四川省成都市四七九名校高考适应性模拟考试（三）英语试题

2023届全国高考适应性模拟卷（三）英语本试卷分选择题和非选择题，共150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，务必将自己的姓名、班级和考籍号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。2.答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3.答非选择题时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。5.考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhydidTonyleaveadeepimpressiononeverybody?A.Hethrewhisbooksalloverthefloor.B.Hearrivedlateforschoolonthefirstday.C.Hegaveaperfectanswertotheteacher'squestion.2.WhatwillMichaelprobablydoontheweekend?A.Gooverhislessons.B.VisitthemuseumonSunday.C.Gotothelibrary.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onthephone.B.Inahotel.C.Inatravelagency.4.Whatdoesthemanworryabout?A.Theymightbelatefortheplane.B.Theymightfailtosigntheagreement.C.It'snoteasytobooknewplanetickets.5.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Saturday.B.Friday.C.Thursday.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段长对话，回答小题。6.Howmanychoicesdoesthe2022TeslaModel3offer?A.Two.B.Three.C.Five.7.Whatwillthewomanprobablydoatthesalesstore?A.Buythelatestmodel.B.Haveatestdrive.C.Paysomedeposit.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。8.Whatiswrongwiththewoman'sphone?A.Theoperatingsystemhasgonewrong.B.Shedroppeditonthefloorbyaccident.C.Shedownloadedtoomanyapplications.9.Whatisprobablytherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Husbandandwife.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。10.Whyhaven'tStacyandMattseeneachmuchrecently?A.Theyhavebeenworkinghard.B.Theyhaven'tgotalongwellwitheachother.C.Matthasbeenbusywiththedecorationofthelittlehouse.11.WhatwillStacyandMattdotogether?A.Workoutinthemorning.B.Rentaboatandgosailing.C.Lieinbedandcatchuponsleep.12.HowlonghasStacyandMattbeentogether?A.Formorethanthreeyears.B.Formorethanfouryears.C.Formorethanfiveyears.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。13.Whichsportsteamhaswonmanyprizes?A.Theschoolfootballteam.B.Thegirls'volleyballteam.C.Theschoolbasketballteam.14.Whatdoesthewomanprobablywanttodo?A.Watchavolleyballmatch.B.Playinabasketballmatch.C.Beanannounceratthebroadcastingstation.15.Whichclubisthewomanmostinterestedin?A.TheEnglishclub.B.Theradioclub.C.Themusicclub.16.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.He'sbeingtrainedtobeprofessional.B.Heneedsmotivationinordertostudywell.C.Hedoeswellinbothschoolactivitiesandhisstudies.听下面一段独白，回答小题。17.WhydidthespeakervolunteerinBeijing2022WinterOlympics?A.Hehadnothingtodoinwinter.B.Hewasfondofsports.C.HewantedtotravelinChina.18.Whatwasthespeakertodoasavolunteer?A.Guidetheaudiencetotheirplaces.B.Collectquestionsfromtheaudience.C.Introducetheregulationstotheplayers.19.Whatdidthespeakerdoinhisfreetime?A.Helearnedtomakedumplings.B.HewatchedsomeAfricanTVprograms.C.Hemadeotherslearnmoreabouthiscountry.20.Whatisthespeaker'spurposeofmakingthespeech?A.TosharehisOlympicvolunteeringexperiences.B.ToshowhisunderstandingoftheOlympicspirit.C.ToencouragelistenerstolearnaboutAfricancultures.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATravelingtoanewcountryyouhavelittleknowledgeaboutcanbearecipeforawkwardness.However,ifyoudoyourhomeworkbeforeyoutravel,youprepareyourselffortheunknown,spendless,andenjoymore.PutyourhealthandsafetyfirstTravelingtoareaswherecivilunrest(骚乱)ornaturaldisastersareoccurringcanputyouatrisk,soresearchcurrenteventsinyourdestination.SetanalertonGoogleAlertsforyourdestinationatleasttwoweeksbeforeyourtrip.Thiswillprovideyouwithrelevantnewsstoriesaboutyourdestinationonadailybasis.Youcanalso:√Checkyourgovernment'straveladvisorywebsite.√Asklocalresidentsviasocialmediaoronlineforums.√Contactthehotel'smanagerortheowneroftheplacewhereyouarestaying.Don'tletfoulweatherruinatripBeforetraveling,knowtheweatheryou’llencounterthere.Poorweatherupsetstravelplanseveryday.Forinternationaltrips,thatimpactcanbemorefarreaching.Takethissituationforinstance.Athunderstormdelaysyourinternationalflight.Thatdelaycausesyoutomissyourconnectingflighttoyourdestinationcity.Now,youwon’tbeabletoarriveuntiladaylater,whichmeansallofyourreservations,hotel,rentalcar,eventtickets,etc.,mustbechangedorcancelled.However,sincethesereservationsareoftennonrefundable(不可退款的),youcouldbestuckpayingforthingsyoucannotuse.Luckily,atravelinsuranceplancanallowyoutobepensatedforcoveredexpensesyouarenotabletouse,protectingyourwalletfromtheuncertaintiesofinternationaltravel.TakecareofyourtraveldocumentsTouristsareeasytargetsforthieves.Carryingoriginalsofyourimportantdocumentscanallowthemtogetstolenorlost.Keepscannedversionsofthesedocumentshandy:photocopyofyourpassport,proofoffinancialsupportforyourtrip,yourplanetickets,detailsofthepurposeofyourtrip,applicationfeeandtravelinsurance.1.WhatmaybethefunctionofGoogleAlerts?A.Ithelpsyouchecktraveladvisorywebsite.B.Ithelpsyoumunicatewithlocalresidents.C.Itpreventsyoufromgettinginvolvedinthecivilunrest.D.Itinformsyouofthelatesthappeningsinyourdestination.2.Howcanyourecoverpartofthemoneyyou’vepaidforthingsyoucannotuse?A.Byavoidingpayingonlineinadvance. B.Bymakingplaintstothemanagers.C.Bybuyingrelevantinsurancebeforehand. D.Bycheckingtheweatherforecastcarefully.3.Youshouldmakecopiesofyourimportanttraveldocuments________.A.incaseofemergency B.tokeeptheoriginalssafeC.sothattheywillnotgetstolen D.becausetheyareneededinmanysituations【答案】1.D2.C3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要说明了一些外出旅行的建议和注意事项。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“SetanalertonGoogleAlertsforyourdestinationatleasttwoweeksbeforeyourtrip.Thiswillprovideyouwithrelevantnewsstoriesaboutyourdestinationonadailybasis.(至少在旅行前两周在谷歌提醒上为您的目的地设置提醒。这将每天为您提供有关目的地的相关新闻报道)”可知，谷歌提醒的功能是告诉你目的地的最新情况。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Luckily,atravelinsuranceplancanallowyoutobepensatedforcoveredexpensesyouarenotabletouse,protectingyourwalletfromtheuncertaintiesofinternationaltravel.(幸运的是，旅行保险计划可以让你在无法使用的费用范围内得到补偿，保护你的钱包免受国际旅行的不确定性)”可知，提前购买相关保险才能收回你为你不能使用的东西支付的部分钱。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Touristsareeasytargetsforthieves.Carryingoriginalsofyourimportantdocumentscanallowthemtogetstolenorlost.Keepscannedversionsofthesedocumentshandy:photocopyofyourpassport,proofoffinancialsupportforyourtrip,yourplanetickets,detailsofthepurposeofyourtrip,applicationfeeandtravelinsurance.(游客很容易成为小偷的目标。携带重要文件的原件可能会让它们被盗或丢失。随身携带这些文件的扫描版本：护照复印件，旅行经济支持证明，机票，旅行目的的详细信息，申请费和旅行保险)”可知，你应该把重要的旅行证件复印一份，以免原件被盗。故选C。BIwastravelingwithmyhusbandandthreeteenagesonsintheUnitedStates.Weorderedourfoodatafastfoodplace,andwithmymealIalsowantedablueberrypie.Myhusbandisthechattyoneinthefamilyandlikestosocialize,sohestartedaconversationabouttheplacewhereblueberriesgrowwiththewaitress.Sheanswered,withsomeanxiety,“Theygrowontrees.”Thewholefamily’sjawsdropped!Howcouldthisgirlnotknowwhereblueberriesgrow?Wetriednottoembarrassher,andjusttooktheopportunitytoteachheralittleabouthowblueberriesgrow,onsmallshrubs(灌木)ontheground.Sheseemedtoappreciatelearningsomethingnew.Wecan’tknowallthesamethings,asyou'llseefromthenextthingI'mgoingtotellyou.In2002ourfamilymadeashorttriptoacoffeeplantation.Theroadtotheplantationwasnarrow,filledwithsharpbends.Iworriedabouthittinganothercar.Wedidn’t,luckyus!Whenwefinallygottoourdestination,welearnedalotabouttheplantationandcoffeeproduction,butwedidn’tseeanycoffeeplants.Wherewerethey?Wedecidedtoaskoneofthepeopleworkingthere.“Sowherearethecoffeeplants?Wecan’tseethemanywhere.”Shereachedoutherarmandcaughtatwig(细枝)rightnexttousandexplained,“Thisisthecoffeeplantandtheselittlethingswillbecoffeebeans.”Ilookedaroundinembarrassment,asweweresurroundedbycoffeeplants!Sheexplainedthatcoffeeplantsaren’tbigandthattheyhavetogrowintheshadeofotherbiggerplants.Iappreciatedherlesson.Weloveourcoffee,butI’msuremostofmycountrymenwouldnotbeabletorecognizeacoffeeplantamongothertropicalplantsifasked.Ourjawscandropatdifferentthings,dependingongeographicallocations,atwhatweknowanddon’tknow.Nevertakeanythingforgranted!4.Bysaying“Thewholefamily’sjawsdropped!”,theauthormeansthat________.A.thewaitresswasextremelyignorant B.thewaitressgavethestrangestanswerC.thewholefamilywasgreatlysurprised D.thewholefamilyhadproblemswiththeirmouths5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewaitress?A.Curious. B.Chatty. C.Selfcentered. D.Stubborn.6.Whatcanwelearnabouttheblueberryplantandthecoffeeplant?A.Theyproducethesamebeans. B.Theygrowinthetropicalareas.C.Theylookverysimilartoeachother. D.Theyareshrubsgrowingontheground.7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthepassage?A.Thepotcallsthekettleblack. B.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.C.Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover. D.Therearespotsevenonthesun.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过两个故事讲述了由于受到地缘和认知的局限，世界上还有许多我们不了解的事物，所以我们可以从中得到的启发是我们应该一直学习，因为学习是一个永无止境的过程。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Sheanswered,withsomeanxiety,“Theygrowontrees.”(她有些焦虑地回答说：“它们长在树上。”)”以及第二段“Thewholefamily’sjawsdropped!Howcouldthisgirlnotknowwhereblueberriesgrow?(全家人都大吃一惊！这个女孩怎么会不知道蓝莓生长在哪里？)”可知，作者全家人对于女服务员的回答都大吃一惊。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Sheseemedtoappreciatelearningsomethingnew.(她似乎很喜欢学习新东西)”可知，女服务员具有好奇心，很喜欢学习新东西。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Wetriednottoembarrassher,andjusttooktheopportunitytoteachheralittleabouthowblueberriesgrow,onsmallshrubs(灌木)ontheground.(我们尽量不让她难堪，只是利用这个机会教她一点关于蓝莓是如何在地上的小灌木上生长的)”及倒数第二段“heexplainedthatcoffeeplantsaren'tbigandthattheyhavetogrowintheshadeofotherbiggerplants.(他解释说，咖啡树并不大，它们必须在其他大植物的树荫下生长)”可知，蓝莓植物和咖啡植物是生长在地面上的灌木。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Wecan'tknowallthesamethings,asyou'llseefromthenextthingI'mgoingtotellyou.(我们不可能知道同样的事情，你会从我接下来要告诉你的事情中看到)”以及文章的最后一段“Ourjawscandropatdifferentthings,dependingongeographicallocations,atwhatweknowanddon'tknow.Nevertakeanythingforgranted!(根据地理位置的不同，我们会对我们知道的和不知道的事情感到惊讶。永远不要认为任何事情都是理所当然的)”可知，由于受到地缘和认知的局限，世界上还有许多我们不了解的事物。由此推知，D项：Therearespotsevenonthesun.(太阳上也有黑子)合乎题意。告诉我们世界上还有许多我们不了解的事物，我们应该一直学习，因为学习是一个永无止境的过程。故选D。CInAmerica’sretirementcrisis,womengettheshortendofthestick.Whilewomenhavealifetimetobuilduptheirwealth,thereareseveralfactorsthatimpacttheirabilitytoachieveeconomicsecurityintoretirement.Retirementisagender(性别)issue.Wealthisaccumulatedbysavingandlongterminvesting,butwomenareatadisadvantageparedwithmen.ATIAAreportfoundthatiftworecentcollegegraduates,amanandawoman,wanttohavethesameamountsavedforretirement,itwouldtakeabout18%ofthewoman’ssalarytoequal10%oftheman’ssalary.Thereasonsaresimple.Womenareusuallypaidlessandtendtoreceivefewersalaryincreases.Andwomenusuallyretirerelativelyearlier,sothisgivesthemlesstimetoaccumulatewealth.Womenhavelongerlifeexpectancy.Asaresult,theyoftenfacefinancialinstabilityinretirement.Investingisanotherissue.Whiletheinvestingindustrywouldtellyouwe’regenderneutral,99%ofinvestmentdollarsaremanagedatpaniesownedbywhitemen,98%ofmutual(互助)funddollarsaremanagedbymen,90%oftradersaremen,and86%offinancialadvisorsaremen.Maybethereasonwomenaren’tinvestingasmuchisthatitisdominatedbymen.Thepandemichasagreaterimpactonwomen.Womenwhoareprivilegedenoughtoworkfromhomehavelostproductivitybydoubledigitpercent,whilemenhavegainedproductivity,likegainsof50%.Thepromotionsthathaveoccurredduringthepandemichadgonesomethinglike3to1tomen.Alargenumberofwomenworkinindustriesthathavebeendeeplyaffectedbythepandemic,includinghospitality,retail,restaurantsandcaregiving,occupationsthatrequireinpersonwork.Withthesebusinesseshavingtoeitherlayoffemployeesortemporarilyshutdown,andwithdomesticandcaretakerresponsibilities,manywomenhaveoptedtoleavetheworkforcealtogether.Howcantheretirementriskswomenfaceberelieved?That’swhatthegovernmentshouldtakeintoconsideration.8.Allthefollowingfactorscontributetowomen’sfinancialrisksinretirementEXCEPT________.A.womenaregenerallypaidlessthanmenB.womenlivelongerthanmenonaverageC.womensavemoreoftheirsalariesthanmenD.womenmayretireafewyearsearlierthanmen9.Howdoesthepandemicespeciallyaffectwomen?A.Womenhappilychoosetoworkathome.B.Theirineisreducedmorethaneverbefore.C.Women’sproductivityhasbeenreducedto50%online.D.Onlyonethirdofwomengetthechancetobepromoted.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“gettheshortendofthestick"inParagraphImean?A.Beatadisadvantage. B.Beinagreatdilemma.C.Travelashortdistance. D.Beeunabletoreachone’sgoal.11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Whetherwomenarestillbeingdiscriminated.B.Whywomenfacemoreretirementrisksthanmen.C.Howthegovernmentcanhandletheretirementrisks.D.Whywomenshouldtakemeasurestosolvetheirretirementproblems.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国退休危机中，女性处于不利地位，解释了女性退休风险的几个因素。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Wealthisaccumulatedbysavingandlongterminvesting,butwomenareatadisadvantageparedwithmen.ATIAAreportfoundthatiftworecentcollegegraduates,amanandawoman,wanttohavethesameamountsavedforretirement,itwouldtakeabout18%ofthewoman’ssalarytoequal10%oftheman’ssalary.(财富是通过储蓄和长期投资积累起来的，但与男性相比，女性处于劣势。TIAA的一份报告发现，如果两位刚毕业的大学毕业生，一男一女，想要为退休储蓄相同的金额，那么女性工资的18%才能相当于男性工资的10%)”可知，C选项“女性比男性储蓄更多的薪水”不是导致女性退休后的财务风险的因素。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thepandemichasagreaterimpactonwomen.Womenwhoareprivilegedenoughtoworkfromhomehavelostproductivitybydoubledigitpercent,whilemenhavegainedproductivity,likegainsof50%.(这一流行病对妇女的影响更大。那些有幸在家工作的女性的工作效率下降了两位数，而男性的工作效率却提高了，比如提高了50%)”以及“Withthesebusinesseshavingtoeitherlayoffemployeesortemporarilyshutdown,andwithdomesticandcaretakerresponsibilities,manywomenhaveoptedtoleavetheworkforcealtogether.(由于这些企业要么裁员，要么暂时关闭，而且还要承担家务和保姆的责任，许多女性选择完全离开职场)”可知，疫情让妇女的收入比以前减少得更多。故选B。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Whilewomenhavealifetimetobuilduptheirwealth,thereareseveralfactorsthatimpacttheirabilitytoachieveeconomicsecurityintoretirement.(虽然女性有一生的时间积累财富，但有几个因素会影响她们在退休后获得经济保障的能力)”结合后文主要说明了女性退休后相比男性，有更多风险，故在美国的退休危机中，女性处于劣势地位。故划线词意思是“处于劣势”，故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“InAmerica’sretirementcrisis,womengettheshortendofthestick.Whilewomenhavealifetimetobuilduptheirwealth,thereareseveralfactorsthatimpacttheirabilitytoachieveeconomicsecurityintoretirement.(在美国的退休危机中，女性受到了不公平的待遇。虽然女性有一生的时间积累财富，但有几个因素会影响她们在退休后获得经济保障的能力)”结合文章主要说明了美国退休危机中，女性处于不利地位，解释了女性退休风险的几个因素。可知，这篇文章的主旨是为什么女性比男性面临更多的退休风险。故选B。DAdraftofanewbillaimedatfightingfoodwastewasapprovedbyacountry’sCouncilofMinistersinSpain,andwillnowproceedtoParliament.Onceapproved,thelawcouldtakeeffectinearly2023.Thegoalistoreducetheamountoffoodthatgoestowaste,whichiscurrentlyestimatedtobearound1,300tonnes(公吨)annually.Thatworksouttoroughly68poundsperSpaniard,valuedaround€250.Whilemorethanhalfofthatwaste(54%)takesplaceathome,thebillisaimedmoreattheretailandhospitalitysectors.ThelawisthefirstofitskindinthecountrymodeledonsimilarlawsinItalyandFrance.Itwouldallowthegovernmenttodealwithinefficienciesinthefoodchain.Mediumscaleandlargescaleretailersandrestaurantswillberequiredtopresentplansforfoodwastepreventionanddisposal,outliningwhathappenstosurplus(过剩)food.Donatingtofoodbanksisencouraged,aslongasthefoodisstillsafeforconsumption.Ifit’sstartingtogobad,thebillsuggestschangingitslightlyinsafeways,suchasmakingjuiceorjam.Ifit’snotgoodforhumanconsumption,thentheitemcanbeusedforanimalfeedorintheproductionofbiofuelorfertilizers.Barsandrestaurantsmustprovidefreepackagingforgueststotakefoodhomeiftheyhavenotfinishedit.WhileitisastandardpracticeinNorthAmerica,thisisnotmoninSpainforculturalreasons.Whensupermarketshavefoodnearingexpiry(到期),theymustsellitatdiscountordonateitbeforeitgoesbad.Allpaniesinthefoodchainarerequiredtoencouragesalesanduseofinseason,localandorganicproduceasmuchaspossible.Therewillbeseriousfinancialfinesforbusinessesthatfailtoobey,rangingfrom€6,000to€150,000.Secondoffensescostevenmore,asmuchashalfamillionEuros.Itisimpossibletooutlineaperfectapproach,butanymeasurestoinformandencouragetoactionareanimprovement.Reducingthewastecouldgoalongwaytowardcheckingemissionsandfightingtheclimatecrisis.12.Thedraftofanewbillwasapproved________.A.topreventfoodfromgoingbadB.tomakefulluseoffoodthatmaygotowasteCtomainlystopfoodfrombeingwastedathomeD.tofollowItalianandFrenchexamplestosaveresources13.Whatshouldbedoneaccordingtothenewlaw?A.Foodgoingbadisencouragedtobedonatedtofoodbanks.B.Allleftoversshouldbeusedtoproducebiofuelorfertilizers.C.Retailersandrestaurantsmustmakeplansaboutsurplusfood.D.Consumershavetopayforplasticpackaginginbarsandrestaurants.14.Theunderlinedword“offenses”inParagraph7canbereplacedby________.A.violations B.attacks C.attachments D.trials15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howtodealwithoursurplusfood B.AplantohandlefoodwasteinSpainC.Seriousfoodproblemswearestillfacing D.Theimportanceofconservingfoodresources【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了西班牙出台新的草案，来避免食物浪费。文章介绍了新法的一些规定和违规的罚款情况。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thegoalistoreducetheamountoffoodthatgoestowaste,whichiscurrentlyestimatedtobearound1,300tonnes(公吨)annually.(其目标是减少浪费的食物数量，目前估计每年浪费的食物约为1300吨)”可知，新法案草案获得通过是为了充分利用可能被浪费的食物。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Whensupermarketshavefoodnearingexpiry(到期),theymustsellitatdiscountordonateitbeforeitgoesbad.(当超市有即将过期的食品时，他们必须在食品变质前打折出售或捐赠)”可知，根据新法，零售商和餐馆必须为剩余的食物制定计划。故选C。14题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Therewillbeseriousfinancialfinesforbusinessesthatfailtoobey,rangingfrom€6,000to€150,000.(不遵守规定的企业将面临6000欧元至15万欧元不等的巨额罚款)”以及后文“costevenmore,asmuchashalfamillionEuros.”可知，不遵守规定的企业将面临6000欧元至15万欧元不等的巨额罚款，第二次违规的代价更高，高达50万欧元。故划线词意思是“违规”。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Adraftofanewbillaimedatfightingfoodwastewasapprovedbyacountry’sCouncilofMinistersinSpain,andwillnowproceedtoParliament.Onceapproved,thelawcouldtakeeffectinearly2023.(西班牙部长会议通过了一项旨在打击食物浪费新法案草案，现在将提交议会。一旦获得批准，该法律将于2023年初生效)”结合文章主要说明了西班牙出台新的草案，来避免食物浪费。文章介绍了新法的一些规定和违规的罚款情况。可知，B选项“西班牙处理食物浪费的计划”最符合文章标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mathcausesanxietyforkids.Itisworsenedbythepressureofknowingthatmathisthegatekeepertoscienceandtechnologythatdriveoursociety.Whenourkidsaskwhytheyneedtoknowalgebra,wetellthemthatitwillbeuseful.____16____Humanslikethepractical,butweknowthatthereismuchmoretolife.AsAristotlesaid,knowledgebeginswithwonder.butwhatwonderisthereinalgebraorcalculus(微积分)?Notmuch.Nowondermathcreatesboredom(无聊).Yettheyarethecornerstoneofmatheducation.Therefore,mathcausesanxiety.____17____Dowhatmathematiciansdoandseekoutunexplored,unknown,undiscoveredmath.Regrettably,themathematicaljourneyisimaginedasaterrifyingmountain:Thewidebaseisarithmetic,accessibletoeveryone.Climbinghigherbringsustoalgebra,geometry,andeventuallycalculusandbeyond.____18____Inreality,mathisaliveandstilladvancing,andmostofitremainsavastandunexploredcountryside.____19____Manyofthemareaccessibleforourkids.Here’sone:Caneveryevennumberbewrittenasasumoftwoprimenumbers(质数)?Evennumberssuchas8and30canbewrittenas3+5and7+23.____20____Noonehasprovedityet.Asourkidstrytosolvethiskindofproblems,anencouragingtruthwillappearintheiranxioushearts:It’sOKtostrugglewithmathsinceeveryonedoes.Theseunsolvedpuzzlesmakeusrealizethatweareonthesamelevelasthegreatmathematicians,allofusstaringovertheunknownabyss(深渊),lookingforawaydownintothemystery.A.Girlscandoaswellasboysinmath.B.Butcanthisbedoneforeveryevennumber?C.Butdowelistentojazzbecauseitisuseful?D.Happily,unlockingthepleasureofmathissimple.E.Butdotheyreallyunderstandtheimportanceofmath?F.Webelievethatnewmathideashavebeennearlyexhausted.G.Freshideasareconstantlybeingdiscovered,openingupnewandfascinatingpuzzles.【答案】16.C17.D18.F19.G20.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了数学会引起孩子们的焦虑，介绍了数学的作用以及对社会的影响。【16题详解】根据上文“Whenourkidsaskwhytheyneedtoknowalgebra,wetellthemthatitwillbeuseful.(当我们的孩子问为什么他们需要学习代数时，我们告诉他们这很有用)”以及后文“Humanslikethepractical,butweknowthatthereismuchmoretolife.(人类喜欢实用，但我们知道生活远不止于此)”可知，本句与上文构成转折关系，举出不需要有用的例子，C选项中useful对应上文useful。故C选项“但是我们听爵士乐是因为它有用吗？”符合语境，故选C。【17题详解】根据后文“Dowhatmathematiciansdoandseekoutunexplored,unknown,undiscoveredmath.(做数学家所做的，寻找未被探索、未知、未被发现的数学)”可知，后文给出了建议是做数学家所做的。由此可知，此处是在建议开启数学的学习乐趣。故D选项“令人高兴的是，开启数学的乐趣很简单。”符合语境，故选D。【18题详解】根据上文“Regrettably,themathematicaljourneyisimaginedasaterrifyingmountain:Thewidebaseisarithmetic,accessibletoeveryone.Climbinghigherbringsustoalgebra,geometry,andeventuallycalculusandbeyond.(遗憾的是，数学之旅被想象成一座可怕的山：广阔的基础是算术，人人都能接触到。爬得越高，我们就会学到代数、几何，最后是微积分，甚至更多)”可知，上文列举了数学的一些概念，本句为本段最后一句，应说明数学概念所到达的程度。故F选项“我们认为新的数学概念已经几乎用尽了。”符合语境，故选F。【19题详解】根据上文“Inreality,mathisaliveandstilladvancing,andmostofitremainsavastandunexploredcountryside.(在现实中，数学是有生命的，仍在发展，而且大部分仍然是一个广阔的、未开发的田园)”可知，上文提到了数学仍在发展，说明还有新的数学知识被人所发现，故G选项“新鲜的想法不断被发现，开启了新的迷人的谜题。”符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“Here’sone:Caneveryevennumberbewrittenasasumoftwoprimenumbers(质数)?Evennumberssuchas8and30canbewrittenas3+5and7+23.(这里有一个问题：每个偶数都可以写成两个素数的和吗？像8和30这样的偶数可以写成3+5和7+23)”以及后文“Noonehasprovedityet.(目前还没有人证明这一点)”可知，本句主要针对上文“每个偶数都可以写成两个素数的和”这一情况进行设问，指出是否每个偶数都可以这样。故B选项“但是对每个偶数都可以这样做吗？”符合语境，故选B。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenDr.Hendersonwasassigningprojectmatesforhispsychologyclass,Ineverexpectedhewouldassignmetoworkwiththefiercelypetitive,extremelyseriousfellowwhoalwayswore____21____clothesandapparentlyhada____22____tomatch.WhenIwentuptohim,helookedatme____23____Iweren’tthere.Hewasn’t____24____,buthejustgavemetheimpressionthathecoulddobetterwhateverprojectwedreamedupifhedidit____25____.Theprojectrequiredeachteamtodevelopahypothesis(假说),setupanexperimentto____26____thehypothesis,dothestatisticalanalysisand____27____thefindings.Whatevergradetheteamreceivedwouldbe____28____bybothstudents.Whenwemettodiscussourproject,Ifelt____29____.Hehadareputationforsinglemindednessand_____30_____gradestheexactoppositeofme.Iwasoutmatched.Ievenconsidereddroppingout,but_____31_____becauseIdidn’twanttogivehimthesatisfactionofmy_____32_____out.Afterlongdiscussionswesomehowagreedtodoastudyonthe_____33_____wellbeingofteenagers.Westartedtomeetregularlytodrawupourplans.Hekepthisbrain_____34_____intheproject,leavingmestandingbyasifIwerea_____35_____.“Whatadullprojectitis!”Imurmuredtomyself.However,somethingchangedgraduallyasIknewmore.Thankstotheseriousfellow,theprojectwentclosetothefinalstage_____36_____.Onedayhewas_____37_____tohospitalforadisease.Withoutdelay,Ipackedupmyschoolbag,tookallthestatisticsand_____38_____tothehospital.Seeingthepalefellowwearingpurewhiteclothesinsteadoftheannoyingdarkclothes,Ifeltasenseof_____39_____.Withhisguidance,Ifinishedtheprojectandpresentedthefindings.Itturnedouttobesuchanamazingandpersuasivestudythatwewonthebestgrade.Now,wehavebeenthemostreliablecooperative_____40_____eversince!21.A.fashionable B.dark C.red D.cheap22.A.personality B.score C.regulation D.sight23.A.evenif B.until C.because D.asthough24.A.thin B.friendly C.smart D.mean25.A.slowly B.carefully C.alone D.apart26.A.test B.observe C.discuss D.record27.A.present B.conclude C.review D.publish28.A.cooperated B.divided C.improved D.shared29.A.thrilled B.uneasy C.challenging D.curious30.A.bad B.good C.unusual D.correct31.A.ranshort B.checkedout C.stoppedshort D.checkedin32.A.facing B.swallowing C.sticking D.chickening33.A.physical B.psychological C.outstanding D.unknown34.A.occupied B.addicted C.trapped D.conneeted35.A.professional B.fool C.danger D.inspector36.A.occasionally B.hardly C.smoothly D.swiftly37.A.required B.permitted C.admitted D.adopted38.A.drew B.dashed C.pushed D.rushed39.A.pride B.sympathy C.confidence D.discouragement40.A.partners B.groups C.pioneers D.scientists【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.D25.C26.A27.A28.D29.B30.B31.C32.D33.B34.A35.B36.C37.C38.D39.B40.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者心理学课上被分配给一个严肃，不苟言笑的人做搭档，作者从一开始对他持有偏见，到最后两人顺利完成项目，成为了最好的合作搭档。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当亨德森博士为他的心理学课分配项目伙伴时，我从来没有想到他会把我分配给一个竞争激烈、极其严肃的家伙，他总是穿着深色的衣服，显然有一种与之相配的