaterialsmight.Besides,analcoholbathwillremovemineralsandothersimilarsubstance.Letitdry.Afteryourphoneisclean,leaveitinawarm,dryareaornearanairconditionerforatleastthreedaysbeforeyouattempttoreplacethebatteryandturniton.20．Puttingyourcellphoneinacontainerfullofdryricegrainsalsocanhelpdryitout.Makesurethatthericecompletelycoversthephone.A.Avoidmineraldamage.B.Putmineralsinfreshwater.C.Justbesurethatyouknowhowtoputthembacktogether.D.Ifreplacingthebatteriesdoesn'twork,havethecellphonefixedimmediately.E.Thisreducedtheriskofashortcircuit(短路)thatwouldleaveyourphoneuseless.F.Leavingacellphoneinwaterforevenafewsecondsmightdamageitbeyondrepair.G.Thisisbecausetheslightestwatervaporcanreactwiththebatteryandcauseittoshortcircuit.三、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.Whilehavingawalkwithmyhusbandtoenjoyautumnweather,Inoticedacarhadbrokendown.Westoppedtooffer21．However,otherssimplywalkedaway.Wehaveachoicetohelpor22．certainsituations,butwouldn'ttheworldbeamuchbetterplace,ifwechoosenottolookaway?Forexample,whenweseeinjustice(不公平)aredone,shallwejuststandbyorgetourselves23．?Whenwefindsomeoneisunfairlytreatedorjudgedfortheappearance,shallwesilently24．ourheadsorstandupstraight?Societyassumeditis25．tolookaway,butweallneedtolearnnottowhetheritisduetocoldness,fearorignorance.Yearsago,Ihelpedagirlwhohadfallenoffherbikeandgaveherwordsof26．whileakindstrangerwascallingtheambulance.Shortlyafter,our27．relievedherpain.Everybodyelse—passers-by,cyclistsanddrivers28．juststaredatusastheywentby.Anothertime,Ididnot29．tostopbeforeadeadcatandthemaninthecarbehindme30．helpedmecarrythecattothegrassyvergebeforeit31．thedangerofgettingflattened.ThenIknockedondoorstryingtofindand32．theowner.However,Ifounditevenmorefrustratingtoseethe33．ofcommunity.Maywechoosenottolookawaywhentheopportunity34．Wemayverywellbeanangelorheroforsomebodywhoneedsourhelporsimply35．somebody'sdaywithameresmile.21．A．assistance B．reward C．prospect D．explanation22．A．recognize B．prevent C．ignore D．monitor23．A．involved B．buried C．interested D．absorbed24．A．raise B．nod C．lower D．cover25．A．cruel B．normal C．impolite D．realistic26．A．preference B．vigor C．forgiveness D．comfort27．A．ability B．effort C．faith D．method28．A．alike B．alone C．particularly D．regularly29．A．follow B．wander C．attempt D．hesitate30．A．moderately B．voluntarily C．formally D．slightly31．A．risked B．perceived C．distinguished D．reduced32．A．convince B．guarantee C．inform D．warn33．A．lack B．strength C．existence D．regulation34．A．responds B．displays C．arises D．disappears35．A．putsupwith B．benefitsfromC．dealswith D．brightensup四、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.LesserFullness,orXiaomaninChinese,isoneofthe24solar36．(term)inthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar.ItusuallyfallsonaroundMay21stor22ndannually,37．thesunreachesdegreesofthecelestiallongitude.Thissolarterm38．(mark)thestartofthesummerseasoninChina,whichischaracterizedbyrisingtemperaturesandincreasedrainfallinmostregions.zksqDuringXiaoman,farmersinChinabegintoworkinthefields39．(intensive),plantingcropssuchasrice,corn,andbeans.Manyregionsalsoexperiencethe40．(grow)ofmushrooms,bambooshoots,andotheredibleplants.InChineseculture,Xiaomanisalsoatime41．familyreunionsandcelebrations.Itisapopulartimeforweddingsandotherfestiveevents.ThereisasayinginChinathatgoes"Xiaomanrainisasgoodasoil"becausetherainduringthissolartermisconsidered42．(benefit)forcropsandagriculture.43．(believe)toprovidewarmthinthebodyandhelptopreventsummerdiseases,certainfoodssuchasmuttonanddogmeatareeatenduringXiaoman.XiaomanisanimportantsolarterminChina44．(signal)thebeginningofthesummerseason.Itisatimeforagriculturalactivities,familycelebrations,andtheconsumptionofcertainfoodsanddrinks.Understanding45．significanceofXiaomancanhelppeopletoappreciatetherichculturaltraditionsofChina.五、书面表达46．假如你是校诗词协会会长李华，随着中国传统文化的"再流行"，学校决定举办校园诗词朗诵大赛，请你以诗词协会的名义用英语为你校交换生拟一则活动通知。内容要点如下：1.比赛的时间、地点；2.比赛的主题及安排；3.欢迎大家积极参加。诗词朗诵大赛PoetryRecitationContest注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。NoticePoetryAssociation47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。AfterflyingallnightfromWashington,D.C.,IwastiredasIarrivedatahospitalinDenvertoholdaworkshoponvolunteerspirit.AsIenteredthehospital,atiredmiddle-agedmancameoverandaskedme"AreyoutheheadoftheMake-A-WishFoundation?""Yes,"Ireplied."Well,mynameisCaleb.MydaughterNicolawasdiagnosedasabraintumor(脑瘤).Herdyingwishwastolearnfigure-skatingandperformedinpublic."sobbedthetearpoorfather."Here'sNicola."Calebsaidasheputherskinnyhandinmine.Beforemestoodasixteen-year-oldgirlwearingabrightredandorangehattocoverherhead,whichwasbaldfromallofthechemotherapytreatments(化疗).Smilingshyly,thegirlbeganherstory.Whenlimitedtoherhospitalbed,Nicolatookcomfortinwatchingherfavoritesport–figureskating-onTV.Astheskaterstwirled(旋转)intheairandglidedacrosstheice,Nicolapicturedthatshewasoneofthem,zigzaggingacrossaglitteringicerank(溜冰场)astheaudiencecheeredhername.Aftermonthsofisolation,Nicolawantednothingmorethantobesurroundedbyacrowdofadoringsupporters.Whenshelearnedshewouldbegrantedawish,Nicolacametofindmewithhope.Sheknewthatwhatshehadimaginedforherselfwouldfinallybecomeareality."Sir,couldyoupleasehelpme?"Nicolauttered,withvoiceabittrembling.Tearswellinginmyeyes,Iwaschokedup.Iclearedmythroat,smiledandsaid,"Sweetheart.Thanksformakingawish.Let'smakeithappen."Sooneverythingwaspreparedforher.Together,aprofessionalfigureskaterLindaandacommunityofkind-heartedsupporterswerecalledintohelp.Alocalentertainmentvenuewasarranged.Forthefollowingtwomonths,Nicolabeganhertraining.Shefailedcountlesstimesintheprocessofbeingaskater.However,whenevershefell,shestruggledtopullherselfupandnevergaveup.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Afterweeksoftraining,thebigdayfinallycame.

Whentheperformancewasover,Nicolawasawardedaspecialmedal.

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．B3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了中学生参加CHI的学术年度计划(AYP)的要求，申请流程以及通过该计划进行文化交流的好处。

【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。1．考查细节理解。根据TherequirementsforstudyinginAmerica部分中的"Highschoolstudentswhoareaged15to18"15至18岁的高中生；以及"Ascoreofatleast212ontheELTISexam"ELTIS考试成绩至少为212分。可知，只有年龄在15至18岁之间，并且ELTIS考试分数达到212分的高中生才可以参与这个寄宿家庭计划。故选D。2．考查细节理解。根据Application部分中的"Contactapartneragencyinyourhomeoranearbycountry.Wecanalsosendyoualistofpartnersnearyou.Theywillsetyouupwithanapplicationandletyouknowwhatyouneedtosubmitinordertobeconsidered."联系您本国或附近国家/地区的合作伙伴机构。我们还可以向您发送您附近的合作伙伴列表。他们将为您设置申请，并让您知道需要提交什么才能被考虑。可知学生需要联系自己所在国家的合作机构，申请并了解所需提交的材料。故选B。3．考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了学生参与在美国学习和寄宿家庭项目的相关信息和流程，与教育相关，所以最可能出现在杂志的教育板块。故选C。【答案】4．B5．B6．A7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者从纽约搬到意大利普利亚的故事，以及在一个新地方感到脱节的经历。作者与邻居迪诺的互动以及在迪诺花园的树上收获水果产生了一种真正的联系和社区感，因为他们发现语言障碍与他们的新友谊无关，并得出结论，他们现在是真正的邻居。作者用这种情况来评论生活的甜蜜，以及伸出手去体验它的必要性。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4．考查推理判断。根据第三段"I'djustconcluded46yearslivinginNewYorkCity.ButnowI'mlivinginatowninItaly'sPugliaregion,andeveryonehereexceptmyfamilyisastranger.And,livinginthecountrysideaswedo,I'vestartedtosensepainsofbeingdisconnected."我刚刚结束了在纽约46年的生活。但现在我住在意大利普利亚地区的一个小镇上，除了我的家人，这里的每个人都是陌生人。而且，像我们这样生活在农村，我开始感受到与外界隔绝的痛苦。可知，作者目前对新的生活状况的感受是在新城市里感到孤独。故选B。5．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"ThismomentthereforeseemedanopportunitytogettoknowDinoalittle."因此，这似乎是一个稍微了解迪诺的机会；以及"ButinsteadIwentacrosstheroadtowardhim.IstoodinthestreettalkingwithDinoandhiswife,Grazia—IinEnglish,theyinItalian.Oneminutelatertheyinvitedmeinforatour."但我却穿过马路朝他走去。我站在街上与迪诺和他的妻子格拉齐亚交谈——我用英语，他们用意大利语。一分钟后，他们邀请我进去参观。可知，作者穿过马路跟迪诺说话，是因为想要更多的了解他，跟他更熟悉一些。故选B。6．考查细节理解。根据第五段"Herewasafigtree,bearingripefigs.Dinopickedafewofthefruits,toreoneinhalf,andputone-halfinhismouth.Hehandedmetheotherhalfandsignaledtometofollowsuit,andIdid."这里有一棵无花果树，树上结满了成熟的无花果。迪诺摘了一些水果，把一个撕成两半，把一半放进嘴里。他把另一半递给我，示意我照做，我照做了。可知，在带作者参观的同时，迪诺还摘了一些无花果给作者品尝。故选A。7．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段段中"Tome,thescenecapturesthesweetnessoflifeandhowsuchsweetnessisallaroundus—ifonlywe'dbothertoreachoutandtasteit."对我来说，这一幕捕捉到了生活的甜蜜，以及这种甜蜜是如何围绕着我们的——只要我们愿意伸出手去品尝它。可知，作者想通过回忆这部纪录片来证明生活中处处都有甜蜜。故选D。【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英语中一些单词的起源以及背后的故事。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。8．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的""WhoisJack?Andwhydoeshehavehisownfruit?""可知，人们对这种水果的名字存在疑问"杰克是谁？他为什么有自己的果子呢？"，即对名字感到困惑。故划线词意思是"困惑的"。故选A。9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Thefruit'snameoriginallycomesfromthesouthernIndianwordchakkapazham,withIndiathoughttobethefruit'splaceoforigin."这种水果的名字最初来自印度南部的单词chakkapazham，印度被认为是这种水果的原产地。可知，杰克果的名字从一个印度词来的。故选B。10．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Inthe18thcentury,playingcardgameslateintothenightbecamefashionableinBritishhighsociety.JohnMontagu,the4thEarlofSandwich,startedthehabitoforderingpiecesofcoldbeefbetweentwopiecesofbreadinordertogetalate-nightsnackwithouthavingtoleavethegamingtableoruseaknifeandfork."在18世纪，打牌玩到深夜在英国上流社会成为一种时尚。三明治伯爵四世JohnMontagu养成了把冷牛肉夹在两片面包之间点餐的习惯，这样就不用离开赌桌或使用刀叉就能吃到夜宵。可知，三明治是为了方便打牌而发明的。故选D。11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Therearemanyotherinterestingetymologies(词源)intheEnglishlanguagelikethese.Sothenexttimeyoufindaninterestingname,whynotexploreitshistorytoo?"在英语中还有许多其他像这些有趣的词源。所以，下次当你发现一个有趣的名字时，为什么不去探索一下它的历史呢？可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提高读者对词源学的兴趣。故选A。【答案】12．D13．C14．C15．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类在月球或其他行星建立社区时如何供应食物的问题，测试是否可以在这些条件下培养肉类细胞，不同的人对此拥有不同的观点。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。12．考查段落大意。根据第二段中的"Cellsfromacow(thoughitcouldbeanyanimal)arefedthethingstheyneedtogrow,likeaminoacidsandcarbohydrate.Thecellsmultiplyuntilmuscletissueforms,andeventuallybecomesmeatthatyoucaneat.Thisprocessiscalled‘cultivation(培养)'.Themeatisgrownintanksthatlookmorelikewhatyou'dfindinabrewerythanafarmyard.Thelife-cycleofananimalraisedformeat—birth,lifeandkill—iscompletelyignored."来自牛的细胞(尽管它可能是任何动物)被喂食它们生长所需的物质，如氨基酸和碳水化合物。这些细胞不断繁殖，直到形成肌肉组织，最终变成你可以吃的肉。这个过程被称为"培育"。可知，本段主要介绍了用牛的细胞培育肉的过程。故选D。13．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Thosecellsthatarethemselvesgrownoneatablematerialaregoingtobesugar,aminoacidsandwater.Andthecaloricvalueofthecellsthatyoumakewillalwaysbelessthanthat.Atthebestcaseyoucouldprobablyrecover25%ofthecalorieandeatthemasfood.Sothequestionis,whywouldyoudragallthosecalorieintospacejusttowaste75%ofthem?"那些在可食用物质上生长的细胞将是糖、氨基酸和水。生成的细胞的热值总是小于这个值。在最好的情况下，你可能可以恢复25%的卡路里，并把它们作为食物吃。所以问题是，为什么你要把所有这些卡路里都拖进太空，浪费其中的75%呢?可知，Humbird认为在太空中生产肉类浪费的部分要比可用的部分更大，所以DavidHumbird对其态度是不赞同的。故选C。14．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"Shesaysfoodplaysacrucialroleinspacemissions.‘Foodlikepowderedmilkandthatsortofthingcomesasaregularsourceforastronauts,andmeatproducedinspaceisjustsomethingwedon'thave.Soanythinglikethatmakesusfeelgreatandeasesourpressure'"她说，食物在太空任务中起着至关重要的作用。"像奶粉这样的食物是宇航员的常规食物来源，而在太空中生产的肉类是我们没有的。所以这样的事情会让我们感觉很好，减轻我们的压力。"可知，KarenNyberg认为在太空中生产肉类可以增加宇航员们食物，这样的食物让人感觉好，减轻压力，因此推断即对宇航员的心理健康有益。故选C。15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"Ifhumansdowanttosetupcommunitiesonthemoonorotherplanets,whatwilltheyeat?Anewtesthasbeguntoseeifmeatcellscangrow."如果人类真的想在月球或其他星球上建立社区，他们吃什么?一项新的测试已经开始，看看肉细胞是否能生长。；以及通读全文可知，本文讨论了肉细胞是否可以在太空条件下培养的问题。"肉能在太空中培养吗?"概括文章内容，适合做本文的标题，故选A。【答案】16．F；17．E；18．C；19．A；20．G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了关于如何拯救手机遇水，并给出了一些建议和方法来最大程度地减少损害并尽量恢复手机的功能。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。16．根据空前"Supposeyourcellphonefallsintothewateraccidentally,itisoftenpossibletosaveit.Timeisessential."假设你的手机不小心掉入水中，通常可以拯救它。时间至关重要。可知，手机掉水里时间至关重要，说明手机容易损坏，F.Leavingacellphoneinwaterforevenafewsecondsmightdamageitbeyondrepair."将手机放在水中几秒钟可能会损坏它，无法修复。"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。17．根据空前"Removethebattery.Aftergettingbackyourcellphonefromthewater,thenextthingtodoistoremovethebatteryimmediately."取出电池。从水中取出手机后，接下来要做的就是立即取出电池。可知本段主要内容与取出泡水的手机电池有关，推测下文可能会说明原因，E.Thisreducedtheriskofashortcircuit(短路)thatwouldleaveyourphoneuseless."这降低了短路的风险，短路使您的手机无法使用。"承接上文，符合语境，故选E。18．根据空前"Ifyouhavedroppedyourcellphoneinwater,itisalsohelpfultotakeitapart,ifyoucan,andletallofthepartsdryseparately."如果您将手机掉入水中，如果可以的话，将其拆开并让所有部件分别干燥也很有帮助。可知本段主要讲述了泡水的手机可以拆开干燥；以及空后"Ifitisdifficultforyou,youcanseekprofessionalhelp."如果您遇到困难，您可以寻求专业帮助。可知空前应为如果您决定拆开手机让它干燥，重要的是要了解并具备正确的组装知识和技能。如果在没有正确理解的情况下拆卸手机，可能会造成进一步的损坏，或导致手机在干燥后无法正常工作。C.Justbesurethatyouknowhowtoputthembacktogether."只要确保你知道如何将它们重新组合在一起。"符合语境，故选C。19．根据空后"Ifyoudropyourcellphoneinwaterthatisn'tpureoranotherliquid,washthephonewithfreshwaterafteryoutakeoutthebattery.Remember!Aquickwashinfreshwaterisunlikelytodoanyfurtherdamage,butsalt,sugarorothermaterialsmight.Besides,analcoholbathwillremovemineralsandothersimilarsubstance."如果您将手机掉落在不纯净的水或其他液体中，请在取出电池后用清水清洗手机。记得！在淡水中快速清洗不太可能造成任何进一步的损害，但盐、糖或其他材料可能会造成任何损害。此外，酒精浴将去除矿物质和其他类似物质。可知，如果手机掉入的不是纯净的水，例如海水或含有其他物质的液体，建议用清水清洗手机。这有助于去除手机上的矿物质或其他可能造成损害的物质。A.Avoidmineraldamage."避免矿物质损伤。"符合语境，故选A。20．根据空前"Afteryourphoneisclean,leaveitinawarm,dryareaornearanairconditionerforatleastthreedaysbeforeyouattempttoreplacethebatteryandturniton."清洁手机后，请将其放在温暖干燥的地方或空调附近至少三天，然后再尝试更换电池并打开它；以及空后"Puttingyourcellphoneinacontainerfullofdryricegrainsalsocanhelpdryitout.Makesurethatthericecompletelycoversthephone."将手机放入装满干米粒的容器中也有助于将其干燥。确保米饭完全覆盖手机。可知，手机要干燥，空处应是手机要干燥的原因，G.Thisisbecausetheslightestwatervaporcanreactwiththebatteryandcauseittoshortcircuit."这是因为最轻微的水蒸气会与电池发生反应并导致其短路。"符合语境，故选G。【答案】21．A；22．C；23．A；24．C；25．B；26．D；27．B；28．A；29．D；30．B；31．A；32．C；33．A；34．C；35．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了作者在日常生活中遇到的一些情境，提出了选择帮助他人或选择漠视的问题。作者认为选择帮助他人而不是漠视他们可以让世界变得更美好。通过举例子和个人经历，作者强调了我们应该选择去关注和帮助他人，而不是置之不理。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。21．句意：我们停下来提供帮助。A.assistance"帮助"；B.reward"回报，奖励"；C.prospect"前景"；D.explanation"解释"。根据上文"Inoticedacarhadbrokendown"可知作者注意到一辆坏了的汽车，停下来提供帮助。故选A。22．句意：我们可以选择帮助或忽略某些情况，但如果我们选择不去漠视，世界不是会变得更美好吗？A.recognize"识别"；B.prevent"阻止"；C.ignore"忽视"；D.monitor"监视"。根据语境可知，在某些情况下我们选择帮助还是忽视，如果我们选择不去漠视，世界是否会变得更美好。故选C。23．句意：例如，当看到不公平的待遇，我们应该参与还是袖手旁观。A.involved"参与"；B.buried"埋藏"；C.interested"使感兴趣"；D.absorbed"吸收"。根据语境可知是与st