Unit1-Discovering-Useful-Structures-语法自主学习任务单

Unit1

CulturalHeritage语法自主学习任务单PART

1语法导学PART

2达标检测PeriodThree

DiscoveringUsefulStructures—Restrictiverelativeclauses(3)PART

1语法导学感悟规律重点难点剖析感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题◆语法感知1.ThisisthebestTVsetthatismadeinChina.2.Pleasejusttellmeanythingthatyouknowabouttheauthorofthebook.3.Theboyandhisdogthatwerebelievedtobelostinthewoodwererescuedthismorning.4.Johnistheboywhoselegswerebadlyinjuredintheaccident.5.Thisisaplacewherechildrencanplaywithoutdanger.6.Wealllookforwardtothedaywhenasimplemedicaltestcanfindcancerwhileitisstillsmall.7.Thereasonwhyshewaslatefortheexamwasthatshegotstuckinatrafficjam.1.句1－3中的定语从句由that引导，这是因为先行词被______________________

修饰时，或者先行词是

、先行词包括

时，关系代词常用that。2.第4句用whose引导定语从句，是因为定语从句中缺少

，whose在从句中充当此成分。3.根据第5－7句可知，当从句中缺少状语时，由

引导定语从句，缺地点状语由

引导，缺少时间状语用

引导，缺少原因状语用

引导。最高级、序数词及only，any不定代词人和物定语关系副词wherewhenwhy限制性定语从句用来限制先行词的意义，在讲话时不需停顿，书写时不用逗号，通常由关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as和关系副词when，where，why引导。一、基本概念1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词(有时是短语或句子)叫作先行词。如下列句中加颜色部分就是先行词。Shehasfoundthenecklacethatshelosttwoweeksago.她找到了她那条丢失两周的项链。◆语法精析Asageneralrule，themostsuccessfulmaninlifeisthemanwhohasthebestinformation.一般说来，生活中最成功的人是获得最佳信息的人。Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天？2.关系词：用来引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词。它包括关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as)和关系副词(when，where，why)。关系词在从句中一定要担任成分。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。We’regoingtodosomethingthathasneverbeendonebefore.(作主语)Heisamanwhomweshouldalllearnfrom.(作宾语)Helivesinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.(作定语)Heisnolongerthepersonthatheusedtobe.(作表语)AtthetimewhenIsawhim，hewaswell.(作时间状语)Theystillliveinthesamehousewheretheylivedtenyearsago.(作地点状语)ThatisthereasonwhyIamnotinfavorofrevisingtheplan.(作原因状语)[温馨提示](1)作宾语的关系代词常可省去。如：Therearesomefilms(that)I’dliketosee.(2)因为关系词在从句中已经担任了某一成分，所以关系词所代指的先行词在从句中不要再出现。下面的句子都有错误：MrsSmithwhomyoumetheryesterdayisafriendofmine.(去掉her)Guilinisacitywhichithasahistoryof2,000years.(去掉it)Thisistheplacewheremymotherwasbornthere.(去掉there)TherearemomentswhenIforgotallaboutitthen.(去掉then)二、关系词的种类和功能

种

类功能(在从句中所担任的成分)关系代词that主语、宾语、表语(代替人或物)which主语、宾语(代替物)who主语、宾语(代替人)whom宾语(代替人)whose定语(代替人或物)as主语、宾语、表语(代替人或物)关系副词when时间状语(代替表时间的先行词)where地点状语(代替表地点的先行词)why原因状语(先行词是reason)1.that用作关系代词，既可指人也可指物，可作主语、宾语或表语。Ishethemanthatsellseggs？他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗？(作主语，指人)Waterthatisimpureoftencausesseriousillness.水不清洁常会引起重病。(作主语，指物)2.which用作关系代词时一般指物，可作主语、宾语。Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。(作主语)Thisisthebookwhichyouwanted.这就是你想要的那本书。(作宾语)3.who只指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.医生是关照人们健康的人。(作主语)ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。(作宾语)4.whom用作关系词，只指人，在从句中一般作宾语。Thegentlemanwhomsheencounteredaddressedherwithcourtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。(作宾语)5.whose在从句中作定语，既可指人也可指物。You’retheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.只有你的话他可能会听。(指人)I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。(指物)6.when的先行词须是表时间的词，在从句中作时间状语。JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.七八月是天气很热的月份。7.where的先行词须是表地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。She’sgoinghomewhereshecanrest.她要回家休息了。[温馨提示]关系副词where的先行词也可是有地点含义的抽象名词(如point，case，situation，condition等)。Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。(point在此是抽象名词)8.why的先行词只有reason，在从句中作原因状语。DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?你知道我为什么早走吗？三、that和which引导定语从句的区别1.which可引导非限制性定语从句，that不可以。Hehadfailedinthemathsexam，whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试不及格，这让他父亲很生气。2.which之前可有介词，that之前不能有介词。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.这是鲁迅过去住过的房子。3.当先行词是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时，常用that。ThatisallthatIwanttosay.那就是我想说的一切。Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他这样做。4.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，多用that。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。5.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，多用that。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。6.先行词被thevery，theonly，thejust等修饰时，多用that。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我想买的字典。MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。7.先行词既包括人又包括物时，用that。Thepassengersandthesuitcasesthatwerestillwaitinghadtobetransferredtoanotherplane.仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。[温馨提示]1.way作先行词，若从句中缺少状语，则用that或inwhich引导定语从句，也可省略关系词。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.我不喜欢他跟他父母讲话的方式。2.关系副词可由“介词＋关系代词”代替。Iwillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIworkedthere.我将永远记住我在那儿工作的那一天。MyfavoritecityisBeijingwhere/inwhichIcanvisittheGreatWall.我最喜欢的城市是北京，在那里我可以参观长城。PART2达标检测当堂检测基础达标演练1.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters

hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)2.Inthecafe，customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironment

iscreatedforthem.(2019·全国Ⅲ)3.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose

aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife，takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(资源).(2019·北京)4.Theirchildisatthestage

shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.(2019·天津)Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空who/thatthat/whichwhowhere5.Ontheedgeofthejacket，thereisapieceofcloth

givesofflightinthedark.(2019·浙江)6.(1)Thisisthefactory

Ivisitedlastyear.(2)Thisisthefactory

Iworkedlastyear.7.(1)Thereason

hegaveisunbelievable.(2)Thereason

IwentwasthatIwantedtomeetyourfriends.8.(1)Idon’tliketheway

shedealswiththeproposal.(2)Idon’tliketheway

youtaughtme.that/whichthat/whichwherethat/whichwhythat/in

whichthat/which9.(1)Iwon’tforgettheday

Itookpartinthesportsmeeting.(2)Iwon’tforgettheday

Ispentwithyouonthefarm.10.(1)Therewasonepoint

wemustinsiston.(2)Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer

sheneededtodecidewhattodo.when/on

whichthat/whichthat/whichwhere11.Thisisthebus.Itgoestotheuniversity._____________________________________________12.Doyouremembertheplace?Weallusedtomeetthere._________________________________________________13.Thereareanumberofprotests.Weareconsideringthem.________________________________________________________14.Wetookinadog.Ithadbeenabandonedbyitsformerowner._______________________________________________________________Ⅱ.用定语从句把下面的句子合并起来This

is

the

bus

that/which

goes

to

the

university.Do

you

remember

the

place

where

we

all

used

to

meet?There

are

a

number

of

protests

that/which

we

are

considering.We

took

in

a

dog

that/which

had

been

abandoned

by

its

former

owner.15.Inthecorridortherewasanoticeboard.Severalstudentswerelookingatit.________________________________________________________________________________16.Sheisanartist.Iamquitefamiliarwithherworks._________________________________________