Unit 2 B卷 能力提升练（解析版）

选择性必修Book3Unit2HealthyLifestyle（B卷·能力提升练）（时间：90分钟满分：120分）第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANoonehaseverseenateenageelephanthesitantlysitdownatthefamilydinnertablewithearphonesonandoccasionallygiveone-wordanswerstoquestions.However,itturnsoutthatadolescentelephants(elephantswhicharenolongerchildrenbutnotyetadults)exhibitotherbehaviorsthatparentsofhumanteensmightrecognize.“They’reinnocent.Theyhavealottolearnandtheymakemistakes,”CynthiaMoss,anelephantexpertinKenyasaid.Thisisparticularlytrueformaleelephants.Theylearnthatiftheyruincrops,theygetbeatenupandthendie.“It’sjustlikeyounghumanmaleswhodrivetoofast,”Mosssaid.BarbaraNatterson,aHarvardbiologistpointedoutthatadolescentanimalsfrequentlyputthemselvesindangerintentionally.Thisbehaviorisseenthroughouttheanimalworld.Theadultsofanyspeciesmayconsidersomeactionsoftheiryounglow-judgmentandhigh-risk;however,theseactionsactuallyserveapurpose.Anexampleisapracticecalled“predator(捕食者)inspection”whichmeansadolescentanimalsapproachpredatorsratherthanrunaway.Thetrade-offforthedangeristhattheycanwatch,smellandlearnaboutthepredator.Theygatherallkindsofinformationthatcankeepthemsaferasadults.Theideathatadolescentsarehard-wiredtotaketheseriskscanhelppeopleunderstandhumanteens’behavior.“Teensseemdriventotrynewthingsandtestboundariesintheirownversionof‘predatorinspection’,”Nattersonsaid.“Theytrytohaveasmanyexperiencesastheycanbeforetheyleavethenest.”Anotherkeyaspectofadolescenceisanincreaseintimespentwanderingingroups.Adolescenceismarkedbyhighlevelsofpeerpressureaswellasnear-disaster.Scientistshavefoundthatadolescentsofallkindsaremorelikelytomakedangerousmoveswhilewithpeers.LaurenceSteinberg,apsychologyprofessoratTempleUniversity,foundsimilaritiesbetweenmiceandhumangroupadolescentbehavior.Hesetuptwoexperiments.Oneinvolvedmice,halfofwhichwereadolescents,drinkingethanol-.spiked(添加乙醇的)water.Theotherinvolvedhumanteensplayingavideogamethatreproduceddrivingconditions.“Wefoundthatinthepresenceofpeers,adolescentmicedrankmorethantheydowhenthey’realone,”Steinbergsaid,“andthattheteenagersinthedrivingstudyalsotookmoreriskswhenotherswerearound.”ThesefindingsfitwithwhatSteinbergsaysisanothermulti-speciesadolescentquality:thedesiretosocialize.“Forthemostpart,adolescents,humanandanimalalike,prefertobewithotheradolescents,”Steinbergsaid.“IfIsayteenagersaresocialanimals,Ithinktheword‘animal’isjustasimportantinthatsentenceastheword‘social’.”Whiledoingtheirstudy,bothNattersonandSteinbergwereraisingahumanteenintheirhomes.Theirdesiretounderstandanimalswasdrivenbywantingtounderstandtheirownchildren.Theyhopetheirfindingswillhelppeoplewhoareraisingadolescents.1.AccordingtoNatterson,whatisariskybutvaluableactionforadolescentanimals?A.Watchingenemies’behaviorupclose.B.Observinganadulthuntingalargeanimal.C.Challengingpredatorswithotheradolescents.D.Gatheringinformationwiththehelpofparents.2.Steinberg’sexperimentsfound______.A.adolescentanimalsarelesslikelytogetdrunkwhilewithpeersB.teenagersarenotwillingtobesociableinthepresenceofpeersC.bothadolescentanimalsandhumanteensareaffectedbypeerpressureDpeerpressureismorecommoninadolescentanimalsthaninhumanteens3.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A.Adolescentanimalslongtosocializewithteenagers.B.Socializingwithpeersisonequalitythatadolescentsshare.C.“Social”isawordthatcanbeinterpretedindifferentways.D.Theimportanceofsocializinghasbeenrealizedbyteenagers.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明实验证明青少年动物和青少年人类类似，会故意冒险、受到同伴压力的影响。1.细节理解题。根据第五段“Anexampleisapracticecalled“predator(捕食者)inspection”whichmeansadolescentanimalsapproachpredatorsratherthanrunaway.Thetrade-offforthedangeristhattheycanwatch,smellandlearnaboutthepredator.Theygatherallkindsofinformationthatcankeepthemsaferasadults.”（一个例子是一种称为“捕食者检查”的做法，这意味着青少年动物接近捕食者而不是逃跑。危险的代价是它们可以观察、嗅到和了解捕食者。它们收集各种各样的信息，使它们成年后更安全。）可知，对于青少年动物来说，接近它们的敌人——捕食者，并观察捕食者的行为是危险但有价值的。故选A项。2.细节理解题。根据倒数第四段““Wefoundthatinthepresenceofpeers,adolescentmicedrankmorethantheydowhenthey’realone,”Steinbergsaid,“andthattheteenagersinthedrivingstudyalsotookmoreriskswhenotherswerearound.””（斯坦伯格说：“我们发现，在有同龄人在场的情况下，青少年老鼠比它们独自一人时喝得更多，而且驾驶研究中的青少年在别人在场时也会冒更多的风险。”）可知，青少年动物和人类会受到同伴压力的影响。故选C项。3.词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段““Forthemostpart,adolescents,humanandanimalalike,prefertobewithotheradolescents,”Steinbergsaid.”（斯坦伯格说：“在大多数情况下，青少年，无论是人还是动物，都喜欢和其他青少年在一起。”）可知，斯坦伯格认为青少年的动物和人类都喜欢和其他青少年在一起，动物和人类是类似的，都具有与同龄人交往的特征，划线句子表示“与同龄人交往是青少年共有的一种特征。”故选B项。BUrbanplannersmaysoonhaveanewwaytomeasuretrafficjams.Byputtinginthedifferentroutesbywhichvehiclescantravelbetweenlocations,researchershavedevelopedanewcomputeralgorithm(运算法则)thathelpsquantifyregionsofjamsinurbanareasandsuggestswaysaroundthem.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofPhysics:Complexity,usedtrafficspeedsfromtaxisinNewYorkCitytodemonstratehowroadinfrastructure(基础设施)anddriverbehaviorcancreatecomplexroadnetworksthatdifferamongcities.Theteamapproachedtheissuebydesigningacomputeralgorithmtocapturethetopology-orrelationshipbetweenthedifferentroutesbetweenlocations-ofroadnetworks.“WefoundthatthemostsignificanttrafficbottlenecksinManhattanseemtoariseasaresultofthecity’sstructurallayout,”saidstudyco-authorDanielCarmody.“Forexample,thefactthatabridgeentersManhattanatarangewheretrafficisalreadylimitedduetoCentralParkslowstrafficintheareaconsiderably.”TheresearchersperformedacomparativeanalysisusingtrafficpatternsinChengdu,China,totestifthealgorithmworksequallywellinareaswithdifferentlayouts.Manhattanhasalongandthinstructure,whileChengduisround.Therearesignificantdifferencesinthewaytrafficmovesbetweenthesetwodifferentsetups,theresearcherssaid.“ThebottlenecksinChengduseemtoariseduetothefunctionofthebuildingsinaparticulararea”Carmodysaid.“Forexample,itishardtotravelinandoutofthecentralbusinessdistrictinChengdubecauseofthelargeamountoftrafficalone.Beltways,orfasterstreetsaroundbusyareas,haveemergedincirclesaroundthisarea,whichisnotsurprisingbecausethisfeaturewasintentionallybuiltintothecity.”InManhattan,thebridgesandunderpassesthatformtheentryandexitpointscausetrafficslowdowns.However,inlowerManhattan,wheredriversseemtoobeythelowerpostedspeedlimits,trafficmovesmoresmoothly,forminganewtrafficbeltwaywiththesouthernendofCentralParkactingasablockbetweenlowerandcentralManhattan.“ItsurprisedusthatthereisanemergentbeltwayinsuchabusyareaofManhattan,”Carmodysaid.“Thisindicatesthat,unlikeinChengdu,beltwaysseemtoarisefromdriverbehaviorevenwhentheyaren’tpartofthestructuralplanofatrafficnetwork.”“Theresearchershaveimaginedthatthistechnologycouldgiveurbanplannersameanstoquantifytrafficpatterns,leadingtobettertraffic,”Carmodysaid.“Asmethodsoftransportationdevelop,newproblemswillemerge,andwehopethatourtoolswillgiveplannersnewwaystomeasurewhatisgoingonwithcitytraffic.”4.Accordingtothenewstudy,whatcontributestotrafficjamsinManhattan?A.Thenumberofbottlenecksandbeltways.B.Thelocationofbridgesandunderpasses.C.Roadfacilitiesanddriverbehavior.D.Roadsignsandurbanpopulation.5.ResearchersalsostudiedChengduinorderto.A.comparethelayoutsofthetwocitiesB.findbetterinfrastructureforonecityC.designtrafficpatternswiththealgorithmD.assesstheeffectivenessofthealgorithm6.WhydovehiclesmovefasterinlowerManhattan?A.Becauseoflowerpostedspeedlimits.B.Becausedriversfollowthetrafficrules.C.Becauseitisplannedinthetrafficnetwork.D.Becauseabeltwayhasemergedaroundthearea.7.Whoisthetargetofthisnewcomputeralgorithm?A.Cityplanners.B.Slowerdrivers.C.Infrastructuredevelopers.D.Roadsigndesigners.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员开发出了一种新的计算机运算法则，该法则可以帮助城市规划者量化城市地区的拥堵区域，处理交通堵塞的问题。4.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofPhysics:Complexity,usedtrafficspeedsfromtaxisinNewYorkCitytodemonstratehowroadinfrastructure(基础设施)anddriverbehaviorcancreatecomplexroadnetworksthatdifferamongcities.(这项发表在《物理学杂志：复杂性》上的研究，利用纽约市出租车的交通速度，展示了道路基础设施和司机的行为是如何在不同城市中创造出复杂的道路网络的)”可知，根据这项新研究，是道路设施与驾驶员行为导致了曼哈顿的交通堵塞。故选C项。5.推理判断题。根据第四段中“TheresearchersperformedacomparativeanalysisusingtrafficpatternsinChengdu,China,totestifthealgorithmworksequallywellinareaswithdifferentlayouts.(研究人员利用中国成都的交通模式进行了对比分析，以测试该运算法则在不同布局的地区是否同样有效)”可知，研究人员也对成都进行了研究，以评估运算法则的有效性。故选D项。6.细节理解题。根据第六段中“However,inlowerManhattan,wheredriversseemtoobeythelowerpostedspeedlimits,trafficmovesmoresmoothly(然而，在曼哈顿下城，司机似乎遵守较低的限速，交通移动更平稳)”可知，因为司机遵守交通规则，所以曼哈顿下城的车辆跑得更快。故选B项。7.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Urbanplannersmaysoonhaveanewwaytomeasuretrafficjams.(城市规划者可能很快就会有一种处理交通堵塞的新方法)”可知，这个新的计算机运算法则的目标人群是城市规划者。故选A项。C“Haveyoucheckedtheoilinthecar?”myfatherusedtosaytome,hisversionof“Hello,hopeyouarewell.”Sometimesourphonecallswouldbeginwithaninquiryabouttheoilandendwithaninquiryabouttheoil,withnotalotinbetween.Fathershavealotoflovetogive,butit’softensuppliedthroughthemediumofpracticaladvice.Theaffectionatephrase“Youmademylifebetterfromthemomentyouwereborn”mayberarelyheard,butthereisthemorecommon“I’llholdtheladderwhileyougettheleavesofftheroof.”Whycan’twefathersjustsay“Iloveyou”or“It’sgreattoseeyou”?Thepointis:That’sexactlywhatwearesaying.YoujusthavetotranslatefromthelanguagethatisFatherlish.Listencloselyenoughandthephrase“Iloveyou”canbeheardinthelengthier“IcouldcomearoundSaturdayandreplacethesiliconsealaroundthebaseofyourtoiletbecauseIreckonthatthingisgettingreallysmelly.”WhenIwas17,Iwentonmyfirstroadtrip.Myfatherstoodonthecornerinthepredawnofacoldmorningtobidusfarewell.“Highwaysaredangerous,”hesaid,“sodon’ttryovertakinganythingfasterthanahorseandbuggy.Andtakeabreakeverytwohours.Andeverytimeyoustopforgas,youreallyshouldchecktheoil.”Atthetimewethoughthisspeechwasfunnyandwouldchant“horse-and-buggy”everytimeIflooredtheaccelerator.Dad’slonggonenow.Butafteralltheseyears,IrealizethathadIownedacopyoftheFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary,I’dhaveunderstoodthatthespeechmyfriendandIsocasuallymockedwassimplyDad’sattemptataffection.8.Accordingtothepassage,howdofathersusuallyshowtheiraffection?A.Byinquiringtheirkids’car.B.Bydoingratherthansaying.C.Byofferinghelpfuladvice.D.Byaccompanyingtheirkids.9.Whydoestheauthormentionhisfirstroadtrip?A.Toexemplifytheuniqueparentalconcern.B.Toprovidesomebackgroundknowledge.C.Toexplainthereasonsformymocking.D.Topresentmyfather’sfunnyspeech.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Myfatherhasgonesomewherefaraway.B.Iregrettedmakingfunofmyfather’sspeech.CIownedacopyofFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary.D.Myfather’sspeechgotacrosstomewhenIwas17.11.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor’sfather?A.Caringandconsiderate.B.Devotedandgenerous.C.Talkativeandhumorous.D.Knowledgeableanddiligent.【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.A【解析】本文属于夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了作者的父亲用实用的建议和实际行动来表达对作者的爱。8.细节理解题。根据文中“Fathershavealotoflovetogive,butit’softensuppliedthroughthemediumofpracticaladvice.”（父亲们有很多爱可以给予，但通常是通过实用的建议来给予的。）可知，父亲是通过给作者提供许多使用的建议来表达他的爱。所以“Byofferinghelpfuladvice.”（通过提供有用的建议。）符合题意。故选C项。9.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Whycan’twefathersjustsay“Iloveyou”or“It’sgreattoseeyou”?Thepointis:That’sexactlywhatwearesaying.YoujusthavetotranslatefromthelanguagethatisFatherlish.”（为什么我们的父亲就不说"我爱你"或者"很高兴见到你"?其本质在于：这正是我们所说的。你需要从父亲式的语言中进行领悟。）可知，父亲们是在间接表达他们的孩子的关心；作者讲述自己17岁的那次旅行，目的就是为了表达父亲隐藏的爱。所以“Toexemplifytheuniqueparentalconcern.”（举例说明父母特有的关心）符合题意。故选A项。10.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dad’slonggonenow.Butafteralltheseyears,IrealizethathadIownedacopyoftheFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary,I’dhaveunderstoodthatthespeechmyfriendandIsocasuallymockedwassimplyDad’sattemptataffection.”（爸爸去世很多年了。但过了这么多年，我才意识到，如果我有一本父亲式语言的英语字典，我就会明白，我和朋友如此随意地嘲笑的那句话，只不过是父亲想表达爱意的一种尝试。）可知，作者在文中使用了虚拟语气“hadIowned…Iwouldhavedone”，可推断出作者是在表达一种遗憾和后悔情感。所以“Iregrettedmakingfunofmyfather’sspeech.”（我后悔嘲笑父亲的话。）符合题意。故选B项。11.推理判断题。从文中“Haveyoucheckedtheoilinthecar?”（你检查过车里的油了吗?）；“Hello,hopeyouarewell.”（希望你一切安好）；“I’llholdtheladderwhileyougettheleavesofftheroof.”（去取屋顶上的树叶，我帮你扶着梯子。）等这些语言里，可知父亲对孩子很关心，并且为孩子考虑的很周到。所以“Caringandconsiderate.”（关心和体贴。）符合题意。故选A项。DThefirstthingwenoticeaboutnewpeoplearetheirfaces.Thenexttimeweseethesepeople,werememberthembecauseweremembertheirfaces.Thisseemslikeasimpleprocess.However,scientistsfoundthatitisnotsuchasimpleprocess.Thesectionofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitionseemstoworkdifferentlyfordifferentpeople.Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostneverforgetaface.Normalbabiesarebornwithanaturalabilitytorecognizefaces.Infact,theirfacerecognitionabilitiesaremuchbetterthantheirparents.Babiesarehighlyskilledatfacerecognitionatsixmonths.Butbyninemonths,theylosethisskill,Byninemonths,ababy’sface-recognitionskillsareaboutthesameasanadult’s.Unfortunately,somepeoplearenotbornwiththisabilitytorecognizefaces.Thepartofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitiondoesn’tworkforthem.Thisconditioniscalledfaceblindness.Peoplewithveryseverefaceblindnesscannotevenrecognizetheirownfaces.Infact,peoplewiththisconditioncansometimesbefrightenedwhentheylookinthemirror.Theydon’trecognizetheirownface,soforasecondtheyarestartledwhentheyseethisunfamiliarface.Faceblindnessisnotalwayssevere.Scientistsbelieveupto10percentofthepopulationmaybeaffectedbyfaceblindnesstosomedegree,yetmanypeoplewithmildfaceblindnessmightnotevenknowtheyhaveit.Theyhavenoreasontoknowtheyaredifferentfromanyoneelseuntilsomeonepointsitout.Thisissimilartopeoplewithcolorblindness.Colorblindpeoplecan’tseethedifferencebetweencertaincolorssuchasredandgreen,untilsomeonetellsthemthatgreenandredaretwodifferentcolors.Thereisnocureforfaceblindness.Soforthetimebeing.peoplewithfaceblindnessneedtofindsimpletechniquestocompensatefortheirproblem.Theycantrytorecognizepeoplebytheirhairstyle,theirvoice,ortheirglasses.Hopefully,inthefutureasscientistslearnmoreaboutthiscondition,theywillfindacure.12.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout____________.A.thewaytoimproveone’sface-recognitionskillsB.thefactthatsomepeoplehaveface-recognitionproblemsC.thesimpleprocessofthebraintorecognizeothers’facesD.theimportanceoffacerecognitioninhumancommunication13.Whendopeoplehavethekeenskillsofface-recognition?A.Atbirth. B.Inadolescence.C.Halfayearold. D.Ninemonthsold.14.Theboldword“startled”inthe3rdparagraphisclosesinmeaningto_______________.A.confused B.surprisedC.excited D.depressed15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproblemoffaceblindness?A.Peopleneedtotakeitseriously. B.Itaffectsagreatnumberofpeople.C.Itcanbecuredinthenearfuture. D.Certaintechniquescanmakeupforit.【答案】12.B13.C14.B15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了面部识别方面的有关知识以及有些人存在面部识别的问题。12.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostneverforgetaface.”（有些人很难记住和辨认面孔，而另一些人几乎永远不会忘记面孔。）可知，第一段主要想说明，事实上，有些人有面部识别问题。故选B项。13.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Babiesarehighlyskilledatfacerecognitionatsixmonths.”（六个月大的婴儿面部识别能力很强。）可知人们在半周岁时具备敏锐的面部识别技能。故选C项。14.词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Peoplewithveryseverefaceblindnesscannotevenrecognizetheirownfaces.Infact,peoplewiththisconditioncansometimesbefrightenedwhentheylookinthemirror.”（严重的脸盲症患者甚至不能认出自己的脸。事实上，有这种情况的人有时候在照镜子的时候会感到惊恐）可知，一些脸盲症患者不认识自己的脸，照镜子都会害怕，再根据“Theydon’trecognizetheirownface,”（他们不认识自己的脸）可知，他们因为不认识自己的脸，所以看到一张陌生的面孔时会感到惊恐，startled应和frightened“受惊的”接近，选项中surprised与之词义最为接近。故选B项。15.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thereisnocureforfaceblindness.Soforthetimebeing.peoplewithfaceblindnessneedtofindsimpletechniquestocompensatefortheirproblem.Theycantrytorecognizepeoplebytheirhairstyle,theirvoice,ortheirglasses.Hopefully,inthefutureasscientistslearnmoreaboutthiscondition,theywillfindacure.”（脸盲症没有治疗方法。所以目前来说。脸盲症患者需要找到简单的技术来弥补他们的问题。他们可以尝试通过发型、声音或眼镜来识别人。）可知，某些技术可以弥补脸盲症患者的问题。故选D项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Can'tResistJunkFood?StudySuggestsYouTryThisSimpleTrickYou'retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchawhiffofsomethingdelicious,probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Itisfriedchicken!____16____Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices.Let'stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverappetizingtreatcatchesyournose'sattentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Whatwillhappenifyou'restandinginlineafteracoupleofminutes?____17____Andrecentsciencesaysthatthisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.Theresultsofaseriesofexperiments,includingfieldstudiesatasupermarketandatamiddleschoolcafeteria,showthatextendedexposure(ofmorethantwominutes)tojunkfoodsmell(e.g,cookiesmell)leadstolowerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscomparedwithhealthysmell(e.g.strawberrysmell).____18____Thatiswhylongexposuretojunkfoodsmellcanbeassatisfactoryasactuallyhavingitinyourmouth,whichinturndecreasesthedesireforconsumptionofjunkfood.____19____Whentheexposuretosmellofhealthyfoodwereexamined,foodchoiceswerenotprofoundlyinfluenced.Thereasonforthisisthathealthyfoodarenotconnectedwithrewardinourbrainandthereforehavelittleinfluenceonwhatwedesire.Sonexttimeyou'refeelingyoudon'thavethewillpowertoresistthatFrenchfriesitmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo.____20____A.Butwaitaminutebeforeyouorder.B.It'saresponsethathasbeenresearched.C.Getthesatisfactionwithnoneofthecalories.D.Itisn'tquiteasirresistibleasitwasjustmomentsago.E.However,it'snotthesamecasewithsmellofhealthyfood.F.It'sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.G.Thebraindoesn'tnecessarilydistinguishbetweenapleasurablesmellortaste.【答案】16.A17.D18.G19.E20.F【解析】本文为说明文，介绍了几项抵制垃圾食品诱惑的技巧。16.根据下一句“Anewresearchsaysthatexposingtothesmellofjunkfoodforatleasttwominutescanactuallyhelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoices."可知，暴露在垃圾食品中至少两分钟会帮助你选择健康食品，所以本句与等待时间有关，表达“但是在预定之前先等一下”。故A选项“但是在预定之前先等一下”切题。故选A。17.根据前文连发的两个问句可知，垃圾食品在第一次被闻到时非常吸引人，那么在排队等了几分钟之后会发生什么呢?根据下一句可知，这恰恰是要离开的时刻，可知，本句在表达“它已经不像几分钟之前那么不可抗拒了。”故D选项“它已经不像几分钟之前那么不可抗拒了”切题。故选D。18.根据本段开头提示，可知一系列的实验结果表明暴露在垃圾食品的气味中多于两分钟后会导致垃圾食品购买量的下降，在进行客观结果描述，所以排除易错选项F，同时，下一句在解释闻到气味就如同嘴巴吃到了一样满足。可知空处所在句要表达大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显。故G选项“大脑对味觉和嗅觉区分不明显”切题。故选选G。19.从下一句“当检测健康食物的气味时，食物选择并没有受到很大的影响。”可以得知空格内容与健康食物的气味相关，并且表达转折的语义。故E选项“然而，健康食物的味道就不一样了。”切题。故选E。20.根据前句“itmightbeassimpleassittingthereandsmellingallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo."（最简单的方法是坐在那里闻上一两分钟香甜的味道）与选项中“It’sthesameasactuallyeatingitbecauseyourdesiretoeatitissatisfied.(闻到味道与吃到它是一样可以满足愿望的。)承接自然，话题一致。故选F。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thelittlecountryschoolhousewasheatedbyacoalstove.Aneight-year-oldboynamedGlennhadthejobofusingkerosenetostartthefireandwarmtheroombeforehisteacherandhisclassmatesarrived.Onecoldmorningsomeone___21___filledthekerosenecontainerwithgasoline,anddisaster___22___.Theclassandteacherarrivedtofindtheschoolhouseburnedinflames.___23___onrealizingthatGlennwasinside,theyrushedinandmanagedtodragthe___24___boyoutoftheflamingbuilding.Hehadmajorburnsoverthelowerhalfofhisbodyandwastakentoanearbyhospital.Fromhisbedthedreadfullyburned,semi-consciousboyheardthedoctortalkingtohismother.Hersonwouldsurelydie.___25___theboydidn'twanttodie.Hewould___26___.Somehow,tothe___27___ofthephysician,hedidsurvive.Unfortunately,Glennhadnomotor___28___.Onesunnydayhismotherwheeledhimoutintotheyardtogetfreshair.Insteadofsittingthere,hethrewhimself___29___thechair.Glenn___30___himselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Heworkedhiswaytothewhitefence.Withgreat___31___,heraisedhimselfuponthefence.Hestartedtodothiseveryday___32___heworeasmoothpathallaroundtheyardbesidethefence.Therewas___33___hewantedmorethantodeveloplifeinthoselegs.Glenn'sironpersistenceanddetermination___34___.Hediddeveloptheabilityfirsttostandup,thentowalkwithhelp,thentowalkbyhimselfandthentorun.Heeventuallyreceivedthe___35___"KansasFlyer".21.A.deliberately B.secretlyC.mistakenlyD.cautiously22.A.struck B.stuckC.beat D.attracted23.A.ThrilledB.TerrifiedC.RegretfulD.Puzzled24.A.speechlessB.unconsciousC.blind D.deaf25.A.And B.OrC.But D.So26.A.survive B.resistC.escapeD.recover27.A.happiness B.reliefC.amazementD.confusion28.A.desire B.talentC.will D.ability29.A.into B.fromC.overD.upon30.A.helped B.managedC.pushedD.pulled31.A.effortB.encouragementC.CourageD.help32.A.because B.ifC.untilD.as33.A.something B.anythingC.everythingD.nothing34.A.paidfor B.paidoffC.paidbackD.paidup35.A.award B.rewardC.nicknameD.record【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.B25.C26.A27.C28.D29.B30.D31.A32.C33.D34.B35.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了男孩格伦在意外中失去了行动能力，最终通过坚持和决心恢复了站立的能力的故事。21.考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一个寒冷的早晨，有人误将煤油桶装满了汽油，灾难发生了。A.deliberately故意地；B.secretly秘密地；C.mistakenly错误地；D.cautiously谨慎地。根据后文“filledthekerosenecontainerwithgasoline”可知，有人误将煤油桶装满了汽油，故选C。22.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个寒冷的早晨，有人误将煤油桶装满了汽油，灾难发生了。A.struck罢工；B.stuck卡住；C.beat打败；D.attracted吸引。上文提到有人误将煤油桶装满了汽油，所以引起了灾难，strike此处表示“触发，发生”符合语境。故选A。23.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：意识到Glenn在里面，他们吓坏了，冲了进去，设法把失去知觉的男孩从燃烧的大楼里拖了出来。A.Thrilled激动的；B.Terrified害怕的；C.Regretful后悔的；D.Puzzled困惑的。根据后文“onrealizingthatGlennwasinside”可知他们意识到Glenn在里面，很害怕。故选B。24.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：意识到Glenn在里面，他们吓坏了，冲了进去，设法把失去知觉的男孩从燃烧的大楼里拖了出来。A.speechless说不出话的；B.unconscious昏迷的；C.blind盲目的；D.deaf聋的。结合上文动词drag表示“拖拽”可知，男孩当时失去了意识，无法自己行动。故选B。25.考查连词词义辨析。句意：但男孩不想死。A.And并且；B.Or或者；C.But但是；D.So所以。结合前后语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会活下来。A.survive幸存；B.resist抵抗；C.escape逃走；D.recover恢复。根据后文“hedidsurvive”可知此处指男孩存活、幸存下来。故选A。27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：令医生惊讶的是，不知怎的，他竟然活了下来。A.happiness幸福；B.relief安慰；C.amazement惊讶；D.confusion困惑。上文“Hersonwouldsurelydie”提到男孩会死，结果他竟然活了下来，令医生惊讶。故选C。28.考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，格伦没有行动能力。A.desire渴望；B.talent才能；C.will意愿；D.ability能力。根据后文“Insteadofsittingthere”可知格伦虽然存活下来了，但是没有了行动能力。故选D。29.考查介词词义辨析。句意：他没有坐在那里，而是从椅子上把自己拖了下来。A.into进入；B.from来自；C.over越过；D.upon在……上。根据上文“hethrewhimself”指格伦把自己从椅子拖上下来，故选B。30.考查动词词义辨析。句意：格伦拖着双腿穿过草地。A.helped帮助；B.managed管理；C.pushed推；D.pulled拉。根据后文“himselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim”可知格伦凭借自己的力量拖着双腿穿过草地。故选D。31.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他费了很大的劲才在篱笆上站起来。A.effort努力；B.encouragement鼓励；C.courage勇气；D.help帮助。根据后文“heraisedhimselfuponthefence”可知没有行动能力的格伦，费了很大的劲才在篱笆上站起来。故选A。32.考查连接词词义辨析。句意：他每天都这样做，直到在院子的篱笆旁铺上了一条平坦的小路。A.because因为；B.if如果；C.until直到；D.as正如。引导时间状语从句，表示“直到”应用until。故选C。33.考查不定代词辨析。句意：他最希望的就是让他的腿重获生命。A.something某事；B.anything任何事；C.everything一切；D.nothing没有什么。根据后文“hewantedmorethantodeveloplifeinthoselegs”可知格伦唯一的希望就是双腿恢复正常，故选D。34.考查动词短语辨析。句意：格伦的坚持和决心得到了回报。A.paidfor支付；B.paidoff取得成功；C.paidback报答；D.paidup全部付清。根据后文“Hediddeveloptheabilityfirsttostandup”可知格伦培养了站起来的能力，可见格伦的坚持和决心得到了回报。故选B。35.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他最终获得了“堪萨斯飞行者”的绰号。A.award奖；B.reward回报；C.nickname绰号；D.record记录。"KansasFlyer"是别人给格伦取得绰号。故选C。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa___36___(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers___37___(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth___38___(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremore___39___decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes___40___(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffice.___41___(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated___42___health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy___43___(care)forandmakegreatpresents.BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The___44___(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare_____45_____firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.【答案】36.celebration37.carries38.coming39.than40.decorated41.Certainly42.with43.tocare44.beautiful45.the【解析】本文是一篇说明文。语境是人与社会。文章介绍了中国的新年，寓意冬季的结束、春季的开始。还介绍了一些春节期间用来装扮的有些植物、水果和鲜花的寓意。36.考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始的节日。不定冠词a后接名词形式做表语。故填celebration。37.考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么