Unit4 Natural Disasters单元知识总复习检测（含答案）2024-2025学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

B1U4知识总复习单词n.灾难；灾害n.智慧；才智n.旱灾；久旱n.上下文；语境；背景vi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑动vt.遭受；蒙受n.洪水vi.淹没；大量涌入n.火山n.（地）震级；重大v.（火山）爆发n.&vt.营救；救援n.补给品；补给vt.供应vt.损害；破坏n.损坏n.台风n.幸存者；生还者n.飓风vi.生存；存活n.电力供应；能量；力量vt.摧毁；毁灭v.轻叩；轻敲n.水龙头vt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离n.管子；管道n.死；死亡vi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭n.突发事件；紧急情况n.避难所；居所v.保护adj.镇静的v.使平静n.裂纹；裂缝n.援助；帮助v.帮助n.&vt.破坏；毁坏n.成套工具；成套设备n.百分之……v.碰撞；撞击n.撞车n.砖；砖块v.打扫；清扫n.金属n.海浪；波浪v.挥手n.震惊；休克v.（使）震惊v.侵袭；击打n.罢工n.电；电能v.递送；传达vt.发表v.使落入险境n.险境；陷阱n.总结；概括；概要v.埋葬；安葬n.影响；结果；效果vi.&vt.呼吸n.长；长度vt.&vi.复活；（使）苏醒tornadon.振兴；复苏landsliden.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力tsunamiv.统一；（使）成一体helicopter短语/词块自然灾害断电溜进拍某人肩膀被…淹没在紧急情况下从…营救某人保持镇定对…造成伤害让某人冷静下来被彻底摧毁撞到…被判处死刑与某人挥手告别影响某人的生活某人突然想起…在…的庇护下罢工对…感到震惊发表演讲电力供应把…发送给某人被困于…总之埋头于…对…有影响呼入/出长10米努力做某事似乎；好像；仿佛以某人的智慧严重受损；破败不堪受重伤震惊；吃惊提供给某人某物露天；在户外提供某物给某人现有（尤指帮助）在地震中幸存消灭；彻底消除单词变形extremeadj.极度的→___________adv.极度地injurevt.损害；伤害→___________adj.受伤的→___________n．伤害，损害nationn．民族；国家；国民→___________adj.国家的，民族的→___________n．国籍sufferingn．苦难；痛苦→___________v．受苦，遭受frightenvt.使惊吓；吓唬→___________adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→___________adj.令人恐惧的judgen．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决→___________n．判断，判决shockn．休克；震惊；打击vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动→___________adj.震惊的→___________adj.令人震惊的rescue

n．&vt.援救；营救→___________n．救援者congratulate

v．祝贺→___________n．祝贺；(复数)贺词expressvt.表示；表达n.快车；速递→___________n.表达→___________adj.有表现力的dirt

n．污垢；泥土→___________adj.脏的；肮脏的uselessadj.无用的；无效的；无益的→___________(反义词)→___________v.&n．使用，利用electricityn．电；电流；电学→___________adj.用电的；带电的；发电的→___________adj.与电有关的；电学的单句填空Thousandsdiedinthe___________.数千人在这场灾祸中丧生。He___________achildfromdrowning.他救起了一名落水儿童。Refugeescontinueto______________________neighbouringcountries.难民不断涌入邻国。Theheavyrainhascaused___________inmanypartsofthecountry.大雨使全国许多地方泛滥成灾。Thestormdidn'tdomuch___________.暴风雨并未造成严重损失。Officialssaidtherewereno___________oftheplanecrash.官方说这次飞机失事无一人生还。Ofthesixpeopleinjuredinthecrash,onlytwo___________.因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。Wedidnotrealizethe___________oftheproblem.我们没有意识到这个问题的重要性。Thebuildingwascompletely___________byfire.这栋建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。Childrenwere___________fromLondontoescapethebombing.为躲避轰炸，孩子们都撤离了伦敦。Youropinionwillnot___________mydecision.你的意见不会影响我的决定。Humanbeingsneedfood,clothingand___________.人类有衣、食、住的需求。Theframeismadeof___________.框子是用金属做的。Thenewsofmypromotioncameasa___________.我获晋升的消息着实让我一惊。Wewereall___________atthenewsofhisdeath.听到他的死讯，我们都感到震惊。Webecame___________bytherisingfloodwater.我们被上涨的洪水困住了。He___________deeplybeforespeakingagain.他深深吸一口气，然后继续说下去。Theeconomyisbeginningto___________.经济开始复苏。Thebadweather___________ourtrip.天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。Withan___________shecontainedherirritation.她努力强压住了怒火。Thenewleaderhopesto___________thecountry.新领袖希望把国家统一起来。Thisspeechneedstobeset____________________________________________Britaininthe1960s.这篇演说需要放到20世纪60年代的英国这一背景之下来看待。Thewater___________isunsafe.供水不稳定。The___________hadbeencutoff.停电了。Manycompaniesare______________________ashortageofskilledstaff.许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。Thevolcanocould___________atanytime.这座火山随时可能爆发。Theparty_________________________________atthelastelection.这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。Itsuddenly___________mehowwecouldimprovethesituation.我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。Itisimportantto______________________inanemergency.情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。Anydoubtshadlongsincebeen______________________.一切怀疑早已完全消除。Halftheworkforcearenow______________________.现在有半数职工罢工。Leafletshavebeen___________toeveryhousehold.传单已发送到每家每户。Thisdoorshouldonlybeusedinan___________.这道门只能在紧急情况下使用。Sheisdueto_________________________________ongeneticengineering.根据安排她要作一个关于遗传工程的演讲。______________________,thiswasadisappointingperformance.总的来说，这场演出令人失望。Thisroomistwicethe___________ofthekitchen.这个房间的长度是厨房的两倍。______________________,thetwosystemsareidentical.实际上，这两种系统完全一样。Icancertainlyfeelthe___________oftoomanylatenights.我当然能感觉到熬夜太多产生的影响。课文填空THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Forseveraldays,thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Therewere1.____________(深深的裂缝)

thatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygas

comingout

ofit.Chickensandevenpigswere

toonervousto

eat,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefields

lookingfor

placestohide,andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3:00a.m.,on28July1976,brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity’sonemillionpeoplewereasleep2.___________(如往常一样)thatnight.At3：42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemed3._________(好像)theworldwere

4.____________________(迎来了末日)!Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.Nearly

onethirdofthewholenation

feltit!Ahugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacross

houses,roads,andwaterways.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylay5.____________(一片废墟).

Twothirds

ofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.

Thousandsof

childrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledor6.____________(严重受伤)inthequakewasmorethan400,000.Everywheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75

percent

ofthecity’sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitalsweregone.

Bricks

coveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcould7.________________(吹走他们).Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesof

metal.Tensofthousandsofcows,hundredsofthousandsofpigs,andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewere

8._____________(处于震惊之中)—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildings9.____________(坍塌).Water,food,and

electricity

werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshanto10.______________(挖掘)thosewhowere

trapped

andto

bury

thedead.Morethan10,000doctorsandnursescameto11.___________________(提供医疗).Workers12.______________(建造避难所)forsurvivors

whose

homeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain,truck,andplane.Slowly,thecity13.__________________(重新开始呼吸)

again.Tangshanstartedto

14.____________(重获新生)and15.____________________(重新站了起来).Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthe16.________________(不懈努力)

ofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecome17._____________(……的家)morethansevenmillionpeople,withgreatimprovementsintransportation,industry,andenvironment.TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemust

unify

andshowthe

wisdom

tostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.佳句背诵Itseemedasiftheworldwere

comingtoanend!仿佛世界末日即将来临!Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetireless

efforts

ofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemust

unify

andshowthe

wisdom

tostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人类必须数力同心，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。话题语篇泛读InVolcano’sAftermath,anAgonizingWaitforTongaNewsTwodaysafteracolossalvolcaniceruptionspawnedatsunamithatstrucktheislandnationofTonga,severedcommunicationlinesleftTongansaroundtheworldwaitinganxiouslyfornewsoftheirlovedones,whileaidagenciesandthecountry’sPacificneighborsstruggledtoassessthescaleofthedamage.OnSaturdaynight,anunderseavolcanoabout40milesnorthofTonga’smainislandbelchedash,gasandsteammorethan12milesintotheair,creatingacloudofsulfurdioxideovertheregion,sendingparticlesdriftingacrosstheislandanddisablingacrucialsubmarineinternetcable.Itwasbelievedtobethelargestvolcaniceruptioninthreedecades,withtheshockwavetravelingthousandsofmiles.Hourslater,Tonga,acountryofaround100,000people,waspummeledbyatsunami.WavesofuptofourfeethitNuku’alofa,theTongancapital.Footagesharedinthefinalmomentsbeforetheinternetconnectionwascutshowedpeoplerunninginland,searchingdesperatelyforhighergroundinaveryflatcountry.Thevolcano,HungaTonga-HungaHa’apai,eruptedagainonMondaybutdidnottriggeratsunamiwarning.TongasitsalongthePacific“RingofFire,”aseriesoffaultlineswhereearthquakesandvolcanicactivityarefrequent.FatafehiFakafanua,thespeakeroftheLegislativeAssemblyofTonga,wasabletosendoutamessageonsocialmediaonMonday,describingthetsunami’simpactas“devastating”andnotingthatthefallofvolcanicashhadaffectedmanyareasofthecountry.“Thefullextentoftheharmtolivesandpropertyiscurrentlyunknown,”hesaid.“WhatwedoknowisthatTonganeedsimmediateassistancetoprovideitscitizenswithfreshdrinkingwaterandfood.”Thelossofmostcommunications,aswellasalingeringashcloudthathadreachedsome63,000feethigh,havemadeitdifficultfortheoutsideworldtogetapictureofthesituationinTonga.一场巨大的火山爆发引发的海啸袭击了岛国汤加，两天后，通讯线路依然中断，世界各地的汤加人都在焦急地等待他们所爱之人的消息，救援机构和汤加的太平洋邻国也在努力评估损失。周六晚上，位于汤加主岛以北约64公里的一座海底火山向空中喷出超过19公里的火山灰、气体和蒸汽，在该地区上空形成一片二氧化硫云，颗粒物在岛上飘浮，并使一条重要的海底互联网电缆瘫痪。这被认为是30年来最大的一次火山爆发，其冲击波传播了数千公里。数小时后，人口约10万的汤加遭到海啸袭击。高达1.2米的海浪袭击了汤加首都努库阿洛法。在互联网连接被切断前的最后时刻分享的视频显示，人们跑向内陆，在这个非常平坦的国家拼命寻找高地。这座名为洪阿汤加·洪阿哈阿帕伊的火山周一再次喷发，但没有触发海啸预警。汤加位于太平洋“火山带”，也就是一系列地震和火山活动频繁的断层带。汤加立法会议长法塔菲希·法卡法努阿周一在社交媒体上发布信息，称海啸的影响是“毁灭性的”，并指出火山灰的降落影响了该国的许多地区。“目前还不清楚生命和财产所遭受的全面损害，”他说。“我们所知道的是，汤加需要紧急援助，为居民提供新鲜的饮用水和食物。”由于大部分通讯被中断，高达1.9万余米的火山灰云挥之不去，使得外界难以了解汤加的情况。答案单词disasterdroughtslidefloodmagnituderescuedamagesurvivorsurvivedestroyevacuatedeathaffectsheltercrackruinpercentbrickmetalshockelectricitytrapburybreathereviverevivaleffortunifywisdomcontextsuffervolcanoeruptsupplytyphoonhurricanepowertappipewhistleemergencycalmaidkitcrashsweepwavestrikedeliversummaryeffectlengthn.龙卷风；旋风n.崩塌；滑坡n.海啸n.直升机短语naturaldisastersslideintobefloodedwithrescuesbfrom…do/causedamagetobecompletelydestroyedbesentencedtodeathaffectone’slifeundertheshel