高考英语语法填空易错练-科技发明与科普知识（原卷版）

语法填空易错练4

名校语法填空科技发明与科普知识易错题通关练

1.(2024•湖南衡阳•高三衡阳市八中校考期末)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Usingathree-dimensional(3-D)transmissionelectronmicroscopytechnique,agroupofChinese

scientistshavediscoveredanewphenomenoninthedeformation(变形)ofnanometals,whichwill

helpimprovematerialdesignandengineeringapplications.

HuangXiaoxu,aworld-renownedscientistinthefieldofmaterialsscience,](lead)a

teamattheCollegeofMaterialsScienceandEngineeringofChongqingUniversityanditscooperators,

createdtheworld'sfirst3-Dmicroscopytechniquesystem2trackedtherotationsof

individualgrainsinananograinednickelbeforeandafterinsitunanomechanicaltesting.Thetesting

enablestheobservationofhowthematerialsrespondtoappliedstressin3(they)native

state,whichisfundamentaltounderstandtheirmechanical4(property),saidtheresearch.

Theyfoundthatthenanosizedgrainssometimesexperiencelatticerotationsdifferentfromthe

5(theory)prediction.Thisunexpectedlatticerotationoccursmoreofteninthelargergrainsand

isduetoaphenomenon6(call)backstress,whichgeneratestherotation.

HuangXiaoxu'steam7(develop)3-Dmicroscopytechniquesoverthepast10years.

Themicroscopyisequipped8self-developedcontrollinghardwareandsoftwaretoenhance

theefficiencyofimagecollectionandprocessing.

“Inthepast,withconventionalmicroscopy,scientistscouldonlyobservethematerial

deformationinatwo-dimensionalway,9oftenledtoincompleteorevenmisleading

results,9,saidHuang."Nowwecan10(eventual)observethedeformationin3-D,andour

firstfindingusingthetechnique.^^

2.(2024•湖北十堰•高三统考期末)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Radiowavescarrysignalsnotonlybetweenourelectronicdevices,butalsoacross11

universe.Electromagneticradiation(电磁辐射)includesvisiblelight,X-rays12other

typesofenergy,allofwhichtravelthroughspaceaswaves.

Manytechnologiesuseradiowavestosendandreceivesignals.Taketheradioinyourcaror

homeforexample.13(broadcast)musicornews,aradiostation'stowersendsradiowaves

outintotheair.Thosewavestraveltoradios,whichtranslatetheincomingwavesintovibrations.

Vibratingspeakersinsidearadiocreatethesoundwavesheardasradioprograms.TVbroadcastswork

inthesimilarway.

Cellphonesand14(wire)computernetworksalsosendandreceivesignalsasradio

waves,sodoradarsystemsandGPSdevices.15allofthesecases,thedevicethatgenerates

radiowaves16(call)thesender.Thedevicethatpicksradiowavesupisthereceiver,but

technologyisnottheonlything17cancreateradiowaves.Lightninggivesoffradiowaves.

Italsoincludeslotsof18(object)throughouttheuniverse.

RadiotelescopesonEarthcantuneintotheradiowaves19(make)bythosedistant

objects.Observingthewavescanletpeoplelearnmoreaboutwhatthosedistantsourcesaremadeof

andhowthey'removing20(exact).

3.(2024•重庆•统考一模)

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Themedalsofthe19thAsianGameswerecreatedafternearlytwoyearsofteameffort.

“We21(have)noideaatthebeginning.Tobehonest,itwasdifficulttodeliver

Hangzhou'sthousandsofyearsofcultureandshowcaseitsuniquefeaturestotheworldinsuchasmall

medal,“Zhangrecalls.

22morethan20drafts,thefinaldesignofthemedalfeaturesthenaturallandscapeof

Hangzhouinthestyleofatraditionalpainting—23(mist)hills,aripplinglake,androlling

mountainsonthefront,24thebackfacefeaturesthelogooftheOlympicCouncilofAsia.

Thedesignofthemedal25(highlight)Hangzhou'secologicalimportance,withits

beautifulscenery,clearwaterandrollinghills.Thebridge-shapedbuckle(锁扣)atthetopofthe

ribbon(带子)symbolizes26famouswatertownsoftheYangtzeRiverDeltaregion.

27(participate)intheopeningbidding(招标)fortheAsianGamesproject,their

designsstoodoutfrommorethan4,20028(competitor).

“HavingtheopportunitytoparticipateinthedesignoftheGamesis29(actual)a

lifelongpursuitforusasdesigners,9,saysFang.

Theteamconductedagreatdealofinitialresearch30(select)elementsthatcan

representHangzhou,Zhejiang,andChina.

4.(2024•四川攀枝花•统考二模)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Augustanxiety:whywegetanxiousattheendofsummer

Assummergiveswaytoautumn,manyofuslongforwarmthandsunlight.Itiscommonfor

someofus31(feel)upsetwhenthedaysgetshorter.Peoplecallthisphenomenonautumn

sadness.32autumnsadnessisacommonseasonalfeelingwehaveassunlightcomesin

shortersupply,forsomepeople,ittakesonamoreseriousform33(know)asseasonal

affectivedisorder,orSAD.

SAD,aformofdepression,34(general)startsinlateautumnorearlywinterandgoes

awayinspringandsummer.PeoplewhohaveSADtypicallyoversleep,overeat,andloseinterestin

activitiestheyonce35(enjoy).Ingeneral,almostallpeoplesufferingfromSADfeelsad,

helpless,andevendesperate.

AddressingSADoftenrequiresmedicalhelp.Lighttherapyisacommonandeffectivetreatment.

Patients36(advise)toexposethemselvestosunlightorman-madelightthatimitatesnatural

sunlight.Lighttherapycanhelpregulatepatients5hormonesandgettheir37(life)backon

track.

Moreover,livingahealthierlife,suchasmaintainingaregularsleepschedule,takingpartin

regularphysicalactivities,andhaving38balanceddiet,canhelpmanageSAD.Itisworth

39(notice)that,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthoftheUS,inmostcases,

SADbeginsinyoungadulthood.So,whileembracingknowledgeinbooksandclasses,don'tforgetto

embracethesunlightoutdoorsandobtainenergy40nature!

5.(2024•全国•高三专题练习)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Thefirsttwogeneratingunitsoftheworld's41(large)hydropowerstationunder

constructionwereputintooperationonMonday,contributingtothecountry'sgreen42(develop)

andcarbon-neutralitygoals.

TheBaihetanhydropowerstation43(locate)ontheJinshaRiver,theuppersectionofthe

YangtzeRiverinsouthwestChina,with44investmentof220billionyuan.

Withconstructionstartedin2017,thehydropowerstation,45transmitsrichpower

resourcesinthewesttoenergy-consumingregionsineastChina,46(mark)amajorstepinthe

country'sutilizationofcleanenergy.

Thehydropowerstation,whichstraddlestheprovincesofYunnanandSichuan,willhaveatotal

47(install)capacityof16millionkilowatts.Itwillbeequipped4816hydro-generatingunits,

eachwithacapacityof1millionkilowatts,thelargestsingle-unitcapacityintheworld.

Wheninfulloperation,theBaihetanprojectisexpected49(save)approximately19.68

milliontonnesofstandardcoalandreducetheemissionofcarbondioxideemissionsby51.6million

tonnes50(annual).

6.(2023•吉林白山•统考一模)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Asmalldevice,Moxie,hasproducedoxygenonthesurfaceofMars,51(bring)the

chancesofsurvivingontheredplanetastepcloser.Researchpublishedin52journalScience

AdvancesreportedthatMoxieproducedbreathableoxygeninseven-hour-longtestsconductedin

variousweatherandatmosphericconditionslastyear.Theresearchalsofoundthatevenin53

(extreme)harshweatherconditionslikeaMartianduststorm,Moxie54(continue)toproduce

highpurityoxygen.

“Thisisthefirstdemonstrationofactuallyusing55(resource)onthesurfaceofMarsand

transformingthemchemicallyintosomethingusefulforahumanmission,9,JeffreyHoffman,aretired

astronaut,said.

“ThethinatmosphereonMarsis96percentcarbondioxideandmuchmore56

(change)thanonEarthandthetemperaturecanvaryby100degrees,“Hoffmansaid."Oneaimis

57(show)wecanrunMoxieinallseasons.9,

Thedevice,Moxie,usessomespecialpumps,58takeincarbondioxide.Thegas59

(heat)to800℃andpressedtoseparatethecarbonandoxygen.Carbonmonoxideissentoutaswaste

whilethepureoxygenisleftbehind.

Despitethechallenges,MoxiehasproveddurableintheextremeconditionsonMarsand

scientistsregardthetestresults60agreatachievement.

7.(2024•湖南株洲•统考一模)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

TheSecondInternationalSummitonBDSApplicationswasheldinZhuzhou,Hunanprovince

fromOctober26to28with13specialactivities61(share)cutting-edgetechnologies,

linkinghigh-endresourcesandpromotinghigh-qualityprojects.

BDS,theBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem,hasbecomeoneofthefourglobalsatellite

navigation62(system)recognizedbytheUN,alongwiththeUnitedStates5GPs,Russia's

GLONASsandtheEuropeanUnion'sGalileo.It63(serve)usersinmorethan200

countriesandregionsworldwideoverthepastyears.

TheapplicationofBDsexpandsfast,andithasprovidedserviceformorethan20industriessuch

as64(energetic)andtelecommunication.BDSisapublicserviceproduct65

(offer)byChina,andthecountryiswillingto66(deep)cooperationinBDSapplication

withallothercountriesaroundtheworldtostrengthentechnologycommunicationandmeetthe

diversedemandsofusersaroundtheworld.

67thebirthplaceofBDStechnology,Hunanprovinceboostsmorethan80percentof

coretechnologiesintheindustry.And68provincehas518enterprisesrelatedtoBDSwith

atotalproductionvaluereaching38billionyuanandaims69(increase)thescaleofits

BDSindustryto100billionyuaninthenextthreeyears.Itisconfidentthatitwillmakebreakthroughs

innewtechnology,promotethecooperationbetweeninstitutes,universitiesandenterprises70

improvetheresearchandmanufacturingcapabilityofBDS.

8.(2023•全国•高三统考阶段练习)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

TheSanyaNanfan(南繁)SeedBreeding(繁殖)Base,locatedinsouthChina?sHainanProvince,

playsavitalroleasaseedcentreinChina.71(unique)blessedwithnature'sgiftsanda

wealthofthecountry'sresources,itservesasthededicatedground72skilledagricultural

expertscontributetofeedingournationandaddressingglobalhunger.

Dr.XiaoFengstandsattheforefrontofagriculturalinnovationinNanfan.Jokingly73

(refer)tohimselfasa“mudskipper”,heisoftenspottedwithrolled-uptrouserlegsknee-deepinthe

74(mud)fields.Dr.Xiao,alongwithotherNanfanresearchers,75(commit)

wholeheartedlytoimprovinggrainproduction,ensuringthatpeople'sdinnertablesarefilled.

""Lifecanbecomparedtoaseed,remarksDr.Xiao."Occasionally,itmayeithernotgrowas

expected76remaininactive.Nevertheless,hopeandopportunitypersist.Theseedoflifewill

alwaysmanage77(emerge)throughtheground/'

Theterm^Nanfan46itselfimpliestothepracticeoftransplantingsummertimecropsfromnorthern

latitudestoHainanduringitswinter.Thismakesforan78(extend)ofgrowingseasons.

Shorteningthebreedingcycle79halformore,Nanfanacceleratesthebreedingprocess.

Hopeisahumbleseed;when80(plant)infertileground,ittransfigures(美化...的夕卜

表)intonewlifebearingfruitsofchange.TheresearchersatNanfanarethoseseedsofhope.

9.(2023•上海•高三校考期中)

Catsareactuallysurprisinglybadatcatchingrats

Ifyouareannoyedbyrats,thinktwiceaboutgettingacat.Acatmightleadtotheappearanceofa

rat-freehome,butitturnsoutthattheratsarestillthere.Theyarejustkeepingalowprofile.

“Catsarenotthenaturalenemyofrats,“saysMichaelParsonsofFordhamUniversity,NewYork.

“Theyprefersmallerprey.^^

Histeam81(study)aratcolonyatarecyclingplantinNewYorkinthepastfewyears.

Whencatsmovedintotheplantlastyear,theresearchersweredisappointed,butdecidedtosetup

cameras82(monitor)thearea.

Overfivemonths,theysawjustthreeattemptsbycatstocatchrats,onlytwoof83

succeeded.Catshavegoodreasonstobecautious.Thecommonrathaslargeteeththatcangivea

painfulbiteandcarrylotsofdiseases.Theyalsoweigh340gramsonaverage84(compare)

with25gramsforamouse.

Parsonsthinksthatonlystarvingcatswillattempttocatchrats85theratsaresickor

injured.Thetworatskilledduringtheteam'sstudy86havebeenweakenedbyeating

poisonedfood,hesays.

However,catsdohaveabiginfluenceonratbehavior.cuRatsoverestimatetheriskcausedbycats,“

saysParsons.Histeamfoundthatwhencatsareinthearea,ratsspendmuchmoretimein87

(hide)andmovearoundcautiously.Thatmeanstheyaremuchlesslikelytobeseenbypeople,which

couldexplain88mostpeoplewronglythinkcatsaregoodatkillingrats.

Somecatownersmay89(convince)theirpetsareexcellentratters.ButParsonshas

foundthatmanypeoplemistakemice90rats.Thatsaid,itispossiblethereareafew

exceptionalcatsthatdotakeonhealthy,adultrats,hesays.

10.(2023•贵州黔东南•高三统考阶段练习)

阅读下面短义，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Inthe19thcentury,snowskiinggainedgreat91(popular).Asthesportgotmore

widely92(recognize),theskiresorts(度彳发月生地)becameextremelyprofitablebusinesses.

Buttheresortownersallhad93majorproblem.Intheirlineofwork,successwas94

(complete)dependentontheweather.Ifitdidn'tsnow,95didn'tsnowenough,theywould

closedownuntiltheweathermadesnowskiingpossible.Inmanypartsoftheworld,theskiingseason

96(limit)toonlyamonthortwo.

Thesolutionwastofigureoutawaytomakesnowwhenpeopleneededit,incasenaturefailed

97(provide)muchsnow.Theresultwasaninventioncalledthesnowgun.Thistoolproved

98(use)evenwhennaturalsnowwasenough,becauseitgaveresortownersgreatercontrolover

theconsistencyofthetoplayerofsnow,99(allow)themtocreatebetterskiingconditions.

Thesedays,snowmakingmachinesarestandardequipmentinmostskiresorts,100

makesitpossibleformanyresortstostayopenformonths.Andthereareevenafewindoorskiresorts

remainingopenallyearround.

U.(2024•河南•校联考模拟预测)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Overthepast10years,China'ssci-techstrengthhasgrownalongwiththedevelopmentofthe

country'seconomicstrength,101(become)adrivingforceforChinesemodernization.In

terms102thequantityandqualityofitsresearch,China103(maintain)itsfirst-place

globalpositionformanyyears.

Inthepastdecade,Chinahaswonmajor104(science)researchachievements,including

itsdevelopmentofnuclearpowertechnologyandAItechnology,105havenotonlypromoted

thedevelopmentofemergingindustries,buthavealsoacceleratedthetransformationoftraditional

industries.

The2023ZhongguancunForum106(schedule)totakeplaceinBeijinginMay.Themed

“OpenCooperationforaSharedFuture”,itincludedconferences,exhibitions,researchachievement

releases,competitionsincutting-edgefieldsandtechnologytrading.

Scienceandtechnologyareimportantguaranteesforfood107(secure).Sci-tech

innovationinspires108developmentofsmartmedicalcareandthenewmedicine.Internet

hospitalsallowmedicalresources109(distribute)inamorebalancedwa