Unit 2 单元测试（原卷版）

UNIT2单元测试（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共30分，略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThefireworksthatyouseearemostlikelymadeinChina.Thecountrythatmakes90%oftheworld’sfireworksisalsowheretheywereinvented.MosthistoriansbelievethattheChineseusedfirecrackersasearlyasthesecondcenturyB．C．Manycountriesholdgrandfireworksshowattheirimportantcelebrations.Canadians,forexample,putonfireworksshoweveryJuly1tocelebratetheirownnationalbirthday,astheFrenchdoonJuly14tomarktheanniversaryoftheirrevolution.ButtheUnitedStatesofAmericaimportsmostoftheworld’sfireworks,spendingmorethan$650milliononthemperyear.TheWaltDisneyCo.alonebuysabout$50millionworth.Amixtureofgunpowderandotherflammablecompounds(混合物)causesfireworkstoexplodeacrosstheskyinallthoseprettycolorsandfunshapes.Copper,forinstance,burnsbrightbluewhilestrontium(锶)createsdeepred.Together,theyproducepurple.Buttheoutlinesfireworksformdependontheplacementofthesecompoundsinsidetheircasing(knownastheshell),aswellastheshapeoftheshellitself.Forcenturiestheonlywaytosetofffireworkswasbyhand,butcomputercontrolledequipmentcameoutinthe1980s.Automationmeansmorepreciselytimedexplosions,makingthedisplaysmoresatisfying,nottomentionsafer.Asyoumightimagine,settingofffireworkscanreleaseharmfulsubstancesintotheair.Forexample,achemicalthathasbeenlinkedtothyroid(甲状腺)problems.“Environmentallyfriendly”

fireworksweredevelopedattherequestoftheWaltDisneyCo.afteritreceivedsmokecomplaintsfromneighborsofDisneyland.Nowadays,anevenmoreeco-friendlyalternativetotraditionalfireworksisbeingincreasinglyadopted:usingsmallaircraftswithoutpilotstotraceflashypatternsinthesky.Withthem,there’salsoamuchsmallerriskofcausingwildfires.Theeco-friendlyfireworksindustryisexpectedtogrowalmost20%betweennowand2027.1．Whichcountryhasthegreatestdemandforfireworkseveryyear?A．Canada. B．China. C．France. D．TheUSA．2．Whatdoesthecoloroffireworksmainlydependon?A．Theshapeoftheshell. B．Theamountofgunpowder.C．Thetypeofaddedmetals. D．Theplacementofcompounds.3．Whatcanbeinferredaboutfireworksindustryfromthetext?A．It’sdisappearinggradually.B．It’stryingtokeepupwithtimes.C．It’sbecomingamajorpollutionsource.D．It’slosingpopularityamongtheyoung.4．Wherecanthetextbefound?A．Asciencefiction. B．Apopularmagazine.C．Anacademicpaper. D．Anofficialdocument.BIfsomeonecreatedaflyingmachinecapableoftrackingyoudownbylisteningforyourvoice,youmightbeterrified.Butwhatifyouweretrappedinruinsafteranaturaldisasterandfirstresponderscouldn’tlocateyou?Maybethenahuman-seekingdrone(无人机)wouldn’tbesuchaterribleidea.ThatconceptisthefocusforengineersatGermany’sFraunhoferFKIEInstitute,who’vebuiltadronetofindpeoplebydetecting(探测)humanscreams.“Thehuman-seekingdronewouldbeidealforpost-disastersituations,”saidMacarenaVarela,oneoftheleadengineers.“Theycouldhoveroveranareathatrescuecrewshavedifficultygettingtoandlocateexactlywherepeoplemaybetrapped.”Anauditory(听觉的)systemwouldneedtodistinguishhumancriesfromsoundsthatoftenhappeninnature,suchasanimalcallsandwind.Itmightalsoneedtorecognizepatternsassociatedwithkicking,clappingorotherwayspeopletrytogettheattentionofrescueteams.Engineerstookthosesituationsintoaccountwhenbuildingouttheirconceptdrone.Theyrecordedthemselvesscreaming,tappingandcreatingothernoisesthatmightbeasignofpeopleintrouble.Then,theyanalyzedeachsoundfrequencytofindcommonsignaturesandusedthosetotrainartificialintelligencesoftware.Theyalsoworkedtoremovethenoisecreatedbythedroneandotherenvironmentalsounds.Oncethesoftwarepartwascomplete,theteamplacedtinydigitalmicrophonesunderthedroneandusedsignalprocessingtechniquesthatenabledthemtotrackwherehumannoisesarecomingfrom.Themicrophonesalsoenhancedthevolumeandclarityofthespeech.Sofar,theyhaveconductedsuccessfulopenfieldexperiments,findingthatthedronecanestimateavictim’slocationwithinafewsecondsofpickingupsound.Next,theywouldliketoaddahigherfrequencymicrophonetoadronetoacquiremoreaudiosoundsignals.5．Whatistheadvantageofthehuman-seekingdrone?A．Itshighspeedofflying. B．Itslongworkinghours.C．Itsquickresponsetoscreams. D．Itseasyaccesstodisasterscene.6．Whatcantheauditorysystemdo?A．Makeouthumancries. B．Pickupsoundsfromfaraway.C．Sendvictim’slocationdatatoatablet. D．Improvethequalityofhumanscreams.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“signatures”inparagraph3referto?A．Effects. B．Symbols. C．Situations. D．Features.8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AIEnablesDronestoGiveBetterPerformance.B．EngineersTeachDronestoHuntHumanScreams.C．Human-seekingDronesReplaceRescueCrews.D．RescuersUseDronestoLocateDisasterSurvivors.CTiredofstandinginline?Waitabitlonger,andyoumayneverhavetoagain.Amazonhasopened24ofitsAmazonGostores,whichusecamerasandartificialintelligence(AI)toseewhatyou’vetakenoffshelvesandchargeyouasyouwalkout.SomecompaniesarecloselycopyingAmazon’sapproachtousingAI-poweredcamerasfixedinceilings.Butothersaretryinganentirelydifferentwaytoskipthecheckout:smartshoppingcarts.Thesecompanieshaveaddedcamerasandsensors(传感器)tothecarts,andareusingAItotellwhatyou’veputinthem.Customerspaybyenteringacreditcard,orthroughanonlinepaymentsystem.Whenacustomerexitsthestoreagreenlightontheshoppingcartshowsthattheirorderiscomplete,andthey’recharged.Thecompaniesbehindthesmartcarts,includingCaperandVeeve,sayit’smucheasiertoaddtechnologytotheshoppingcartthantoanentirestore.Amazon’sGostoresrelyonhundredsofcamerasintheceiling.Theshelvesalsoincludesensorstotellwhenanitemisremoved.AhmedBeshry,co-founderofCaper,believesthetechnologytorunGoistooexpensivetouseinalarge-formatgrocerystore.NeitherCapernorVeevehassaidhowmuchtheirsmartshoppingcartswillcost,makingitdifficulttocomparethedifferentformats.ShariqSiddiqui,CEOofVeeve,said,“We’realwayshappywhenAmazonisdoingsomething.Theyforceretailers(零售店)togetoutoftheiroldschoolthinking.”

EachtimeabusinessusesAIandcameras,itraisesquestionsaboutcustomers’privacyandtheeffectonjobs.Beshrynotesthatthecamerasinhisshoppingcartpointdownintothecart,soonlyacustomer’shandandpartoftheirarmwillbecaptured(拍摄)oncamera.9．Whatdoweknowaboutthesmartshoppingcarts?A．Theyareabletorecognizegoodsputinthem.B．Theyarelinkedtothecamerasfixedintheceilings.C．Theyflashthegreenlightwhentheorderiscanceled.D．Theycantellcustomerswheretofindwhattheywant.10．WhatdoesBeshrythinkofthetechnologyusedinAmazon’sGostores?A．Itislikelytohelpretailerstothinkdifferently.B．Ithasattractedmanymoreretailersthanbefore.C．Itisfarmoreexpensivethantheirshoppingcarts.D．Itmayreducethecostofrunningastoregreatly.11．WhenitcomestoAIandcameras,whatmakesthepublicworriedmost?A．Thattheycanonlybuygoodsonline.B．Thatgoodsinthestoresmaybemoreexpensive.C．Thattheyhavetowaitinalineforalongertime.D．Thatsomebodymayknowtheirprivacy.12．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Thenewtechnologyimprovesretailsale.B．AI-poweredcamerasareusedinretailstores.C．Artificialintelligenceaffectsthefutureofjobmarket.D．Smartshoppingcartswillletyouskiptheline.DPFASarefoundinnonstickpans,water-prooffabricsandfoodpackaging.They’recalledforeverchemicalsbecauseoftheirabilitytostickaroundandnotbreakdown.Now,usingabitofheatandtworelativelycommoncompounds,researchershavedegraded(降解)thechemicalinthelab.WhilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimplewaysofbreakingdownselectPFAS,mostdegradationmethodsrequireharshprocessesusingintensepressure—insomecasesover22mega-pascals—orextremelyhightemperatures—sometimesupwardsof1,000℃—tobreakthechemicalbonds.WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstancesfoundinnearlyeverychemistrylab;sodiumhydroxide(氢氧化钠),alsoknownaslye,andasolvent(溶剂)calledDMSO.TheteamworkedspecificallyonagroupofforeverchemicalswhichcontainalargepercentageofPFAS.WhentheteamcombinedchemicalswiththelyeandDMSOat120℃andwithnoextrapressureneeded,thecarbolicacid(羧酸)felloffthechemicalsandbecamecarbondioxide.“Whathappenednextwasunexpected,”Dichtelsaid.Thelossoftheacidhelpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions(氟离子)andsmallercarbon-containingproducts,leavingbehindnoharmfulby-products.“It’saneatmethod;it’sdifferentfromothersthathavebeentried,”saysChrisSales,anenvironmentalengineeratDrexelUniversityinPhiladelphiawhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Thebiggestquestionishowthiscouldbeadaptedandscaledup.Understandingthismechanismisjustonestepinundoingforeverchemicals,”Salessaid.Thisprocesswouldn’tworktodealwithPFASintheenvironment,becauseitrequiresaconcentratedamountofthechemicals,butitcouldonedaybeusedinwastewatertreatmentplants,wherethepollutantscouldbefilteredoutofthewater,concentratedandthenbrokendown.13．WhatcanwelearnaboutthepreviouswaystobreakdownPFAS?A．They’reeco-friendly. B．They’vebeenwidelyused.C．They’redifficulttooperate. D．They’reregardedasuseless.14．Whatdidtheteamdointheirexperiment?A．Theyexperimentedwithdifferentsolvents.B．Theytriedtwoverycommonsubstances.C．Theytestedeverygroupofforeverchemicals,D．Theyexposedchemicalstoextremetemperatures.15．Whatmadetheresearchersmostsurprisedintheirexperiment?A．Environmentally-friendlyreactionsoccurred.B．Thecarboxylicacidbecamecarbondioxide.C．Noextrapressurewasneededforthetrial.D．ThelyeandDMSOcouldworkat120℃,16．WhatcanweinferfromChrisSales’words?A．ItisdifficulttodealwithPFASintheenvironment.B．Thismechanismwillsoonbeusedintheenvironment.C．Themethodwillbeappliedtodifferentkindsofchemicals.D．Moreresearchisneededbeforethemethodiswidelyused.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。JohannesGutenberg--theploneeroftheprintingpressJohannesGutenbergwaschosentobethemostimportantfigureofthepastmillennium(千年)bythemedia(媒体).Youmaynotbefamiliarwithhim.17Gutenbergispraisedforhavinginventedtheprintingpressandthereforepreparingthewayforprintingbooks.HewasbornintoawealthyfamilyinthecityofMainz,Germany.Hisearlytrainingwasingoldsmithing.In1428,hemovedtoStrasbourgandlivedthereforalmost20years.18Gutenbergusedhisskillsinmetalworkforthemass(大批量)productionofbooks.19ThatmeansthateachcopyoftheCatholicbible(圣经)andallofits73bookswerepainstakinglyhandwrittenbymen.Gutenbergfashionedafont(字体)ofover300characters,farlargerthanthefontsoftoday.Tomakethispossible,heinventedthevariable-widthmold(模具)andperfectedthemixtureofmaterialsusedbytypefactoriesuptothepresentcentury.20Thebetween1450and1455,whilepreparingtoproducealargeLatinBible,Gutenbergisthoughttohaveprintedanumberofsmallerbooks,acalendar,andapapalLetterofIndulgence.TheBibleof42Lines,theoldestsurvivingprintedbookintheWesternworld,wascompletedbyAugust15,1456.Theinventionofthemodemprintingpresschangedthewayinformationwasdelivered.21Eventodayinthecomputerage,werelyheavilyontheprintedwordortextforinstruction,information,andforthepleasureofreadingliterature.A．GutenbergmadetheworldamuchricherplaceB．ButhehascertainlyinfluencedyourlifeinsomewaysC．Gutenberg'sideawasoneofthegreatestofallmankindD．By1450,GutenbergwasbackinMainzatworkonaprintingpressE．Infact,thisinventioncontributedalotofeducatingthemasses(大众)worldwideF．BeforethespreadofGutenberg'sidea,bookswereprimarilyhandwrittenG．ItwasinStrasbourgthatheprobablymadehisfirstexperimentswithmoveabletypeandprinting第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Withcitiesgrowingfasterthanever,moreandmore22urbanspacesareappearingallaroundtheworld.Dealingwiththeincreaseintheselifelessspaceshasbeenaseriousproblemforalmosteverymajorcity.ValeroSquareislocatedinthecenterofthecity’sdowntownatabusytramlinestationandnexttoalargemarket.Withsuchagoodlocation,thesiteshouldhavebeena(n)23area,buttherealitycouldn’thavebeenmore24.Whilethousandsofpeoplemovethroughthesquareeveryday,fewstoppedtospendtimeinthesquare.Peoplewouldinsteadsimply25withoutasecondthought.Thatwasuntiltheinstallationofaprojecttitled“Warde”.Theinstallationisaclusterofgiantred“flowers”,whichopento30feetwide,ontopof30-foot-tall“stems”.Theflowerscanbefilledwith26.Thisinflation(膨胀)anddeflationenabletheflowerstoopenandclose.Thenewinstallationisdifficulttoneglect,butwhatistruly27isthewaythattheseflowersinteractwiththeirsurroundings.Standingunderoneoftheflowerswillcauseittoopenandstay28untilyouchoosetoleave,providingshadeand29fromthehotsun.Wardeisalsoprogrammedto30topublictransportservice,springingtolifeasthetramsarriveanddepartfromthesquare,31travellersnottomisstheirtram.Temporary32projectssuchasWardearebeingusedmoreandmoreasawaytoreengagecommunitieswithneglectedspaces.33it’sstilltooearlytosayifValeroSquarehasbeenbroughtbacktolifebyWarde,theprojecthascertainlymanagedtogenerateincreasedpublic34inthespace.35,Wardeisanexcellentexampleofhowurbanartprojectscanbeagreattoolforgettingpeopletostopandreallytakenoticeoftheir36.22．A．rebuilt B．monitored C．neglected D．resolved23．A．positive B．memorable C．enormous D．lively24．A．ideal B．different C．complex D．enjoyable25．A．holdback B．turnup C．passby D．lookover26．A．air B．traps C．smog D．pipes27．A．confusing B．amazing C．demanding D．embarrassing28．A．faint B．dense C．still D．separate29．A．vacancy B．relief C．tolerance D．distance30．A．connect B．shift C．react D．subject31．A．reminding B．persuading C．warning D．urging32．A．investment B．science C．construction D．art33．A．While B．If C．Considering D．As34．A．relations B．interest C．trust D．order35．A．Inotherwords B．Inanycase C．Inreturn D．Inaddition36．A．surroundings B．atmosphere C．neighborhood D．location第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChinahaslaunchedtheCR450scienceandtechnologyinnovationproject37(develop)anevenfastertrain.Accordingtothenationalplan,amoreadvancedbullettrain,withatopoperatingspeedof400kilometersperhourandan38(experiment)speedofupto450kmperhour,theCR450wouldsoonberevealed.Bytheendof2022,China’stransportationnetwork39(grow)tocovermorethan6millionkilometers.From2018to2022,China’stransportationsector(部门)sawinvestmentsofl7trillionyuaninfixedassets(固定资产),officialssaidat40newsconference.Bytheendof2022,China’srailwaynetworkhadcovered155,000km,ofwhich42,000kmwerehigh-speedrailways,41(account)formorethantwo-thirdsoftheworld’shigh-speedrailways.Inaddition,Chinahasdevelopedtheworld’s42(large)roadnetwork,whichcovers5.35millionkilometers,ofwhich177,000kmarefreeways.China,43alsohas128,000kmofinlandwaterwaysand21,000berths(泊位),canaccommodateindustrialproduction.Fifty-threecitieshavecitymetrotransportationsystems,with44(they)operationscoveringatotalof9,584km.Nearlyalladministrativevillages,townsandcountieshaveaccess45hardenedroadsandbusservices.Post46(office)areestablishedinalltowns.第四部分写作（共两节,满分40分）第一节（满分15分）47．假定你是李华，以下是近期你在网上看到的关于厦门的旅游宣传册，请你根据宣传册的内容，制定旅行计划，并给你的英国笔友Bill写一封电子邮件，并邀请他和你一起到厦门旅游。1.到鼓浪屿、厦门大学等地方参观。2.欣赏音乐，品美味美食等。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）JohnCarpenterdidnotliketobuytoysthatsomebodyelsehadmade.Helikedthefunofmakingthemhimself.Thethoughtthattheywerehisownworkdelightedhim.TomAustin,oneofhisplaymates,thoughtatoywasworthnothingunlessitcostagreatdealofmoney.Henevertriedtomakeanything,butboughtallhistoys."Comeandlookatmyhorse,"saidhe,oneday."Itcostadollar,anditissuchabe