高考英语（江浙版）一轮讲义专题十二猜测词义

专题十二猜测词义【考纲解读】考点内容考查方式2016—2017年浙江高考猜测词义考次统计2017.112017.62016.10猜测词义根据文章的主题内容及相关的上下文,利用自己的已有知识和能力判断一个生词或词组或句子的含义或其在文章所指代的意义猜测词义题设题方式是以单项选择的形式出现。一般使用“Theunderlinedword...canbebestreplacedby.”“Tbablymeans.”等形式出现

100分析解读1.猜测词义题是英语高考阅读理解的重要题型之一。即考查考生的语言阅读和理解能力,同时也考查考生对语境的正确分析和把握能力。该题型出现的题量不是很大,但是一般都有一定的难度。2.所设单词一般是超纲的比较生僻的词或词组。3.正确选项一般是该词或词组的近义词或释义。近义词或释义能够从该词所在的句子上下文中得到足够明确的信息。而错误选项也一般可以通过上下文的语意予以排除。【命题探究】(2016课标全国Ⅰ,C)IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,Ivedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseIvegottwoicepacksandthatshowlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,wevegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheckindeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,Imreallysorry,Ivegotsomebadnewsforyou—therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient—please,please,youvegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,rerouted(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,youreconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyouvegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebodyslife.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.provider B.deliverymanC.collector D.medicaldoctor命题方法根据后面的隐藏释义设题。设题词一般是一个生词,但是,根据该词的上下文,我们一定可以找到对该词的解释内容,从而猜测词义。如例题,所给单词是一个生词,但是后面的内容都是对此的解释和说明。解题指导根据画线单词后面的解释和说明解题。该设题的词courier是一个生词,但是,文章后面的故事和说明表明“我的旅行就是运送干细胞”,从而可以容易地判断出该词的词义就是deliveryman,意为“运送之人”。命题规律1.猜测词义题是阅读理解的重要题型之一。浙江省考试改革之后,由于篇幅所限,并不是每次考试都会出现猜测词义题,但是,每次考试都有可能出现。近三次考试中,2017年11月出现了猜测词义题。2.猜测词义题可能是生词猜测词义,也可能是代词指代关系的猜测,也可能是词组猜测词义,也可能是一个句子的意义的判断。考试要全面复习。【五年高考】第一组记叙文Passage1(2016课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:269IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,Ivedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseIvegottwoicepacksandthatshowlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,wevegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheckindeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,Imreallysorry,Ivegotsomebadnewsforyou—therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient—please,please,youvegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,rerouted(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,youreconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyouvegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebodyslife.1.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A.provider B.deliverymanC.collector D.medicaldoctor2.WhydoesPeterhavetopletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.D.Theicewontlastanylonger.3.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondon. B.ToNewark.C.ToProvidence. D.ToWashington.答案1.B2.D3.BPassage2(2016课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:294Fiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid:“MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday—and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect(感染)otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButImjustnotcreative.”“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyoureasleep?”“Oh,sure.”“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams.”Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.“Thatsprettycreative.Whodoesthatforyou?”“Nobody.Idoit.”“Really—atnight,whenyoureasleep?”“Sure.”“Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okay?”1.TheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto.

A.knowmoreaboutthestudentsB.makethelessonsmoreexcitingC.raisethestudentsinterestinartD.teachthestudentsabouttoydesign2.WhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3?A.Helikedtohelphisteacher.B.Hepreferredtostudyalone.C.Hewasactiveinclass.D.Hewasimaginative.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Mistake. B.Drawback.C.Difficulty. D.Burden.4.Whydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreams?A.Tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity.B.Tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits.C.Tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory.D.Tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking.答案1.A2.D3.B4.APassage3(2016课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:323OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatafortableEastSidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.“Hey,arentyoufromMississippi?”theelegant,whitehairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.“ImfromMississippitoo.”Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.“TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,”Weltysaid.“IdidntknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.”TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.Weltysnewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel,herbigcityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippistatereunion(团聚).“Myfriendsaid:‘Nowwebelieveyourstories,’”Weltyadded.“AndIsaid:‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.’”Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation.“Idontmakethemup,”shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears.“Idonthaveto.”Beauticians,bartenders,pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats,Weltyspeopleefromafternoonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends,fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson,Miss.,fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes,sittingonabusoratrain,shehearsonlyafragment(片断)ofaparticularlyinterestingstory.1.WhathappenedwhenWeltywaswithherfriendsatthecafe?A.Twostrangersjoinedher.B.Herchildhoodfriendscamein.C.Aheavyrainruinedthedinner.D.Somepeopleheldapartythere.2.Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph6referstoWeltys.

A.readers B.parties C.friends D.stories3.WhatcanwelearnaboutthecharactersinWeltysfiction?A.Theyliveinbigcities. B.Theyaremostlywomen.C.Theyefromreallife. D.Theyarepleasureseekers.答案1.A2.D3.CPassage4(2016四川,C)词数:313InthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserainforest,therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous(土著的)people.Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.Andyet,peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony(殖民地)oftheFrenchRepublicsince1946.Intheory,theyshouldlivebytheFrenchlaw.However,theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown,thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof“lawlessness”intheworld.ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofaFrenchmanfromPariscalledGin.Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea,whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrainforest,withhalfitspopulationofonly250,000livinginitscapital,Cayenne.“IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople.Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears,”saysGin.“Ivebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idontseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.”“Iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife,”continuesGin.“Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.”Hisblackandwhitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime.Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor.TheselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalselfsupportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic,whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare,butalsoalcoholism,betrayalandevensuicide.1.WhydoestheauthorfeelsurprisedabouttheindigenouspeopleinFrenchGuiana?A.TheyseldomfollowtheFrenchlaw.B.TheyoftenignoretheGuianeselaw.C.Theyareseparatedfromthemodernworld.D.TheyarebothGuianeseandFrenchcitizens.2.GinintroducesthespecialworldoftheindigenousGuianeseas.

A.atourguide B.ageographerC.afilmdirector D.aphotographer3.WhatisGinsattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese?A.Cautious. B.Doubtful. C.Uninterested. D.Appreciative.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.ThemodernFrenchlifestyle.B.Theselfsupportinghunting.C.Theuncivilizedworld.D.TheFrenchRepublic.答案1.A2.D3.D4.APassage5(2015课标Ⅰ,C)词数:211SalvadorDali(1904—1989)wasoneofthemostpopularofmodernartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory.ThereisalsoLEnigmesansFinfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartistsshowmanqualities.ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldofbirth.Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities(无限).“Fromtheinfinitysmalltotheinfinitylarge,contractionandexpansioninginandoutoffocus:amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowyBaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseumtheatreinFigueras,”explainsthePompidouCentre.Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDaliaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Optimistic. B.Productive. C.Generous. D.Traditional.2.WhatisDalisThePersistenceofMemoryconsideredtobe?A.Oneofhismasterworks.B.Asuccessfulscreenadaptation.C.Anartisticcreationforthestage.D.OneofthebestTVprogrammes.3.HowaretheexhibitsarrangedattheWorldofDali?A.Bypopularity. B.Byimportance.C.Bysizeandshape. D.Bytimeandsubject.4.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks. B.Projects. C.Donations. D.Documents.答案1.B2.A3.D4.APassage6(2015课标Ⅱ,A)词数:257Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache.IwasabletobuyitalittleoverayearagobecauseIhadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofalotofclothesthatwouldntfit.Iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel.Irealizedthisadaylater,whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventyfivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.ThesetworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately,IdidntgetanychannelsshowingallnightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed.

ThenIstarteddevelopingaproblemwiththesetthatinvolvedstatic(静电)noise.Forsomereason,whencertainshowsswitchedintoamercial,aloudnoisewouldsoundforafewseconds.Gradually,thisnoisebegantoappearduringashow,andtogetridofit,Ihadtochangetoanotherchannelandthenchangeitback.Sometimesthistechniquewouldnotwork,andIhadtopickupthesetandshakeittoremovethesound.Iactuallybegantobuildupmyarmmuscles(肌肉)shakingmyset.Whenneitherofthesemethodsremovedthestaticnoise,Iwouldsithelplesslyandwaitforthenoisetogoaway.AtlastIendeduphittingthesetwithmyfist,anditstoppedworkingaltogether.Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62,andthesetisworkingwellnow,butIkeepexpectingmoretrouble.1.WhydidtheauthorsayhewasfooledintobuyingtheTVset?A.Hegotanoldermodelthanhehadexpected.B.Hecouldntreturnitwhenitwasbroken.C.Hecouldhaveboughtitatalowerprice.D.Hefailedtofindanymovieshowsonit.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase“signedoff”inParagraph1?A.endedalltheirprogramsB.providedfewerchannelsC.changedtomercialsD.showedallnightmovies3.HowdidtheauthorfinallygethisTVsetworkingagain?A.Byshakingandhittingit. B.Byturningitonandoff.C.Byswitchingchannels. D.Byhavingitrepaired.4.Howdoestheauthorsoundwhentellingthestory?A.Curious. B.Anxious.C.Cautious. D.Humorous.答案1.C2.A3.D4.DPassage7(2015浙江,D)词数:625In2004,whenmydaughterBeckywasten,sheandmyhusband,Joe,wereunitedintheirdesireforadog.Asforme,Isharednoneoftheircaninelust.Butwhy,theypleaded.“BecauseIdonthavetimetotakecareofadog.”Butwelldoit.“Really?Youregoingtowalkthedog?Feedthedog?Bathethedog?”Yes,yes,andyes.“Idontbelieveyou.”Wewill.Wepromise.Theydidnt.Fromdaytwo(everyonewantedtowalkthecutepuppythatfirstday),neitherthoughttowalkthedog.WhileIwasslowtoacceptthatIwouldbetheonetokeeptrackofhershots,toschedulehervetappointments,tofeedandcleanher,Mistyknewthisondayone.Asshelookedupatthethreenewhumansinherlife(small,medium,andlarge),shecalculated,“Themediumoneisthesuckerinthepack.”

Quickly,sheandIdevelopedsomethingverysimilartoaVulcanmindmeld(心灵融合).Shedlookatmewiththosesadbrowneyesofhers,beamherneed,andthenwait,trustingIwouldunderstand—which,strangely,Ialmostalwaysdid.Innotime,shebecamemyfifthappendage(附肢),snoringonmyhomeofficecouchasIworked,cradlingagainstmyfeetasIread,andsplayingacrossmystomachasIwatchedtelevision.Evenso,partofmecontinuedtoresentwalkingduty.JoeandBeckyhadpromised.Notfair,Idbalk(不心甘情愿地做)silentlyassheandIwalked.“Notfair,”Idloudlyremindanyonewithinearshotuponourreturnhome.Thenoneday—January1,2007,tobeexact—myhusbandsdoctorutteredanunthinkableword:leukemia(白血病).Withthat,IspenteighttotenhoursadaywithJoeinthehospital,doinganythingandeverythingIcouldtoeasehisdisfort.Duringthosesixmonthsofhospitalizations,Becky,12atthetime,adjustedtootheradultsbeinginthehousewhenshereturnedfromschool.Myworkcolleaguesadjustedtomytakingoffatamomentsnoticeformedicalemergencies.Everypartofmylifechanged;nopartofmyoldroutineremained.Saveone:Mistystillneededwalking.Atthebeginning,whenfriendsofferedtotakeherthroughherpaces,IdeclinedbecauseIknewtheyhadtheirownhouseholdstodealwith.Asthemonthswentby,IbegantorealizethatIactuallywantedtowalkMisty.ThewalkinthemorningbeforeIheadedtothehospitalwasaquiet,peacefultimetogathermythoughtsortojustbebeforethedaysmedicaldramaunfolded.Theeveningwalkwasatimetoshakeoffthedaysupsetsandlettheworrytracksinmyheadgotowhitenoise.Whenseriousillnessvisitsyourhousehold,itsnotjustyourdailyroutineandyourassumptionsaboutthefuturethatarenolongerfamiliar.Prettymucheveryoneyouknowactsdifferently.NotMisty.Takeherforawalk,andshehadnointerestinJoesbloodcountsorbonemarrowtestresults.Onthestreetorinthepark,shehadonlyonethingonhermind:squirrels!Shewassojoyousthatevenontheworstdays,shecouldmakemesmile.Onadailybasis,sheremindedmethatlifegoeson.AfterJoediedin2009,Mistysleptonhispillow.Imgrateful—toapoint.Thetruthis,afteryearsofbalking,IveetoenjoymywalkswithMisty.AsIwatchherchaseafterasquirrel,throwingherwholebeingintothehereandnowofanexercisethathasneveronceendedinvictory,sheremindsme,too,thatnomatterhowharshthepresentorunpredictablethefuture,theresalmostalwayssomemeasureofjoytobeextractedfromthemoment.1.Whydidntthewriteragreetoraiseadogatthebeginningofthestory?A.Shewasafraidthedogwouldgetthefamilyintotrouble.B.Itwouldbeherbusinesstotakecareofthedog.C.Herhusbandanddaughterwereunitedasone.D.Shedidntwanttospoilherdaughter.2.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningto“Themediumoneisthesuckerinthepack.”(Paragraph3)?A.“Themiddleagedpersonlovesmemost.”B.“Themediumsizedwomanisthehostess.”C.“Themaninthemiddleistheonewhohasthefinalsay.”D.“Thewomanisthekindandtrustworthyoneinthefamily.”3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that.

A.MistywasquitecleverB.MistycouldsolvemathproblemsC.thewriterwasaslowlearnerD.noonewalkedMistythefirstday4.Thestorycametoitsturningpointwhen.

A.Joediedin2009B.Joefellillin2007C.thewriterbegantowalkthedogD.thedogtriedtopleasethewriter5.WhydidthewritercontinuetowalkMistywhileJoewasinhospital?A.Mistycouldntlivewithouther.B.Herfriendsdidntofferanyhelp.C.Thewalkprovidedherwithspiritualfort.D.ShedidntwantMistytobeotherspanion.6.Whatisthemessagethewriterwantstoconveyinthepassage?A.Oneshouldlearntoenjoyhardtimes.B.Adisastercanchangeeverythinginlife.C.Momentsofjoysuggestthatthereisstillhopeahead.D.Peoplewillchangetheirattitudetowardyouwhenyouareindifficulty.答案1.B2.D3.A4.B5.C6.CPassage8(2015湖北,B)词数:385WhatTheresaLoeisdoingprovesthatalargefarmisntaprerequisiteforamoderngrowyourownlifestyle.Onamere1/10ofanacreinLosAngeles,Loeandherfamilygrow,can(装罐)andpreservemuchofthefoodtheyconsume.Loeisamasterfoodpreserver,gardenerandcanningexpert.Shealsooperatesawebsite,wheresheshareshertipsandrecipes,withthegoalofdemonstratingthateveryonehastheabilitytocontrolwhatsontheirplate.Loeinitiallywenttoschooltobeeanengineer,butshequicklylearnedthatherenthusiasmwasmainlyaboutgrowingandpreparingherownfood.“Igotintocookingmyownfoodandstartedgrowingmyownherbs(香草)andfoodsforthatfreshflavor,”shesaid.Engineerbyday,Loelearnedcookingatnightschool.Sheultimatelypurchasedasmallpieceoflandwithherhusbandandbegangrowingtheirownfoods.“Iteachpeoplehowtolivefarmfreshwithoutafarm,”Loesaid.ThroughherwebsiteLoeemphasizesthat“anybodycandothisanywhere.”Gotanapartmentwithabalcony(阳台)?Plantsomeherbs.Awindow?Perfectspotforgrowing.Startwithherbs,sheremends,because“theyreveryforgiving.”“Justalittleoftheherbscantakeyourregularcookingtoawholenewlevel,”sheadded.“Ithinkitsagreatplacetostart.”Then?Trygrowingsomethingfromaseed,shesaid,likeatomatoorsometea.Canningisanaturalextensionoftheplantingshedoes.Witheveryplantedfood,Loenoted,theresamomentwhenitsburstingwithitsabsolutepeakflavor.“Itryandkeepitinatimecapsuleinacanningjar,”Loesaid.“Canningformeisaboutknowingwhatsinyourfood,knowingwhereitesfrom.”Inadditiontobeingmoreintouchwiththefoodsheseating,anotherjoyesfrompassingthisknowledgeandthisdesireforgoodfoodtoherchildren:“Influencingthemandtellingthemyouropiniononnotonlybeingcarefulwhatweeatbutunderstandingthebiggerpicture,”shesaid,“thatifwedonttakecareoftheearth,noonewill.”

1.Theunderlinedword“prerequisite”(Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto“”.

A.recipe B.substituteC.requirement D.challenge2.WhydoesLoesuggeststartingwithherbs?A.Theyareuseddaily.B.Theyareeasytogrow.C.Theycangrowverytall.D.Theycanbeeatenuncooked.3.AccordingtoLoe,whatisthebenefitofcanningherplantedfoods?A.Itcanpreservetheirbestflavor.B.Itcanpromoteheronlinesales.C.Itcanbetterhercookingskills.D.Itcanimprovetheirnutrition.4.Whatisthe“thebiggerpicture”(Para.6)thatLoewishesherchildrentounderstand?A.Theknowledgeaboutgoodfood.B.Thewaytoliveagrowourownlife.C.Thejoyofgettingintouchwithfoods.D.Theresponsibilitytoprotectourearth.答案1.C2.B3.A4.DPassage9(2015四川,B)词数:286NothingcouldstopDad.Afterhewasputondisabilityforabadback,heboughtasmallfarminthecountry,justenoughtogrowfoodforthefamily.Heplantedvegetables,fruittreesandevenkeptbeesforhoney.AndeveryweekhecleanedOldManMcColginschickenhouseinexchangeformanure(肥料).Thesmellreallyburnedtheinsideofyournose.Whenweplainedabouttheterriblesmell,Dadsaidthestrongerthemanure,thehealthierthecrops,andhewasright.Forexample,justoneofhiscantaloupesfilledtheentirehousewithitssweetsmell,andthetastewasevensweeter.Asthevegetablesstartedingin,Dadthrewhimselfintocooking.Oneday,armedwithabasketofvegetables,heannouncedhewasgoingtomakestew(炖菜).Dadpulledoutapressurecookerandfilleditupwithcabbages,eggplants,potatoes,corns,onionsandcarrots.Forabouthalfanhour,thepressurebuiltandthevegetablescooked.Finally,Dadturnedoffthestove,thepotbegantocoolandthepressurereliefvalvesprayedoutacloudofsteam.IfwethoughtDadspileofchickenmanurewasbad,thiswas10timesworse.WhenDadtookoffthelid,thesmellnearlyknockedusout.Dadcarriedthepotoutandweopeneddoorsandwindowstoairoutthehouse.Justhowbadwasit?Theneighborscameoutoftheirhousestoseeifwehadagasleak!Determined,Dadfilledourplateswithsteamingstewandpassedthemaround.Itdidntlookthatbad,andafterthefirstwavehadshutdownmyabilitytosmell,itdidntoffendthenosesomuch,either.Itookataste.Itwouldneverwinaprizeinacookingpetition,butitwassurprisinglyedible,andwedrankupeverylastdropofsoup!1.WhydidDadcleanOldManMcColginschickenhouseregularly?A.Toearnsomemoneyforthefamily.B.Tocollectmanureforhiscrops.C.Togetridoftheterriblesmell.D.Tosetagoodexampletous.2.WhatcanweinferaboutDadsstew?A.Itispopularamongtheneighbors.B.Itcontainshoneyandvegetables.C.Itlooksverywonderful.D.Ittastesquitedelicious.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offend”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Toattract. B.Toupset.C.Toair. D.Toshut.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutDadfromthetext?A.Heisanexperiencedcook.B.Heisatroublesomefather.C.Hehasapositiveattitudetolife.D.Hesuffersalotfromhisdisability.答案1.B2.D3.B4.CPassage10(2014重庆,D)词数:251Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest,thenext,theairwaschargedwithtension.Theelephanthadheardthedistantalarmcallsofanimalsandhermoodsuddenlychanged.Iurgedtheelephantdeeperintotheforest.Wesoundedlikeaforestfire—crackling,snapping,trailblazing.Butthroughallthenoisecameasharpwarningcry.Theelephantstoppedandwehearditagain—thetelltalecallofaspotteddeer.Ilookedquicklyaroundtheshadowsoftheforest.Raysofsunlightshonethroughtreebranches,beneathwhichthepatchwork(交错)ofgreenplantsandshadowswithinshadowswouldmaketigerstripes(条纹)lookmoreattractive.Apartfromanoccasionalnoisefromtheelephantsstomach,theforestwassilent.Gradually,thetensionslippedfromourbodies.Theelephantseizedanearbybranchandputitintohermouth.Ireachedforwardandgentlymovedmyhandovertheelephantsneck;therewasasoftpart,freeofwrinklesandhairs,behindherear.ThiswasmyfourthtimetosensetheauraoftheforestinCorbett,althoughIsawnotigersintheend.LocatedatthefootoftheHimalayanmountains,Corbettishometoabout135Bengaltigers,buttheforestseemedtobeguardingtheirwhereabouts(出没处),asilentreminderoftheirsecrecyandrarity.Still,Iwashappyenoughtouchingtheelephantbehindtheear.IfIhadsodesperatelywantedtoseeatiger,Icouldhavegonetoazoo.Afterall,spottingtigersmerelyconfirmstheirbeauty;trackingthemcanmakeyouawareofsomethingmore.

1.Whichofthefollowingwasaclearsignalofalarm?A.Theelephantstopped.B.Aspotteddeercalled.C.Theelephantseizedabranch.D.Theforestwassilentforawhile.2.Theauthorbeginshisaccountofthetourintheforestmainlyby.

A.describingvarioussoundsBparingdifferentanimalsC.listingdifferentactivitiesD.introducingvariousplants3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“tosensetheaura”mostprobablymean?A.Toseethediversity.B.Toenjoythescenery.C.Tofeeltheatmosphere.D.Toexperiencethefreedom.4.HowdoestheauthorfeelafterseveralvisitstoCorbett?A.SeeingaBengaltigerisquitethrilling.B.ItisverytimeconsumingtotravelinCorbett.C.ItisreallyworthwhiletostudytheanimalsinCorbett.D.TheprocessoffindingBengaltigersismostappealing.答案1.B2.A3.C4.D第二组说明文Passage1(2017课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:311Abuildityourselfsolarstill(蒸馏器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,itsanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceitsallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlyponentsrequired,though,area5'×5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatchersproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.

Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheetscenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圆锥体)with45degreeangledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwonthavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.Itsdelicate. B.Itsexpensive.C.Itsplex. D.Itsportable.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube. B.Thestill.C.Thehole. D.Thecup.3.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheetscenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.4.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatereintothecupfrom.

A.theplastictube B.outsidetheholeC.theopenair D.beneaththesheet答案1.D2.B3.C4.DPassage2(2017天津,C)词数:330Thismonth,Germanystransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主驾驶车辆).Theywoulddefinethedriversroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemiautonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(财产)damageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecarsmakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.“Theliability(法律责任)issueisthebiggestoneofthemall,”saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducedearlierthisyear,insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’,peopleexpectdriverlesscars,”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”Becauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithouthumanoperation.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity,California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore,wheregovernmentprovideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,”saysCalo.1.Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto?A.Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B.Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C.Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D.Asituationwheredriversroleisnotclear.2.TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaims