Unit5 SectionB 知识点讲解-人教版英语八年级下册

Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?

SectionB

【知识点讲解一】

1.Whateventhappenedattheschoolyesterday?(P37)

【解析】happen发生；碰巧(指偶然性发生)

(1)happenv.“发生”没有被动语态，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性

sth.happentosb.某事发生在某人身上

eg：Whathappenedtoyou?=Whatwaswrongwithhim?

sb.happentodosth.某人碰巧做某事

eg：Shehappenedtobeoutwhenwecalled.

(2)takeplace举行，发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生

eg：Thesportsmeetingtookplaceinourschoollastweek.

(3)Ithappenedthat…碰巧

eg：Ithappenedthathewasnottherethatday.

2.Whichteamwonattheevent?(P37)

【解析】beat与win辨析

beat击倒、击败(某人)

win赢得奖杯、比赛、游戏等。

eg：Webeatthembythescoreof2to1.

Whichteamwonthefootballmatch?

3.Katesawadogbythesideoftheroad.(P37)

【解析】bythesideoftheroad在路边

【拓展】by的用法

①表地点，意为“在……旁边”。

②表时间，意为“到……时(为止)；不迟于"。

eg：Imustgethomebyteno'clockatnight.

③表交通方式，意为“乘……；骑……

④方法、手段，意为“由；靠；通过”。

eg：IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.

4.Kateleftthehouse.(P37)

【解析】动词加ave的用法

①离开；留下

leaveforsp.动身去某地

leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下

eg：IwillleaveforBeijingthismorning.

Don'tleavethislittlebabybyhimself.

②忘记

leavesth.+地点状语.把某物落在某地

eg：LucyleftherEnglishbookathomelastweek.

5.Katewaitedforsomeonetowalkby.(P37)

【解析】

(l)waitforsb.todosth•等待某人做某事

waitforsb./sth.等某人/物

cantwaittodosth.迫不及待地做某事

(2)walkby经过，路过

6.Katerealizedherbagwasstillathome.(P37)

【解析】realizev意识到

(1)realize+n

eg：Shedidn'trealizehermistake.

⑵realize+that从句(从句中that可以省略)

eg：Ididn'trealizethatyouweresounhappy.

7.Whentheschoolbasketballpetitionstarted,Katewasstillmakingherwayto

school.(P37)

【解析】makeone'swayto/towards+地点意为"前往某地，到某地方去"。

(当后接地点副词时，应省略介词t。)

eg：Willyoubeabletomakeyourwaytothebusstop?

rilmakemywayhomenow.

【拓展】way相关的短语

(1)bytheway为固定短语，意为"顺便提一下”。

eg：Bytheway,whafsthetime?

Bytheway,wheredidyoubuythisdress?

(2)onthe/one'swayto+地点意为”在去...的路上”。当表示地点的词是

副词时，则要省略to。

eg：Imetmysisteronmywaytothestation.

(3)loseone'sway为固定短语，意为"迷路”。

eg：Ialmostlostmywayyesterday.

【巩固练习】

I.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.Whatwereyoudoingwhenyourfather(leave)homeyesterday?

2.I(play)soccerwithmyfriendswhenitstartedtorain.

3.Whileshe(sing),hermothercameintotheroom.

4.Thegirl(watch)TVateightyesterdayevening.

5.Thetwoboys(do)theirhomeworkatthattimeyesterday.

II.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。

makeone*swayto,waitfor,attheevent,bythesideof,getto

6.Mikeisthebestplayer.

7.Look!Anoldwomanislyingtheroad.

8.Theythemountainvillageyesterdayevening.

9.Althoughitwasverylate,theyoungmanstilldecidedtothecity.

10.Youwerehereforalongtime.Whoareyou?

nr.单项选择。

()11.Today,moreandmorepeoplebegintotheimportanceofsavingwater.

A.realizeB.wasteC.controlD.cause

()12.Cocowassosadbecausesheagoodchancetobeefamous.

A.gaveB.tookC.gotD.missed

()13.—DidMikethetabletennismatch?

一No,hedidn't.Tomhim.

A.win；beatB.win；wonC.beat；wonD.beat；beat

()14.1seethemwalkbymyhouseeveryday.

A.runtoB.pas.sbyC.eupD.cleanup

()15.-Whydidn'tyougotoplayfootballwithusyesterdayafternoon?

—Imymotherwiththehouseworkthen.

A.helpedB.washelpingC.amhelpingD.help

W.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。

16.Iwascleaningtheroomwhenmymothercameback.(改为同义句)

Itheroom,mymothercameback.

17.HewassleepingatthistimelastMonday』改为否定句)

HeatthistimelastMonday.

18.HewaswaitingforthebuswhenIsawhim.(改为一般疑问句)

heforthebuswhenyousawhim?

19.TheywerehavinganEnglishclassattenyesterday.(对画线部分提问)

theyattenyesterday?

20.Heishavingdinnerwithhisfriendsinarestaurant.(用atthistimeyesterday改写

句子)

Hedinnerwithhisfriendsinarestaurantatthistimeyesterday.

【知识点讲解二】

8.Peopleoftenrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheyheardthenewsof

importanteventsinhistory.(P38)

【解析】hear动词，意为"听说"。常用结构为：

(1)hearsbdosth意为"听见某人做某事"。

(2)hearsbdoingsth意为"听见某人正在做某事"。

(3)hearof/aboutsb/sth意为"听说某人或某事"□

(4)hearfromsb意为"收到某人的来信"。

(5)hear+that从句意为"听说..."o

9.Onthisday,Dr.MartinLutherKingwaskilled.(P38)

【解析】本句中的waskilled是一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是“was/were+过

去分词”。

eg：Hewassenttoprisonforstealing.他由于偷窃被关进监狱。

Theparcelwassenttothewrongdestination.包裹被送错了目的地。

10.Althoughsomepeoplemaynotrememberwhokilledhim,theyremember

whattheyweredoingwhentheyheardthenews.(P38)

【解析】本句结构较为复杂。首先，

本句含有although引导的让步状语从句,在中考中，宾语从句的考

该从句中的whokilledhim是宾语从句,点主要有三个方面，分别

作动词remember的宾语；主句中的是：语序、引导词、时态。

whattheyweredoing也是宾语从句，

作动词remember的宾语。

语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序

引导词引导词有that,if/whether以及连接代词和连接副词，如who,when,where,what,why等

时态通常情况下，如果主句是一般过去时，则从句也要用相应的过去时态。如果主句是一般现在

时，从句则根据实际情况而定

eg：Sheaskedmewhenthemeetingwouldbegin.

IsaidthatIwasdoingmyhomework.

11.RobertAllenisnowover50,buthewasaschoolpupilatthattime.(P38)

【解析】over相当于morethan,表示"多于....，越过....，不止....，在

以上“。morethan/over的反义词是lessthan。

eg：Thereareover800studentsinourschool.

【拓展】(1)over作介词时的用法：

①意为"在……的上方”，含有垂直在上的意思，其反义词是undero

eg：Thereisabridgeovertheriver.

②意为"蒙在……上，悬挂在……上”。

eg：Theworkersallwearthickclothesandglassesovertheireyes.

③意为"在……的各部分，遍及……的各部分"。

eg：Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.

(2)over用作副词时，意为”结束，完了”。

eg：Classesareoverat4:30intheafternoon.

12.Thenewsreportersaid,6Dr.Kingdiedjust10minutesago/(P38)

【解析】一段时间+ago之前，用于一般过去时

eg：-Whoisthelittlegirlinthepicture?

一Ifsme.Thepicturewastaken10yearsago.

13.Myparentswerepletelyshocked!(P38)

【解析】pletely副词，意为“彻底地；完全地”，其形容词形式为plete,意为“完

整的；完全的；彻底的”。

eg：Ifeelpletelyinthedarkonthisquestion.

【拓展】plete还可作动词,意为“完成”。

14.Myparentsdidnottalkafterthat,andwefinishedtherestofourdinnerin

silence.(P38)

【解析】

(l)therestof…“其余的，剩下的"，做主语时，其谓语动词的数要与therestof修

饰的名词一致。

eg：Therestofthebreadisn'tenough.

Therestofworkersarestillworkinghard.

【拓展】rest休息。

eg：It'stimetohavearest.

(2)silencen沉默一adj.silent沉默；缄默；无声

insilence沉默地、无声地=silently

keepsilent保持沉默keepquiet保持安静

eg：Asnightfell,everythingwasinsilence.

［易混辨析】silent与quiet

silent着重指沉默无语或没有声音，但不一定指没有动作或活动。

曲Thatisasilentmovie.

吐Heissilentaboutwhathappened.

quiet表示安静的、寂静的、平静的。指物时，表示没有喧闹或没有骚动，处于

一种静止的状态或宁静的环境；指人时，表示不发出声音或不发表意见，也可指人的

性格温和、文静、不易激动等。

诙Helivesaquietlifeinthecountry.

埼Can'tyoukeepthechildrenquiet?

由Maryisaquietgirl.

15.Morerecently,mostAmericansrememberwhattheyweredoingwhenthe

WorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwastakendownbyterrorists.(P38)

【解析】

(1)remembertodosth与rememberdoingsth的用法区别

©remembertodosth记得去做某事(此事还未做)

eg：Remembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.

②rememberdoingsth记得做过某事(此事已做完)

eg：IrememberturningoffthelightwhenIlefttheroom.

(2)recentlyadv.不久前；最近

eg：Ithappenedrecently.

recently=lately,意为"最近"。常指过去不久到现在的一段时间，和现在

完成时连用。或指过去不久的某一时刻，和一般过去时连用。

eg：Ihaven91heardfromherrecently.我最近没有收到她的来信。

("have/has+过去分词"构成现在完成时)

【知识拓展】

recently的形容词为recent,意为"最近的；近来的"。

inrecentyears在最近几年

⑶takedown表示"拿下；拆卸；摧毁"，wastakendownbyterrorists被恐怖分

子摧毁，是一般过去时的被动语态。by表示"被……”，by后的名词是原主动

语态的主语，是动作的执行者。

eg：Theyheldameetingyesterday.=Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.

(4)terrorn恐怖一terrorist恐怖分子befullofterror充满恐怖

【拓展】

artn艺术一artist艺术家sciencen科学一scientist科学家

pianon钢琴一pianist钢琴家

16.1didn'tbelievehimatfirst,butthenIlookedoutofthewindowandrealized

thatitwastrue.(P38)

【解析】

(1)本句中的atfirst是固定短语，意为“起初;起先工

eg：AtfirstIdislikedtheschool,butsoonIfellinlovewithit.

【归纳】常见的at短语有：

atthemoment现在;此刻

attimes有时;间或

atthesametime同时

atonce立刻;马上

attheendof...在……结束时

(2)trueadj.真的一trulyadv.真地一truth实情；事实tobetruth真相；真理

tobehonest=totell(you)thetruth老实说；说实话

tellthetruth意为“讲实话”，其反义短语为tellalie/lies意为“撒谎”

eg：Isittrueshe'sleaving?

Herefusedtotellusthetruth.

17.1wassoscaredthatIcouldhardlythinkclearlyafterthat.(P38)

【解析】hardly几乎不；绝不hardlyever从不(almost几乎，差不多)

hardly用作副词，意为“几乎不”。

形容词，意为“艰难的；坚硬的”。

hard

副词，意为“努力地；猛烈地”。

18.Robert5sparentswereshockedtohearthenews.(P39)

【解析】

(l)beshockedtodosth做某事感到震惊

【拓展】shockV使震惊，指强烈冲击在肉体上或思想感情上所产生的效果。

—shockedadj.感到震惊的一shockingadj.令人震惊的

n.震惊，惊吓，休克inshock休克；处于极度震惊状态

eg：Charlesgotashockwhenhesawhim.

Everyoneisinshockaboutwhatthenewworldisgoingtobe.

(2)hear的用法

hear意为“听见'强调听的结果。

【辨析】hearsb.dosth听见某人做某事；hearsb.doingsth听见某人正在做某事

eg：Wecanoftenhearsomechildrenplayontheplayground.

IheardmysistersinginganEnglishsonginherroomwhenIcameback,

hear也有“听说”之意，这时后接that引导的宾语从句。

①hearabout意为“听说”，相当于hearof,后面接词或短语。

eg：Ihaveheardabout/ofthestorybefore.

②hearfrom意为“收到...的来信；有...的消息"，=get/receivealetterfrom.

eg：Ihaven9theardfrommymotherformonths.

19.1hadtroublethinkingclearlyafterthatbecauseIwasveryafraid.(P39)

【解析】troublen困难；苦恼；忧虑

(1)introuble处于困境中getsb.intotrouble使某人陷入困境

(2)Whafsthetroublewithyou?=Whafsthematterwithyou?

=What'swrongwithyou?你怎么啦？

(3)havetrouble(in)doingsth做某事有麻烦，相当于haveproblems/difficulty(in)

doingsth,介词in可以省略，problems/difficulty/trouble前面可以加修饰词some,

alittle,great,no,alotof等。

eg：IhavenodifficultyinlearningEnglishwell.

Ihavesometroubleinreadingherhandwriting.

Hehasalotofproblemsinbuyingaputernow.

【巩固练习】

I.根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。

1.Atthattime,Johnwasstillaschool(学生).

2.What'sthe(日期)today?

3.Ireadfive(段落)ofthearticleyesterdayafternoon.

4.Peoplebuildthe(塔)aboutfivehundredyearsago.

5.Theystoodinfrontofthedeadpeoplein(沉默).

H.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

6.BowwenttoEngland(recent).Hewouldstaytherefortwoweeks.

7.Mona(plete)disagreedwithmypointofview.

8.Tellmethe(true),orIwillbeangrywithyou.

9.Everyonewas(shock)toseetheaccident.

10.Iremember(close)thedoor,soyoudon'tneedtogotheretocloseit.

nr单项选择。

()11.一Couldyoutellmewhattheistoday?

一May1st.

A.dayB.timeC.dateD.reason

()12.一YangLin,Iknowyoudidn'ttellmethe.Howcouldyoulietome?

一Sorry,Mom.Iwon'tdoitagain

A.planB.placeC.storyD.truth

()13.Wefeltstrangeabouthisatthepartyasheusedtobeveryoutgoing.

A.silenceB.ideaC.relationD.skill

()14.Shewasshockedtohearthebadnews.

A.excitedB.sadC.surprisedD.glad

()15.——Howareyougettingonwithyourstudy?

一IhavetroublemyEnglishteacher.Hespeakssofast.

A.understandB.understood

C-understandingD.inunderstand

W.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。

16.这个女孩沉默地站在河边看河里的鱼。

Thegirlwasstandingbytheriverandwatchingthefishinit.

17.最初，她不知道这件事情的重要性。

，shedidn'tknowtheimportanceofthisevent.

18.字典对我们学习英语很有帮助。

AdictionaryisveryforusEnglish.

19.我爸爸拆除了旧的窗户，然后安了一个新的。

Myfathertheoldwindowandsetupanewone.

20.莉莉学数学很困难。

Lilyhasmath.

【拓展阅读训练】

A

Ourvillagercarpenter(木匠)，John,cameonedayandmadeadiningtableformy

wife.Hemadeitjusttherightsizeforthespacebetweenthetwowindows.WhenI

gothomethatevening,Johnwasdrinkingacupofteaandwritingouthisbillforthe

job.

Mywifesaidtomequietly,"That'shisninthcupofteatoday.^^Butshesaid,ina

loudvoice,“It'sabeautifultable,dear,isn'tit?"

'Tildecideaboutthatwhen1seetheIsaid.

Johnlaughedandgavemehisbillforthework.Iread:

Onediningtable10November,2008

Costofwood17.00

Paint1.50

Work,8hours(1anhour)8.00

Total36.50

WhenIwaslookingatthebill,Johnsaid,"It'sbeenaniceday,hasn'tit?Quite

sunny.”

“YesJIsaidJTmgladit'sonlythetenthofNovember.^^

"Me,too."saidJohn,“Youwait.Ifllbealotcolderbytheendofthemonth."

“Yes,colderandmoreexpensive!Adiningtablewillbe20moreexpensiveon

November30,won51it,John?”

Johnlookedhardatmeforhalfaminute.Wastherealittlesmileinhistwoblue

eyes?Igavehisbillbacktohim."Ifthereisn'ttoomuchtrouble,John,“Isaid,

“pleaseadditagain.Youcanforgetthedate..."

Ipaidhim26.50andhewashappytogetit.

()1.WhydidJohntalkabouttheweatherwhenthewriterwaslookingatthebill?

A.Becausehedidn'twantthewritertogothroughthebillcarefully.

B-Becauseitwasreallyafineday.

C-Becausehewantedthewritertocheckthebillcarefully.

D.Becausehewantedtotellthewriterwhattheweatherwaslike.

()2.ThewriterthoughtJohnwouldaskforifhemadeadiningtableon

thelastdayofNovember.

A.20.00B.46.50C.56.50D.26.50

()3.WhenthewritergaveJohnthemoney,hewashappybecause.

A.hegotwhatheshouldgetforhiswork

B.hegotmuchmoremoneyforhiswork

C.hegotthemoneyeasily

D.hedidn'thavetoaddupthecostsagain

()4.Fromthestoryweknowthat.

A.Johndidn'tmakeamistakeinthebill

B.Johntriedtofoolthewriterinordertogelmoremoneyforhiswork

C.Johnhadwrittenoutthebillbeforethewritergothome

D.Johnstillwantedtoget36.50forhisworkintheend

()5.Whatdoyouthinkofthewriter?Heis.

A.honestB.cleverC.foolishD.afraid

Therewasacaraccidentat3:30yesterdayafternoon.Somepolicemenarrived

there.Theyfoundsomewitnesses(目击者)inthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened.

Thepolicemenaskedthemsomequestions.Herearetheiranswers.

WitnessDescription(描述)

Iwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenthecaraccidenthappened.

Mr.GreenThewhitecarhittheblackcarandthewhitecarranaway

quickly.

Whenthecaraccidenthappened,Iwasshoppinginthestore.I

Mrs.James

rememberedthecarnumberofthewhitecar.

Iwascallingmyparentswhenthecaraccidenthappened.Iwas

Alice

sonervousandIforgottowritedownthecarnumber.

Iwaswalkingmydogalongthestreet.WhenIsawit,Icalled

George

thepoliceatonce.Therewerelotsofpeoplearoundthem.

()1.Theunderlinedword"them"refersto.

A.thedriversB.thepolicemenC.thewitnessesD.thestudents

()2.Whowasshoppingwhentheaccidenthappened?

A.Mr.Green.B.Mrs.James.C.Alice.D.George.

()3.WhatwasGeorgedoingwhentheaccidenthappened?

A.Hewasdrivingacar.B.Hewasshopping.

C.Hewascallinghisparents.D.Hewaswalkinghisdog.

()4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theblackcarranawayquickly.B.Mrs.Jameswasverynervous.

C-Alicedidn'twritedownthecarnumber.D.Alicecalledthepoliceatonce.

()5.Afterreadingthepassage,wecanknowtheinformationEXCEPT.

A.thecolorsofthetwocarsB.thetimeoftheaccident

C.thenamesofthewitnessesD.theweatheroftheday

C

Twomenweresittingtogetherinaplane.Theywereonalongjourney.Oneof

themenwasabusinessman.Theotherwasafarmer.Theysatwithouttalkingfora

while,thenthefarmersaid,“Let'sdosomethingtopassthe

“Whatdoyouwanttodo?”thebusinessmanasked.

“Wecanaskeachotherriddles.9,Thefarmersaid.

“OK.Let'smaketherulesfirst,“thebusinessmansaid,"Ifyoudon'tknowthe

answertoariddle,youpayme$100.AndifIdon'tknowtheanswer,I'llpayyou

$100.”

"That'snotfkir(公平).Youareabusinessmanwithmuchknowledge.Youknow

morethingsthanIdo.Iamjustafarmer.thefarmersaid.

"That'strue."Thebusinessmansaid,"Whatdoyouwantustodo?”

“Ifyoudon'tknowtheanswertoariddle,youpayme$100.AndifIdon'tknow

theanswer,I'llpayyou$50.“Thefarmersaid.Thebusinessmanthoughtaboutthis,

thenhesaid,UOK.That'sfair.Whowillgofirst?”

“Ithefarmersaid.“Hereismyriddle.Whathasthreelegswhenitwalks,

butonlytwobegswhenitflies?"

Thebusinessmanthoughtforalongtimeandsaid,“Mm,that'sagoodone.I'm

afraidIdon'tknowtheanswer."

Hegavethefarmer$100,thensaid,"Tellmetheanswer/9

“Idon'tknow."thefarmersaid,andgavehim$50.

()1.Thestoryhappened.

A.onafarmB.inashop

C.beforealongplanejourneyD.betweentwopassengers

()2.Whatdoesthewordriddlemeansinthisstory?

A.Somethingtowinmoney.

B.Somethingtohelptomakerules.

C.Adifficultquestiontofindtheanswerto.

D.Akindofgameindoingbusiness.

()3.Whydidthebusinessmanagreetogivemoremoneyifhelost?

A.Hemademuchmoremoneythanthefarmer.

B.Hethoughtheknewmorethanthefarmer.

C.Hewasinterestedinmakingriddles.

D.Hewasbetteratplayingriddlegames.

()4.Thefarmer.

A.didn'tenjoyhimselfonhislongjourney

B.didn'twanttopayevenonedollar

C.spendallhismoneyontheplaneticket

D.wonfiftydollarsbyplayingtheriddlegame

()5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Thetwomenmaderulesfortheirriddle.

B.Thefarmerwasmorecleverthanthebusinessman.

C.Thetwomenmadetheirriddlegamemoreinterestingbyplayingitformoney.

D.Thebusinessmanknewtheanswertothisriddle.

D

Itwasthelastdayofthefinalexaminationinacollege.Onthestepsofbuilding,

agroupofengineeringstudentswerewaitingforthelastexam.Ontheirfaceswas

confidence.Theyknewtheexamwouldbeeasy.Theprofessor(ateacheratacollege)

hadsaidtheycouldbringanybooksornotesduringthetest.Rightaftertheycame

intotheclassroom.Theprofessorhandedoutthepapers.Therewereonlyfive

questionsonit.Threehourspassed.Thentheprofessorbegantocollectthepapers.

Thestudentsnolongerlookedconfident.Ontheirfaceswasnervousexpression.The

professorwatchedtheworriedfacesbeforehim,andthenasked,"Howmanyofyou

havepletedallfivequestions?"Nohandwasraised."Howmanyofyouhave

answeredfour?"Stillnohands."Three?Two?”Thestudentsmovedrestlesslyintheir

seats."One,then?Certainlysomebodyhasfinishedone."Buttheclasskeptsilent.

Theprofessorsaid,"ThatisexactlywhatIexpected.Ijustwanttomakeyouknow

clearlythateventhoughyouhavepletedfouryearsofengineering,therearestill

manythingsaboutthesubjectyoudon'tknow.Thesequestionsyoucouldnotanswer

aremonineverydaypractice."Then,smiling,headded,"Youwillallpassthiscourse,

youreducationhasjustbegun."

Theyearshaveobscuredthenameofthisprofessor,butnotthelessonhetaught.

()1.Whydidthestudentsthinktheexamwaseasyatfirst?

A.Becauseitwastheirlastexaminthecollege.

B.Becausetheyknewtherewereonlyfivequestions.

C.Becausetheythoughttheywerecleverandtalented.

D.Becausetheywereallowedtobringanybooksand