三维设计 新课标高考总复习 英语 课时跟踪检测 选择性必修第四册 UNIT 3 单元主题训练

1/9UNIT3单元主题训练课时作业(一)语篇阅读训练——保准度Ⅰ.阅读理解ACoralreefs(珊瑚礁)areanintegralpartofsealifeandsustainitbyprovidingshelterandhabitattovariousorganisms.Theyalsosupplyandrecyclenutrientsaswellasenableagrowingfishpopulation,alongwithotherspecies,forahealthyanddiverseecosystem.However,theriseinaveragewatertemperaturesduetoclimatechangehasresultedinmorefrequentandlong-time“coralbleaching(珊瑚白化)”eventsthatdamagetheirhealth,causingfishandotherseaspeciestoabandonthem.Inordertorestorethisdelicateecosystem,scientistsfromtheUKandAustraliaconductedastudythatinvolvedusingloudspeakersunderwaterneardamagedcoralreefstomakethemsoundhealthyandattractfish,potentiallykick-startingthenaturalrecoveryprocessofcoralreefsandtheirdependentlifeforms.ThelocationforthisexperimentwastheGreatBarrierReefintheCoralSea,foundalongsidetheeastcoastofQueensland,Australia.Thesiteisnotedtohavethelargestcoralreefsystemintheworld.“Healthycoralreefsareremarkablynoisyplaces—thecrackleofsnappingshrimpandthewhoopsandgruntsoffish.Youngfishconcentrateonthesesoundswhenthey'relookingforaplacetosettle，”saidSteveSimpson,studyco-authorandaprofessorattheUniversityofExeter,UK.Byusingloudspeakerstocopysuchsounds,partsofdeadcoralreefswerefoundtoattracttwiceasmanyfish,comparedtoplaceswherenosoundswereplayed.“Thesereturningfisharecrucialforcoralreefstofunctionashealthyecosystems.Boostingfishpopulationinthiswaycouldhelptokick-startnaturalrecoveryprocesses,preventingthedamagewe'reseeingonmanycoralreefsaroundtheworld，”saidleadauthor,TimGordon.语篇解读：由于海水温度的升高，深海珊瑚的生态遭到破坏。科学家通过实验研究发现，在珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器以吸引海洋生物对于恢复珊瑚的生态卓有成效。1．Whatcausesthephenomenonofcoralbleaching?A．Diversespecies.B．Noisepollution.C．Fishingindustry.D．Climbingtemperatures.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，是气候变化所引起的海水温度的上升导致了这种白化现象。2．Whatapproachisintroducedtorecoverthecoralreefs?A．Removingdamagedcoralreefs.B．Usingloudspeakerstokeepfishaway.C．Buildingnewhomesforseaspecies.D．Playingcertainsoundstoattractfish.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，为恢复珊瑚生态，科学家在遭破坏的珊瑚附近放置扬声器，以吸引鱼类。即通过播放声音来吸引鱼类。3．WhyareSteveSimpson'swordsquoted?A．Toprovidesomefindingsofthestudy.B．Toshowtheprogressoftheexperiment.C．Toexplainreasonsforthenewapproach.D．Togiveanothersolutiontotheproblem.解析：选C细节理解题。根据前两段内容可知，鱼儿会离开不健康的、遭到破坏的珊瑚。为了吸引鱼类，科学家们在这些珊瑚附近放置扬声器。再结合第三段第一句可知，健康的珊瑚礁是非常热闹的地方，各种海洋生物很多。由此可推知，此处引用这位教授的话是为了解释在受损珊瑚礁旁边放置扬声器这一新方法的原因。4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Theattemptsareinvain.B．Naturalrecoveryisimpossible.C．Initialsuccesshasbeenachieved.D．Thecoralreefshavereturnedtonormal.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，通过用扬声器复制一些声音，部分死亡的珊瑚礁吸引了更多的鱼类，由此可推知，珊瑚生态保护已经初见成效。BItseemswecan'tgetofftheplanetfastenough.TwothirdsofNASA'smoneyisspentonmannedspaceexploration,andthatnumberwillgrowwiththecountry'sdecisiontosendamantoMarsin2037.We'veseenallthereistoseeonEarth,right?Wrong.Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.Headingdownintotheocean,humanlimitsarequicklyreached.At200metres,thewaterisasblackasamoonlessnight.Mostnuclearsubmarines(核潜艇)wouldimplode(内爆)beforetheyreach1kmdown.At3km—stilllessthantheaveragedepthoftheocean—there'sagoodchancethatyou'lldiscoveranewspecies.Thedeepest-divingwhalesgonofurther.Attheverybottom,about11kmdown,liestheChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.EighteenhumanshavewalkedontheMoon,butonlythreehaveseentheDeepwiththeirowneyes.Yetthingslivedownthere.Bigthings.Averyloudsoundwasonceheardandscientistssuggestedthatitwasproducedbyananimalbiggerthanabluewhale,thelargestcreatureknownontheplanet.Inthelate1990s,adeep-watersubmarinewasdroppedintheSouthernOcean,andpassing4,000metres,itdiscoveredsomethinghugepassingunderit.Surprised?Don'tbe.Theoceancovers70%oftheplanet'ssurfaceandwe'vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.Onereasonthatweexplorespaceistofindevidenceofotherlifeforms.ThesearchforlifeoutsideofEarthisimportant,butrobotscanlookunderthedryrocksofMarsbetterthanhumans.They'reabsolutelyimportantfordoingoceanresearchtoo,buttheycan'tlookunderthesea.Thecostofexplorationisrising,buttheresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Understandingtheoceanswillhelpusfindnewsourcesoffood,drugsandenergy.Perhapsnowit'stimetobeginanewperiodofseaexploration.Mannedexplorationofspaceissciencefiction(科幻小说)．Theadventureofthedeepseaissciencefact.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中讨论了进行海洋探索的重大意义。)5．WhatdotheexamplesinParagraph2suggest?A．Seaexplorationisnoeasytask.B．Nuclearsubmarinesneedtobeimproved.C．Theoceanisfardeeperthanpeopleexpected.D．TheconditionundertheseaissimilartothatontheMoon.解析：选A推理判断题。第二段列举各个深度海洋的情况是为了说明海洋探索不是一件容易的事。6．WhatdoweknowabouttheChallengerDeep?A．Bluewhaleslivethere.B．Noonehaseverbeenthere.C．Peopleareterrifiedbythesightofit.D．ItisthedeepestknownlocationonEarth.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“theChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean”可知，挑战号深渊是地球上目前已知的最深的海底。7．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthediscoveryintheSouthernOcean?A．It'ssurprising. B．It'snowonder.C．It'sworrying. D．It'snosuccess.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Surprised?Don'tbe...thebottomofthesea.”可推测，作者认为南冰洋中可能存在比蓝鲸更大生物的发现不足为奇。8．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A．Spaceexplorationisoflittlevalue.B．Wespendtoomuchmoneyonspacetravel.C．Humans'successliesinhowmuchtheyexplorethesea.D．Theoceanistheplacewhereweshouldmakeourefforts.解析：选D主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段就点明自己的观点：Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea，并在接下来的段落中具体论述海洋探索的重大意义。由此可知，D项概括了文章主旨。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Bytheendofthe15thcenturymanythingswerechanginginEurope.Thepopulationstartedtogrowmorequicklyandanewclassofmerchantscameup.TheywantedtobuyandsellexpensiveandvaluableproductsfromAsia,likegold,jewelsandsilk.Inthosedays,peoplehadnorefrigeratorstopreservetheirfood.__9__Tomakefoodtastebettertheyusedspices,likepepper.__10__Butinthe15thcenturytheoverlandpassagewayswerebeingcontrolledbytheTurkishEmpire,whichmadeitevenmoredifficultforEuropeanmerchantstopassthrough.Asaresult,someEuropeancountries,likeSpainandPortugal,decidedtofindoutiftherewasaseapassagewaytoIndia.Attheendofthe15thcenturythePortuguesestartedtoexplorethewestcoastofAfrica.__11__In1487,thePortugueseexplorerBartholomeuDiassailedaroundthesouthernpartofthecontinentandgotasfarastheeastcoastofAfrica,butastormmadehimturnback.__12__ThePortuguesenamedittheCapeofGoodHopebecausetheywerehopefuloffindingapassagewaytoIndia.In1497,VascoDaGamasetoutfromLisbon,sailedaroundtheCapeofGoodHopeandintotheIndianOcean.__13__HetooksomespicesandgoldbackwithhimtoprovethathehadreachedIndia.A．HereachedthewestcoastofIndiathenextyear.B．Theydriedmeatandusedsalttomakeitlastlonger.C．Theysetuptradingpostsandcollectedgoldandsilver.D．Onhisreturnvoyage,hesawapieceoflandstretchingoutintothesea.E．ForcenturiesEuropeansbroughtthesegoodsonalandpassagewayfromAsia.F．TheywereconvincedthatbysailingaroundittheywouldfindapassagewaytoIndia.G．Withthehelpofadvancedshipsandinstruments，theystartedtheAgeofExploration.eq\x(语篇解读：本文主要介绍了欧洲人为了开辟到亚洲的海上通道而进行的海上航行。)9．选B空格前一句谈到了在过去，人们没有冰箱储存食物，因此，本句承接上一句的内容，为了让食物(肉)保存久一点，人们就将肉风干或用盐将肉腌制起来，故选B。10．选E第一段谈到了欧洲人需要商品如黄金、珠宝、丝绸以及香料，商人就从亚洲通过陆路运到欧洲，空格后一句有but转折，谈到陆路逐渐被土耳其帝国控制，导致走陆路非常困难了。因此，空格处起承上启下的作用，E符合语境。11．选F本段第一句谈到在15世纪末，葡萄牙人开始探索非洲西海岸。设空处解释他们为什么要探索这条海上航线，因为他们相信通过这条线，他们能够找到到达印度的海上通道。12．选D空格前一句谈到BartholomeuDias已经航行到了非洲东海岸，但是他们遇到了海上风暴，本句承接上文，在他们回航的时候，他们看见了一块突出在海上的陆地。D项中的return与空格前一句的“madehimturnback”相呼应，因此选D。13．选A空格前一句谈到在1497年，航海家VascoDaGama绕过好望角到达了印度洋，故A项能承接上文。A项中的“thenextyear”与空格前一句的“in1497”存在先后关系，也暗示了答案。Ⅲ.完形填空(2025·江门模拟)In2014,asophomorestudentattheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArtswentwithfriendsforabirthdaycelebrationtoBeijingZoo.Littledidheknowthatachance__14__attheaquarium(水族馆)therewouldlightalifelongpassion.Fast-forwardtotoday,Xu,aBeijingnative,has__15__tothetropicalislandofSouthChina'sHainanProvince,whereheservesasacoral__16__foraSanya-basedtropicalbiologicallaboratoryattachedtotheChineseAcademyofSciences.Eachday,hespendsseveralhoursdivingdeepunderthewavestoobserveand__17__thegrowthanddevelopmentofthecreaturesthat__18__himallthoseyearsago.Xu,whoisnicknamed“coralman”，is__19__engagedonsocialmediaplatforms,whereheregularlysharesvisuallyamazingphotosandentertainingvideosofcorals.Heaimsto__20__individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefsandtheoceansasawhole.ForXu,whohadbeenstudyingBeijingOperasincechildhood,becomingacoralconservationistwasan__21__turnofevents.Afterhefirstsawcoralsattheaquarium,hebeganto__22__thelocalmarkettolearnaboutcoral__23__frommerchantswhoselldecorativeplants,fishandcorals.Healso__24__informationonline.Beforelong,hehadsetupasmallfishtankathomeandstartedcultivatingacoral.“Thecoralorganismisquitesensitivetoitsenvironmentandhasextremelyhigh__25__forwaterquality，”recallsXu.“WhenIstartedgrowingcoral,itsstatewasnot__26__.”ButasXugainedmore__27__aboutcoral,includinghowtocontrolfactorslikewatertemperatureandpHlevels,hiscoralgraduallystartedtoflourish.Healsolearnedthatcoralreefsareknownas“tropicalrainforests”and“underwatergardens”oftheocean,providinga__28__foraquarterofallseacreatures.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国戏曲学院的学生徐因一次在水族馆内邂逅珊瑚的经历而对珊瑚产生了终生的热爱，他后来成了一名珊瑚保护主义者。14．A.accident B．encounterC．application D．performance解析：选B根据上文中的“wentwithfriendsforabirthdaycelebrationtoBeijingZoo”和下文中的“Afterhefirstsawcoralsattheaquarium”可知，他和朋友一起去北京动物园庆生，并没有特意计划，他在这里第一次见到了珊瑚，所以是偶然在水族馆遇到了珊瑚。15．A.moved B．drivenC．appealed D．signaled解析：选A根据空后的“tothetropicalislandofSouthChina'sHainanProvince,whereheservesasacoral________”可知，身为北京人的徐搬到了海南的热带岛屿上工作。16．A.educator B．ambassadorC．artist D．conservationist解析：选D根据下文中的“Xu,whoisnicknamed‘coralman’”和“Heaimsto_______individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefsandtheoceansasawhole.”可知，他致力于保护珊瑚，所以他是一名珊瑚保护主义者。下文中的“becomingacoralconservationist”也是提示。17．A.approve B．increaseC．document D．smooth解析：选C根据空后的“thegrowthanddevelopmentofthecreatures”可知，这里表示观察和记录珊瑚的生长和变化。18．A.separated B．relievedC．preserved D．fascinated解析：选D根据上文中的“lightalifelongpassion”可知，他对珊瑚深深地迷恋。19．A.actively B．finallyC．universally D．skillfully解析：选A根据句中的“whereheregularlysharesvisuallyamazingphotosandentertainingvideosofcorals”可知，他经常在社交媒体平台上分享珊瑚的照片和视频，所以他在这些社交媒体上很活跃。20．A.teach B．arrangeC．encourage D．force解析：选C根据空后的“individualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefsandtheoceansasawhole”可知，他想通过这种方式鼓励人们行动起来，保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋。21．A.impractical B．unexpectedC．unfortunate D．unacceptable解析：选B根据句中的“Xu,whohadbeenstudyingPekingOperasincechildhood”可知，徐从小学习京剧，而现在他却成了一名珊瑚保护主义者，这是意想不到的转变。22．A.frequent B．expandC．manage D．improve解析：选A根据空后的“thelocalmarkettolearn”可知，他常去光顾当地市场，去了解珊瑚养殖的知识。23．A.selling B．observingC．farming D．decorating解析：选C根据下文中的“startedcultivatingacoral”可知，他后来开始养殖珊瑚，由此可推知，他向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识。24．A.answeredfor B．broughtinC．searchedfor D．gaveout解析：选C根据上文中的“learnaboutcoral________”和空后的“informationonline”可知，他不仅向商人了解珊瑚养殖的知识，还去网上搜索信息。25．A.requirements B．reputationsC．periods D．priorities解析：选A根据句中的“isquitesensitivetoitsenvironment”可知，珊瑚对环境很敏感，所以养殖珊瑚对水质的要求很高。26．A.pure B．goodC．confusing D．strict解析：选B下句的But表明前后句之间是转折关系，根据下句“ButasXugainedmore________aboutcoral,includinghowtocontrolfactorslikewatertemperatureandpHlevels,hiscoralgraduallystartedtoflourish.”可知，他的珊瑚后来慢慢开始茁壮成长，由此可知，一开始的时候珊瑚的状态并不好。27．A.evidence B．careC．equipment D．knowledge解析：选D根据句中的“includinghowtocontrolfactorslikewatertemperatureandpHlevels”可知，这里指的是关于珊瑚的知识。28．A.map B．homeC．platform D．container解析：选B根据句中的“coralreefsareknownas‘tropicalrainforests’and‘underwatergardens’oftheocean”和空后的“foraquarterofallseacreatures”以及常识可知，珊瑚礁被称为“热带雨林”和海洋的“水下花园”，它是海洋生物的栖息地，给海洋生物提供了家园。Ⅳ.语法填空China'sWukong,a__1__(full)autonomoussubmersible(潜水器)thatwasdevelopedbyHarbinEngineeringUniversity,hasreachedamaximumunderwaterdepthof7,709metres,__2__(set)anewdivingrecordfordomesticautonomousunderwatervehicles.WukongreturnedtoitshomeportofQingdao,ShandongProvinceonThursdayaftercompleting__3__thirdphaseofitsdeep-seatrial.Duringthisyear'sdeep-seascientificexpedition(探险)intheWesternPacificOcean__4__(organise)bytheNationalDeepSeaCentreofChinafromFebruary24toApril1,Wukonghadsuccessfullyreachedamaximumdeep-seadivingdepthrecordof7,709metres,__5__brokeitspreviousrecordof5,213metres.Capable__6__full-oceandepth,itdived5,000metresand7,000metresrespectivelyduringtheseatrialsandretrieved(回收)watersamples,layingasolid__7__(found)for11,000-metresubmersibletests.Thisisthesecond__8__(deep)recordintheworldaftertheonesetbytheRussianVityaz-DAUV.Wukong,2metreslong,1metrewideand1.3tonsinweight,completedtwoseatrialsata1,500-metredepthin2019.Autonomousunderwatervehicles__9__(see)asoneofthekeyemergingtechnologiesinfuturenavalwarfare.Butsofarthecomplexityofthissolution__10__(mean)thatnocountryintheworldhasfieldedthemoperationally.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国哈尔滨工程大学研制“悟空”号全自动潜水器创下了国内自主潜水器的潜水新纪录。1．fully考查副词。修饰形容词autonomous要用副词fully。2．setting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语为hasreached，和空处动词无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，且set和其逻辑主语China'sWukong之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。3．the考查冠词。修饰序数词third要用定冠词the。4．organised考查非谓语动词。分析