Unit 1 Discovering Useful Structures 分层练习（解析版）

Unit1DiscoveringUsefulStructures分层练习语言知识一、（2024·高一课时练习）根据括号内所给单词的词性及英文释义，写出该单词的正确形式。1.Thisisaschoolforchildrenwith________learningdifficulties.(adj.veryserious)2.Ifanyoneneeds________ofProfessorQiao'sgeniusasaninventor,thisinventionisit.(n.afactorpieceofinformationwhichshowsthatsomethingexistsoristrue)3.Wemade________copiesofthereport.(adj.verymanyofthesametype,orofdifferenttypes)4.Agrowingnumberof________haveatleastonecomputer.(n.allthepeoplewholivetogetherinonehouse)5.Wewouldresistanyarmed________fromoutsideinourcountry'saffairs.(n.theactofinterveninginasituation)6.Oilisanimportant________materialwhichcanbeprocessedintomanydifferentproducts,includingplastics.(adj.notprocessed)7.Wehadtroublefindinga(n)________watersupply.(adj.cleanandnotcontaininganythingharmful)8.Accordingtoofficial________thediseasekilledover500people.(n.acollectionofinformationshowninnumbers)9.Abnormalitiesinthecellscanbeseenquiteclearlyundera(n)________.(n.ascientificinstrumentthatmakesextremelysmallthingslooklarger)【答案】1.severe

2.proof

3.multiple

4.households

5.intervention

6.raw

7.pure

8.statistics

9.microscope二、（2024·高一课时练习）用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.infect①Allthetomatoplantsare________withavirus.②Exactlywhichgermscausethe________isstillunknown.2.handle①Sheturnedthe________andslowlyopenedthedoor.②Mostcustomersweresatisfiedwiththewaytheircomplaintswere________.3.link①

Thestudyprovidesfurtherevidence________smokingwithearlydeath.②

There'sadirect________betweendietandheartdisease.【答案】1.

①infected

②infection

2.①handle

②handled

3.①linking

②link三、（2024·高一课时练习）每空填一词，使每组句子的意思相同或相近。1.Let'ssettlethismattercompletelyandfinally.Let'ssettlethismatter________________________________.2.Weallagreewiththedecisionadoptedatthemeeting.Weall________________thedecisionadoptedatthemeeting.3.Whowasresponsiblefortheaccident?Who________________________________theaccident?4.Itwasallagreatsuccess—becauseofalotofhardwork.Itwasallagreatsuccess—________________alotofhardwork.【答案】1.onceandforall

2.subscribeto

3.wastoblamefor 4.thanksto知识应用四、（福建省厦门市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语质检）阅读理解Foodbookscanbringaculturetolife.Thefollowingfoodbooksareburstingwithdeliciousfood,aswellasentertainingandengagingstorytelling.PierreThiam’slatestbookaimstoshareeveryday,easy-to-cookrecipeslikebakedginger-chiliplantainkelewele.HeexplainshowsomanydishesandingredientsfromtheAmericanSouthandotherregionscantracetheirorigintoWestAfrica.The80recipesareaccessibleandpresentarangeoftraditionalandmoderntakesonthecuisine.FuchsiaDunlop’sbookexaminesclassicChinesedishes,likemapotofu,soupdumplingsandDongpopork.Thisbookincludeshistory,philosophy,cookingtechniques,andDunlop’son-the-groundresearchconductedoverthreedecadestopresentafascinatingexplorationofthisever-changingcuisine.TamarAdlerseekstomakeleftoversmoreappealingandlowerfoodwasteintheprocesswithherlatestbook,whichcontainsaround1,500recipes.Thisisn’twhatyou’dcallabeautifulcoffeetable-stylecookbook—it’spracticalandthecreativesecretswithinaretrulymind-blowing.NatashaPickowiczisaninnovativechef.MoreThanCakeisherfirstcookbook,fullofinvaluabletipslikehowtobuildalayer(层)cake.Asidefromgreatbakingrecipes,thiscookbooktriestoliveuptoitsnamebysharinghowbakingcanprovidesomuchmorethanjusttastysweets—itcangivecommunity,purpose,joyandlove.1.WhoexploresChinesefoodcultureinthecookbook?A.PierreThiam. B.FuchsiaDunlop.C.TamarAdler. D.NatashaPickowicz.2.WhatdoSimplyWestAfricanandTheEverlastingMealCookbookhaveincommon?A.Theyarethewriters’latestbooks. B.Theyadvocatelowerfoodwaste.C.Theyhavethesamenumberofrecipes. D.TheyaimtoshareWestAfricandishes.3.Whichbookfavorscake-bakinglovers?A.SimplyWestAfrican. B.InvitationtoaBanquet.C.TheEverlastingMealCookbook. D.MoreThanCake.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。美食书籍可以将一种文化带入生活。文章介绍了几本美食书，里面充满了美味的食物，以及有趣和引人入胜的故事。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“FuchsiaDunlop’sbookexaminesclassicChinesedishes,likemapotofu,soupdumplingsandDongpopork.(FuchsiaDunlop的书探讨了麻婆豆腐、汤团和东坡肉等经典中国菜肴)”可知，FuchsiaDunlop在这本烹饪书中探索中国饮食文化。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“PierreThiam’slatestbookaimstoshareeveryday,easy-to-cookrecipeslikebakedginger-chiliplantainkelewele.(PierreThiam的新书旨在分享日常、容易烹饪的食谱，比如烤姜椒大蕉炖菜)”及“TamarAdlerseekstomakeleftoversmoreappealingandlowerfoodwasteintheprocesswithherlatestbook,whichcontainsaround1,500recipes.(TamarAdler在她的新书中试图让剩菜更有吸引力，并在这个过程中减少食物浪费，这本书包含了大约1500种食谱)”可知，SimplyWestAfrican和TheEverlastingMealCookbook的共同特点是他们都是作者最新的书籍。故选A线【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一本书中的“MoreThanCakeisherfirstcookbook,fullofinvaluabletipslikehowtobuildalayer(层)cake(MoreThanCake是她的第一本烹饪书，里面有很多宝贵的技巧，比如如何制作层蛋糕)”可知，蛋糕烘焙爱好者青睐于MoreThanCake。故填D项。五、（2024年北京市第一次普通高中学业水平合格性考试）完形填空OnebusdriverfortheNorthElementarySchoolcannowaddlifesavertoherexperiencesafterastudentstartedchoking(窒息)onherbuslastmonth.OnSept.29,busdriverRaquelBakerbeganherworkjustlikeanyotherdriversandwasabouttodropoffstudentsattheschoolgatewhensomethingwentwrong.Videofromtheschoolbusshowed7-year-oldPrestonputtingsomethinginhis____1____andthendroppingdownbetweentheseats,clearlyin____2____.Itwashardfortheboyto____3____awordbuthemanagedtomentionsomethingaboutacoin.Baker____4____stoodup,tookholdofhimandranoutofthe____5____.“Onmywaytothesidewalk,IwasactuallyperformingtheHeimlichmaneuver(海姆利克氏操作法),”shesaid.Prestonhardly____6____andBakerdidn’twasteanytimetojumpintoaction.Thewholetimeshewassaying,“Baby,breathe,baby,breathe.”Prestonwasblueintheface.Bakersawaparentandaskedhertocall911.“AllIcouldthinkofwasIhadto____7____thisboy,”Bakersaid.ShehadneverperformedtheHeimlichbefore,buther____8____onthefirstaidgivenbytheschoolonemonthagoworked.“Iwas____9____atthetime,butIjustcouldn’tbescared,”shesaid.Shedidn’tevenrealizewhenthe____10____flewoutofPreston’smouthuntilPrestonsaid,“MissBaker,I’mOK.Icanbreathe.”Preston’smumwas____11____forBaker’shelp.Theschool’sheadmasterwasalsotouchedand____12____herforherlife-savingwork.“Asoftoday,I’mstillinshock.Ireallycan’tbelievethatthisactuallyhappened.Ididn’treallyrealizewhatabig____13____Ihad,”Bakersaid.UntiltodayBakerstilldoesn’tknowhowshegotthe____14____todowhatshedidthatday,____15____sheknowsthis,“IfIwasn’tthere,otherdriversmayhavedoneitaswell,”Bakersaid.1.A.bag B.bottle C.mouth D.pocket2.A.danger B.peace C.surprise D.silence3.A.write B.say C.spell D.hear4.A.luckily B.formally C.quietly D.quickly5.A.bus B.room C.yard D.school6.A.slept B.breathed C.saw D.listened7.A.find B.feed C.save D.meet8.A.habit B.training C.belief D.income9.A.nervous B.glad C.disappointed D.curious10.A.eraser B.chalk C.key D.coin11.A.sorry B.sad C.anxious D.thankful12.A.corrected B.changed C.honored D.cured13.A.future B.impact C.dream D.mistake14.A.permit B.right C.method D.courage15.A.or B.so C.but D.for【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.B9.A10.D11.D12.C13.B14.D15.C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了公交车司机RaquelBaker救了一名吞食硬币导致窒息的男孩Preston。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：校车上的视频显示，7岁的普雷斯顿把东西放进嘴里，然后掉到座位之间，显然处于危险之中。A.bag包；B.bottle瓶子；C.mouth嘴巴；D.pocket口袋。根据后文“awordbuthemanagedtomentionsomethingaboutacoin”可知，男孩把硬币放进了嘴里。故选C。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：校车上的视频显示，7岁的普雷斯顿把东西放进嘴里，然后掉到座位之间，显然处于危险之中。A.danger危险；B.peace和平；C.surprise惊讶；D.silence沉默。根据后文“Baby,breathe,baby,breathe.”可知，因为被硬币卡住了，男孩无法呼吸，处在危险之中。故选A。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩很难开口说话，但他设法提到了一枚硬币。A.write写；B.say说；C.spell拼写；D.hear听见。根据后文“awordbuthemanagedtomentionsomethingaboutacoin”可知，男孩吞了硬币，说不出来话了，故选B。4题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：贝克迅速站起来，抓住他，跑出了车。A.luckily幸运地；B.formally正式地；C.quietly安静地；D.quickly快速地。根据后文“stoodup,tookholdofhimandranoutofthe”可知贝克迅速采取了行动。故选D。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝克迅速站起来，抓住他，跑出了车。A.bus公交车；B.room房间；C.yard院子；D.school学校。根据后文“Onmywaytothesidewalk”可知，贝克带着男孩跑下了车。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：普雷斯顿几乎没有呼吸，贝克也没有浪费任何时间投入行动。A.slept睡觉；B.breathed呼吸；C.saw看见；D.listened听。根据后文“Baby,breathe,baby,breathe.”可知，男孩几乎没有呼吸，故选B。7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我满脑子想的都是我必须救这个男孩，”贝克说。A.find找到；B.feed喂养；C.save挽救；D.meet遇见。根据上文““Onmywaytothesidewalk,IwasactuallyperformingtheHeimlichmaneuver,”shesaid.(“在去人行道的路上，我实际上是在做海姆利克急救法，”她说。)”可知，贝克在想办法救治男孩。故选C。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她以前从未做过海姆利克急救法，但一个月前学校给她的急救训练起了作用。A.habit习惯；B.training训练；C.belief信念；D.income收入。根据上文“ShehadneverperformedtheHeimlichbefore”以及but表示转折，说明此处指学校进行了急救训练，故选B。【9题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当时我很紧张，但我就是不能害怕，”她说。A.nervous紧张的；B.glad高兴的；C.disappointed失望的；D.curious好奇的。根据后文“atthetime,butIjustcouldn’tbescared”可知，要救人贝克感到紧张，但是没有畏惧。故选A。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她甚至没有意识到硬币从普雷斯顿的嘴里飞了出来，直到普雷斯顿说:“贝克小姐，我没事。我能呼吸了。”A.eraser橡皮擦；B.chalk粉笔；C.key关键；D.coin硬币。呼应上文“hemanagedtomentionsomethingaboutacoin.”指硬币被吐出来了。故选D。【11题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：普雷斯顿的妈妈非常感谢贝克的帮助。A.sorry抱歉的；B.sad悲伤的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.thankful感谢的。根据上文“Preston’smum”可知，贝克救了男孩，因此男孩的母亲表示感谢。故选D。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：学校的校长也很感动，并对她拯救生命的工作表示敬意。A.corrected纠正；B.changed改变；C.honored尊重；D.cured治愈。根据后文“herforherlife-savingwork”可知，贝克救了男孩，学校的校长也很感动，并对她拯救生命的工作表示敬意。故选C。【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我真的没有意识到我的影响有多大，”贝克说。A.future未来；B.impact影响；C.dream梦想；D.mistake错误。根据上文贝克救了这个男孩，所以是指对男孩的影响很大。故选B。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到今天，贝克仍然不知道她那天是怎么鼓起勇气去做那件事的，但她知道，“如果我不在那里，其他司机可能也会这么做，”贝克说。A.permit允许；B.right权利；C.method方法；D.courage勇气。根据上文可知，贝克虽然紧张，但是仍然用自己学到的急救知识救了男孩，所以此处指救男孩这件事的勇气。故选D。【15题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：直到今天，贝克仍然不知道她那天是怎么鼓起勇气去做那件事的，但她知道，“如果我不在那里，其他司机可能也会这么做，”贝克说。A.or或者；B.so所以；C.but但是；D.for为了。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。六、（安徽省萧县鹏程中学2023-2024学年高二下学期第一次月考）任务型阅读你校正在开展“向民族英雄学习”的活动。请你给学校英语报写一篇短文，谈谈你“心中的民族英雄”内容包括：1.英雄人物简介；2.成为你心中英雄的原因；3.向英雄学习。注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文题目与首句已写好，不计入总词数。TheNationalHeroInMyHeartAsweknow,mostpeoplehaveanationalheroorheroesintheirhearts.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Asweknow,mostpeoplehaveanationalheroorheroesintheirhearts.Forme,YuanLongping,aChinesegreatagriculturalscientistandacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering,isactuallymynationalhero.HewasbornonSeptember7th,1930.Inthe1960s,Chinaexperiencedfamineandhecameupwithanideaforhybridizingrice.In1973,hedevelopedanewwayofgrowingriceandhencenewricewasdeveloped.In1979,histechniqueforhybridricewasintroducedintotheUnitedStates,whichwasthefirstcaseofintellectualpropertyrightstransferinthehistoryofChina.Withthedevelopmentofnewrice,gonearethedayswhenChinesepeoplesufferfromterriblestarvation,andmorecountriesoftheworldareabletogrowmorericetofeedthegrowingworldpopulation.Weshouldlearnfromhimthespiritofstrivingforthewell-beingofmankind.