2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第2套）

2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第2套）写作题目：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourschoolteachersuponenteringcollege.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.范文：DearMr.Wang,Iamwritingthislettertoconveymyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourselflessdedicationandpatientguidanceduringmyhigh-schoolyears.WhenIfirstenteredhighschool,Iwasquitenervousandlackedconfidenceinmystudies.Itwasyouwhonoticedmysituationandoftenencouragedme.YoupatientlyhelpedmewithmyEnglishgrammarandvocabulary,andyouruniqueteachingmethodsmadethedullknowledgevividandinteresting.Underyourguidance,myEnglishskillsimprovedsignificantly,andIgraduallybecamemoreconfident.Yourenthusiasmforteachingandyourkindattitudetowardsstudentshavehadaprofoundimpactonme.Yourwordsanddeedshaveinspiredmetostriveforexcellence.NowthatIhaveenteredcollege,Istillrememberyourteachings.Thankyouagainforeverythingyouhavedoneforme.Iwishyougoodhealthandcontinuedsuccessinyourteachingcareer.Yourssincerely,[YourName]听力短对话1.W:Thiscrazybusschedulehasgotmecompletelyconfused.Ican'tfigureoutwhenmybustoClevelandleaves?M:Whydon'tyoujustgototheticketwindowandask?Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?答案：Gototheticketwindowandask.分析：男士直接提出建议“gototheticketwindowandask”，所以答案很明确。2.M:Ireallyenjoytheclassicmusic.Ioftenlistentoitinmyfreetime.Whataboutyou?W:Franklyspeaking,Idon'tcaremuchforit.Ipreferpopmusic.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?答案：Thewomanpreferspopmusictoclassicmusic.分析：女士明确表示“don'tcaremuchfor”经典音乐，“preferpopmusic”，说明她更喜欢流行音乐。长对话Conversation1W:Hello,SalesDepartment.CanIhelpyou?M:Oh,yes.I'minterestedinacoupleofitemsinyourautumncatalogue.W:Great!Couldyoutellmewhichitemsyou'reinterestedin?M:Yes,I'minterestedinthemen'swoolensweaters.AndI'malsointerestedinthesportsshoes.W:Isee.Forthesweaters,wehavefivecolorsandthreesizes.Andforthesportsshoes,wehavefourdifferentstyles.M:Howmucharethesweaters?W:Theyare$50each.Butifyoubuymorethanfive,youcangeta10%discount.M:Andthesportsshoes?W:Theyare$80apair.There'snodiscountonthem.M:I'lltakethreesweatersandtwopairsofsportsshoes.W:Okay.Yourtotalcomesto$310.Howwouldyouliketopay?M:I'llpaybycreditcard.3.Whatisthemaninterestedinaccordingtotheconversation?答案：Men'swoolensweatersandsportsshoes.分析：男士明确提到对男士羊毛衫和运动鞋感兴趣。4.Howmuchwillthemanpayintotal?答案：$310.分析：男士买三件毛衣（$50每件，无折扣）和两双运动鞋（$80每双），$50×3+$80×2=$310。短文听力Passage1Thefamousscientistandthinker,CharlesDarwin,wasbornonFebruary12,1809.Asaboy,Darwinshowedagreatinterestinnature.Helikedtowatchbirds,insectsandotherwildlife.At16,DarwinwassenttoEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.Buthewasnotinterestedinit.ThenhewassenttoCambridgeUniversitytostudyreligion.Buthedidn'tlikeiteither.In1831,DarwinwasinvitedtotakeatripontheshipBeagle.Thejourneylastedalmostfiveyears.Duringthejourney,Darwinstudiedplantsandanimalsinmanydifferentpartsoftheworld.Hecollectedalotofspecimens.Afterhereturnedfromthejourney,DarwinworkedhardtoexplainhisfindingsinanewbookcalledOntheOriginofSpecies.Thebookwaspublishedin1859andcausedagreatstiratthattime.5.WhatwasDarwininterestedinasaboy?答案：Nature.分析：文中提到“Asaboy,Darwinshowedagreatinterestinnature”。6.WherewasDarwinsenttostudymedicine?答案：EdinburghUniversity.分析：原文说“At16,DarwinwassenttoEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine”。阅读理解词汇理解Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedovertime.Hops(啤酒花),forexample,whichgivemanyamodernbeeritsbitterflavor,area(7)relativelyrecentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasfirstmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda(8)surprisingingredientinresidue(残留物)from5000-year-oldbeerbrewingequipment.WhileexcavatingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofChina,scientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfrompotsandvessels.Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers(9)suggesttheywereusedtobrew,filter,andstorebeer.Theymaybeancient“beer-makingtools,”andtheearliest(10)evidenceofbeerbrewinginChina,theresearchersreportedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.To(11)confirmthatresidueinthecontainersreallycamefrombeer,theresearchteamexaminedtheorganiccompoundsinthesamples.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikebarley(大麦),andabout10%werebitsofroots,(12)presumablyusedforflavoring.Scientistssaythefindingsare(13)significantinthattheysuggestthebeer-makingtechniquewasnotlimitedtojustonecultureintheearlydays.It(14)appearsthatculturesindifferentpartsoftheworldmadebeerindependently.Theresearchersalsosaidthefindings(15)raiseimportantquestionsaboutwhatancientpeoplewereeatinganddrinking.A)arrivedB)consumingC)directD)exclusivelyE)includingF)informG)rawH)reachedI)relativelyJ)remainsK)resourcesL)significantM)suggestN)surprisingO)confirm答案：7.I；8.N；9.M；10.J；11.O；12.D；13.L；14.A；15.F分析：7.“relatively”表示“相对地”，说明啤酒花是相对较新的添加物。8.“surprising”表示“令人惊讶的”，符合在5000年前啤酒酿造设备残留物中发现新成分的语境。9.“suggest”有“表明”之意，容器不同形状表明它们的用途。10.“remains”表示“遗迹，残留物”，这里指最早的啤酒酿造证据。11.“confirm”是“证实”，研究团队为了证实容器里的残留物来自啤酒。12.“presumably”是“据推测”，说明根可能用于调味。13.“significant”是“重要的”，研究结果有重要意义。14.“appears”是“似乎”，似乎不同地区独立酿造啤酒。15.“raise”是“提出”，研究结果提出了关于古人饮食的重要问题。长篇阅读Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheSecrettoRaisingSmartKidsA)Ifirstbegantoinvestigatethebasisofhumanmotivation-andhowpeoplepersevereaftersetbacks-asapsychologygraduatestudentatYaleUniversityinthe1960s.AnimalexperimentsbypsychologistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniahadshownthatafterrepeatedfailures,mostanimalsconcludethatasituationishopelessandbeyondtheircontrol.Aftersuchanexperience,theanimalsstoptrying.Theylearnthattheycan'tcontrolwhathappens.B)Peoplecanlearntobehelpless,too.Whydosomestudentsgiveupwhentheyencounterdifficulty,whereasotherswhoarenomoreskilledcontinuetostriveandlearn?Oneanswer,Isoondiscovered,layinpeople'sbeliefsaboutwhytheyhadfailed.C)Inparticular,attributingpoorperformancetoalackofabilitydepressesmotivationmorethandoesthebeliefthatlackofeffortistoblame.WhenItoldagroupofschoolchildrenwhodisplayedhelplessbehaviorthatalackofeffort(notlackofability)ledtotheirmistakesinmath,theylearnedtokeeptryingwhentheproblemsgottough.Anothergroupofhelplesschildrenwhoweresimplyrewardedfortheirsuccessoneasierproblemsdidnotimprovetheirabilitytosolvehardmathproblems.Theseexperimentsindicatedthatthewayweattributeourfailuresdetermineswhetherwewillgiveuporpersevere.D)Weareallinthislifetogether.Andthesaddestthingaboutpeoplewhohavedevelopedafixedmind-setisthattheyaremissingoutonanimportantpartofhumanexperience:thechancetostretchthemselvesandlearnfromtheirmistakes.Ifwebelievethatwehaveafixedamountofintelligenceandafixedcharacter,wewillwanttoprovethatwealreadyhaveenoughofboth.Wewillfeelcompelledtoprovethatwearebetterthanothersateveryturn,bywinningeveryargument,gettingthebestgrades,orinanyotherwaythatdemonstratesoursuperiority.E)Inafixed-mind-setworld,successisaboutprovingyou'resmartortalented.Butinagrowth-mind-setworld,successisaboutstretchingyourselftolearnandgrow.Bothmindsetshaveadvantages.Ifyouhaveafixedmind-set,you'relesslikelytowasteyourtimeandenergyonthingsyou'renotgoodat.Youmightbemoreefficient,butyou'llalsomissoutonlearningopportunities.F)Peoplewithagrowthmind-settendtoseefailureasachanceforimprovement.Theybelievethattheycandeveloptheirabilitiesthroughhardworkandperseverance.Theyaremorelikelytotakeonchallengesandtopersevereinthefaceofsetbacks.Peoplewithafixedmind-set,ontheotherhand,aremorelikelytoseefailureasasignoftheirowninadequacy.Theyarelesslikelytotakeonchallengesandmorelikelytogiveupwhentheyencounterdifficulties.G)Onestudyfollowedagroupofstudentswhohadjustgraduatedfromjuniorhighschoolandwereabouttostarthighschool.Thestudentsweredividedintotwogroupsbasedontheirmindsets:thosewithagrowthmind-setandthosewithafixedmind-set.Thestudentswithagrowthmind-setweremorelikelytochoosechallengingcoursesinhighschool,eventhoughtheyknewtheymightnotgetthebestgrades.Thestudentswithafixedmind-setweremorelikelytochooseeasiercoursestoavoidtheriskoffailure.H)Anotherstudylookedathowpeoplerespondedtofeedback.Peoplewithagrowthmind-setweremorelikelytoseefeedbackasanopportunitytolearn.Theyweremorelikelytoaskforfeedbackandtouseittoimprovetheirperformance.Peoplewithafixedmind-set,ontheotherhand,weremorelikelytoseefeedbackasacriticismoftheirabilities.Theywerelesslikelytoaskforfeedbackandmorelikelytoignoreit.I)Parentsandteacherscanplayacrucialroleinpromotingagrowthmind-setinchildren.Bypraisingchildrenfortheireffortandperseveranceratherthanfortheirintelligenceortalent,parentsandteacherscanhelpchildrendevelopabeliefthattheirabilitiescanbedevelopedthroughhardwork.Whenchildrenmakemistakes,parentsandteacherscanencouragethemtoseethesemistakesasopportunitiestolearn.J)Thebenefitsofagrowthmind-setextendbeyondtheclassroom.Peoplewithagrowthmind-setaremorelikelytobesuccessfulintheircareers,astheyaremorewillingtotakeonchallengesandlearnfromtheirmistakes.Theyarealsomorelikelytohavehealthyrelationships,astheyaremoreopentofeedbackandwillingtoworkonimprovingthemselves.16.Theauthor'sexperimentsshowedthatstudentswhoattributedtheirfailurestoalackofeffortweremorelikelytoperseverethanthosewhoattributedtheirfailurestoalackofability.答案：C分析：C段中提到将糟糕表现归因于缺乏努力比归因于缺乏能力更能激发动力，实验表明归因方式决定是否放弃或坚持。17.Peoplewithafixedmind-setbelievethatsuccessisaboutprovingtheirintelligenceortalent.答案：E分析：E段明确指出在固定型思维模式世界里，成功是为了证明自己聪明或有天赋。18.Astudyfoundthatstudentswithagrowthmind-setweremorelikelytochoosechallengingcoursesinhighschool.答案：G分析：G段描述研究中成长型思维模式的学生更可能选择有挑战性的课程。19.Parentsandteacherscanhelpchildrendevelopagrowthmind-setbypraisingtheireffortandperseverance.答案：I分析：I段提到家长和老师通过表扬孩子的努力和毅力来帮助他们培养成长型思维模式。20.Peoplewithagrowthmind-setaremorelikelytoseefeedbackasanopportunitytolearn.答案：H分析：H段表明成长型思维模式的人更可能将反馈视为学习机会。仔细阅读Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Textinghaslongbeenbemoaned(哀叹)asthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipforilliterates,”asonecriticcalledit.TowhichtheproperresponseisLOL.Textingproperlyisn'twritingatall.It'sa“spoken”languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytheyear.First,somehistoricalperspective.Writingwasonlyinvented5,500yearsago,whereaslanguageprobablytracesbackatleast80,000years.Thustalkingcamefirst;writingisjustacraftthatcamealonglater.Assuch,thefirstwritingwasbasedonthewaypeopletalk,withshortsentences.However,whiletalkingislargelysubconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow.Overtime,writerstookadvantageofthisandstartedcraftinglong-linesentencessuchastheonethatbegins:“Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes...”Textingisawaytoconversewithothersinrealtimewhilealsobeingatease,evencasual.Whentexting,youcanalsoexpressyourselfwithasmileyfaceoranemoji(表情符号)toshowemphasisortotellajoke.Infact,textingcanactuallyhelppeoplewhohaveproblemsspeakingeloquently.21.Whatdocriticssayabouttexting?A)Itismainlyconfinedtoyoungsters.B)Itistheruinofthewrittenlanguage.C)Ithelpspeoplecommunicatebetter.D)Ithastensthedeclineofpenmanship.答案：B分析：文章开头提到“Textinghaslongbeenbemoanedasthedownfallofthewrittenword”，说明批评者认为短信是