完形阅读提升（原卷版）-高二英语暑假课（译林版选择性）

第13讲完形阅读提升（原卷版）【暑假自学课】2022年新高二英语

暑假精品课（译林版2020选择性必修第二册）

【学习目标】

1.掌握高中完形填空和阅读理解的解题思路

2.强化训练高中阅读理解常考的四种文体

【基础知识】

完形填空

完形填空之推理逻辑关系

在解答完形填空时，利用连词and,but,so,yet,or等或although,though,because,since,nowthat等从属连

词或neither...nor,either...or,notonly...butalso等平行结构，确定正确答案。

完形填空之使用排除策略

在做完形填空时，用尽所有办法仍不能推断出答案时，可以采用排除法。先分别将选项代入原文，观

察上下文逻辑、词语等搭配方面是否符合上下文，如不符合就排除。

完形填空之复现关系分析

完形填空中，“词语复现法”是解题的一大技法。根据“所选有所据”的命题原则可知，试题的答案一定会

在上下文中或多或少地给予提示。词语的复现可以是上下文中同一词汇重复出现、同源词复现，同/近义/反

义词复现等。

完形填空之生活常识利用

大部分完形填空需联系上下文解答，但有的空却只能通过背景常识解答。做题时，联系上下文语境，

联系风俗习惯、文化历史等方面的生活常识进行判断。

阅读理解

（一）主旨大意

①如果第一段以人物故事开头，第一段则是引子，中心句应在第二段。

②讲故事类文章的中心一般为文章最后一句。

（1）主题句位于文章或段落的开头：

主题句出现在段首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是

英语中最常见的写作方法。

【例文1】

Peoplewhotalkandsingtoplantshavenomentalproblemsatall,accordingtoanagriculturalexpert."Infact,

singingandtalkingtoplantsmakesthemgrowbetter,“saysDrBraymar.Thereasonisquitesimple.Whenwesing

ortalktoplants,weexhale（口乎出）CO2whichplantsneedtosurviveandgrowbetter.PlantsabsorbCO2through

theirpores（小孔）duringthesunlighthoursandproduceoxygenwhichpeopleneedtosurvive.Singingandtalking

havegoodeffectsonplants,however,onlyduringthedaytime.Singingortalkingatbedtimewillnothelpplantsto

growbetterorgrowfaster.

本段的首句是主题句，其后的句子或是解释说明“对植物说话或唱歌有益于植物”，或是为这一主题思想提供

论据。本段的结尾句呼应主题句，在给予主题思想又一论据的同时，幽默地收尾。

【例文2】

Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven*teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakor

otherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesand

fruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalled

fastfoods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

本段的首句是主题句，点明人在食物的口味上是有所不同的。其后的句子都是在进一步地阐述这个主题。

例Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Welldesignedtoolsandequipmentwill

requirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（另U扭的）handpositions.Theywillallowtheworkerto

keeptheelbows（肘）nexttothebodytopreventdamagetotheshoulderandarm.

Overuseinjuriescanthereforebepreventedorreducediftheemployerprovides,andworkersuse:

Q:Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.GoodToolDesignforWomenB.ImportanceofGoodToolDesign

C.ToolDesignandPreventionofInjuriesD.OveruseofToolsandWorkerProtection

（2）主题句位于文章结尾。

【例文1】

Ifyouhadn'tknownthem,youwouldhavethoughtJoeandJimwerequitealike.Theywerebothtallandwore

longandfairhair.Theybothwalkedwithasteadystride（坚定的步伐）.Theybothspokeinadeepvoicethat

madethemselvesseemmucholderthantheyreallywere.Bothofthemworedarkclothesasarule,andtheyliked

lightcolouredties.Butthatwasallthelikenesstheyhad.Inotherthingstheyweresharplydifferent.Joewas

considerateandhelpful,andeveryonelikedhim.Jim,however,wasveryselfishandoftenflaredintoterribleanger

atlittlethingsthatdispleasedhim.AlikeasJoeandJimwereonthesurface,theywerereallyverydifferentic

nature.

这段文字对乔与吉姆两个人相像和不同的细节进行叙述，最后一句作了归纳总结：这两人表面相似，但实

质极不相同。

【例文2】

Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkon

theirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfy

allstudentsatthesametime.

本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。

例IntheUnitedStates,oldpeoplewhonolongerhaveanineorwhosufferfromalossofphysicalabilitiesare

oftenforcedtogiveuplivingalone.Theymustleavetheirhomesanddependonsomeoneelsetogivethemaplace

toliveandtotakecareoftheirphysicalneeds:theymusteitherlivewithrelativesorliveinhomesfortheaged.

Thislossofindependenceisamajorproblemfortheaged.

Q:Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?

A.OldpeopleintheUnitedStateswhoarepoororsickcannotlivealone.

B.BeingunabletolivealoneisaseriousproblemforoldpeopleintheUnitedStates.

C.Oldpeoplewhoarepoororsickshouldlivewiththeirrelatives,notinhomesfortheaged.

D.IntheUnitedStates,oldpeoplewhoarepoororsickareforcedtoliveinhomesfortheaged.

（3）主题句首尾呼应

【例文】

Whatcausestrafficjams?Thafseasy:toomanycars.No,wrong.Thinkagain.Whatcausesmuchofthe

jammingonourstreetsaretrafficlights.

Thinkofallthehoursinyourlifewastedasyourcarjourneyisstoppedbylightstoletnonexistenttraffic

through,andthenaskyourselfthis:whoisthebetterjudgeofwhenit'ssafetogo一you,thedriveratthetimeand

theplace,orlightsprogrammedbyanabsentregulator（控制器）？...

Notoolydotrafficlightshelptoleogthenjourneyspointlessly,butalsoth。UK'slargenumberof24hour

trafficlightsamountstoGPH（严重的全球性危险）.About30percentofourCO2outputisfromtraffic.Professor

DavidHegg,theinfluentialtransportexpert,admitsthat40percentofthatesfromtrafficwaiting.Everylitreof

fuelburntproduces2.4kgofourCO2andothergreenhousegases.Multiplytheminutesofforcedwaitingat

controlledlightsbythehoursinthedayandnight,bythedaysintheyear,bythenumberofvehicles,andthe

environmentaleffectbeesclear.

Q:Thepurposeofthepassageisto.

A.callouttostopthetrafficlights

B.plainabouttheheavytraffic

C.explainhowcarspollutetheenvironment

D.callondriverstogivewaytootherroadusers

本文讲了人们通常认为交通堵塞是因为车辆太多造成的，而作者认为红绿灯是造成交通堵塞的原因。作者

在第一段提出了红绿灯造成了交通堵塞这个观点，然后分析原因，在最后一段的第一句话中再次点明主题，

故选Ao

例Itmayhelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.Atsomepointineveryspeech,every

speakersayssomethingthatisnotunderstoodexactlyashehasplanned.Fortunately,suchmomentsareusuallynot

obvioustothelisteners.Why?Becausethelistenersdonotknowwhatthespeakerplanstosay.Theyhearonly

whatthespeakerdoessay.Ifyouloseyourplaceforamoment,wronglychangetheorderofacoupleofsentences,

orforgettopauseatacertainpoint,noonewillbeanythewiser.Whensuchmomentsoccur,don'tworryabout

them.Justcontinueasifnothinghappened.

Asyouworkonyourspeech,don'tworryaboutbeingperfect.Onceyoufreeyourmindofthis,youwillfind

itmucheasiertogiveyourspeechfreely.

Q:Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowtoBeaPerfectSpeakerB.HowtoMakeaPerfectSpeech

C.Don'tExpectaPerfectSpeechD.Don'tExpectMistakesinaSpeech

(4)主题句位于段落的中间

【例文】

Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachild

whoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodemflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethingin

thebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehas

beenout.

文段开头先说明如果在夜晚轮胎坏了的时候没有东西可以像手电筒那么有用，随后说明手电筒在很多光线

暗的情况下可以带来很多光，接着在后文又对这一主题进行进一步的解释以支撑主题。

例Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:

“ColorTV.Only$79.Twodayssale.Hurry."However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy,youmaydiscover

thattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhich

is"justrightforyou”.Itcosts$395.Thissalesmethodiscalled"baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasales

advertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.

Theparagraphcouldbeentitled.

A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethod

C.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSale

(5)主题句隐含在段意之中

例JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.Hetransferredto

theUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhim

withanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.

B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.

C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.

D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.

（二）猜测词义

常用的猜词策略：

（1）利用构词法：转化，合成，派生

熟悉常见后缀的含义及派生、合成、转化法的特点，确定所构词的词性和语义。

【例文】

nOurpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,"Anacleriosaid,"andthey'reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthat

theybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject."

文中interactive是由前缀inter（相互的）和active（活动的，活跃的）构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以

判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。

例Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmeetrl

listenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.

（2）利用定义或释义：

定义解释的形式多种多样，有定语从句、同位语、并列句、英语释义法，有时用thatis（tosay）,similarly,

namely,means,inotherwords等引出来，标点符号有："---”等，以补充说明。

【例文】

Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.脆的

Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.牧羊人

Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalsthathavebackbones.脊椎动物

（3）利用同义或反义等

同义词替换的表达方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词

语有or,like,similar等。

反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词义，常用的引出反义词的标志

词有instead,but,not等。

【例文】

Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.易挥发的

Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.替换

例Americanbusinessmenexpectemployeestobepunctual.Theydonotexpectthattheworkerswillelate.

Q:Whafsthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“punctual“inthepassage?

(4)利用因果关系

常用的关联词有：because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,so...that,such...that,therefore等。

【例文】

Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.浑浊的

SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecould

nottellthedifference.假的

Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.彳修剪

例Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.

(5)利用对比关系

表示对比和转折关系的词汇主要有but,yet,however,while,though,unlike,instead,ontheotherhand,on

thecontrary,incontrastwith,标点符号分号(；)有时也可表示对比。

【例文】

ThoughTom'sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.脏的

Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isveryabstemious.节约的

Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.天生的

例Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycool,thenoondaysunwastropical.

(6)利用同位语解释

【例文】

Wecanfeelacceleration,anincreaseinspeed.快速的

Weareonthenightshift------frommidnightto8a.m.------thisweek.夜班

(7)利用上下文提供的信息

【例文】

TheweatherinHawaiiisalwaysmild.Itispleasantandwarm.Thereisusuallyalightwindtocooltheair.

温和的

Appletreesmaygrowastallastwelvemetres.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.Althoughno

fruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.生长

(8)利用经验常识猜测词义

通过逻辑推理，有时自身的生活经验及普通常识能帮助我们确定词义。

【例文】

Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecold.枯萎

【考点剖析】

考点一：阅读理解应用文

IslandLobster（龙虾）panyOpen

OwnersKatieandThomWerneropenedIslandLobsterpanyearlierthisweek.It'slocatedonPeaksIslandin

thespaceformerlyoccupiedbyPeaksIslandHouse.

The64seatestablishmentisatraptotablerestaurantTheWernersareservinglobstersthatthey*retrappedand

hauledinwiththeirownboat.Youcanseeacopyoftheirmenuontheirwebsite.

CoalsPizzaOpensToday

CoalsPizzaisscheduledtoopentodayat5pm.Coalsislocatedat114PrebleStreetintheformerPortland&

Rochesterspace.ThisisCoals'onlylocationoutsideofNewYork,Theyspecializeingrilledpizza.Youcansee

theirfullmenuonline.

Luke*sLobster

Theseafoodspot,whichwillsoftopenfordinneronWednesday,isamajormilestoneforthelobsterpanythat

firstlaunchedinManhattanin2009.StartedbyCapeElizabethnativeLukeHolden,Luke*sLobsterdebutedinNew

YorkCity'sEastVillage,andwentontomakeitsmarkin10citiesacrosstheU.S.plusJapanandChina.

UnderConstruction:Twist

AnewfoodtruckcalledTwistisunderdevelopmentTwistisacollaborationbetweenMelissaLombardi,a

formermanageratWoodfordF&BandDanZarin,thelongtimewriteroftheBreakfastSerialcolumn.Twistwillbe

servingcustomizedicecreamandshakesmadetoorder.

1.WhatisspecialinIslandLobsterpany?

A.Itservesfreshlycaughtlobsters.

B.ItistheonlylocationoutsideofNewYork.

C.Itisamilestoneforthelobsterpany.

D.Itservescustomizedicecreamandshakes

2.Whereshouldyougoifyouwanttohavepizza?

A.PeaksIsland.

B.Portland&Rochesterspace.

C.114PrebleStreet.

D.NewYorkCity'sEastVillage.

3.WhichrestauranthasopenedabranchinChina?

A.IslandLobsterpany.B.CoalsPizza.

C.Twist.D.Luke*sLobster.

考点二：阅读理解说明文

Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treesmunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothe

nextgeneration?

UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmoreplexthanmostofuseverimagined.Although

CharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarepetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.In

fact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheircooperationandsupport,passingaroundnecessary

nutrition46dependingonwhoneedsit”.

Nitrogenandcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfunginetworks,makingsurethatalltreesinthe

forestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworks

inaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneuronsinourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itaffectsall.

Simardtalksabout44mothertrees^,usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.She

explainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtrees

sotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown4tmothertrees9,withnoawarenessofthesehighlyplex^tree

societies"。1thenetworksonwhichtheyfeed,wearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.

“Wedidn'ttakeanynoticeofit,"Simardsayssadly."Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbefore

dying,butwenevergivethemchance.'Tfwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakea

hugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.

24.Theunderlinedsentencecttheoppositeistrue^inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees.

A.struggleforsurvival

B.protecttheirownwealth

C.dependoneachother

D.providesupportfordyingtrees

25.“Mothertrees9,areextremelyimportantbecausethey.

A.lookthesmallestinsizeintheforest

B.passonnutritiontoyoungtrees

C.seemmorelikelytobecutdownbyhumans

D.knowmoreabouttheplex<6treesocieties^^

26.Theunderlinedword"it"inthelastparagraphrefersto.

A.how66treesocieties^work

B.howtreesgrowup.

C.howyoungtreessurvive

D.howforestryindustrydevelops

27.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.OldTreesmunicateLikeHumanbeing

B.ProtectYoungTreesInNeed

C.TreesAreMoreAwesomeThanYouThink

D.TreesContributeToOurSociety

考点三：阅读理解记叙文

3.

OneSunday,Nicholas,ateenager,wentskiingatSugarloafMountaininMaine.Intheearlyafternoon,whenhe

wasplanningtogohome,afiercesnowstormsweptintothearea.Unabletoseefar,heaccidentallyturnedoffthe

path.Beforeheknewit,Nicholaswaslost,allalone!Hedidn'thavefood,water,aphone,orothersupplies.Hewas

gettingcolderbytheminute.

Nicholashadnoideawherehewas.Hetriednottopanic.Hethoughtaboutallofthesurvivalshowshehad

watchedonTV.Itwastimetoputthetipshehadlearnedtouse.

Hedecidedtostopskiing.Therewasabetterchanceofsomeonefindinghimifhestayedput.Thefirstthinghedid

wastofindshelterfromthefreezingwindandsnow.Ifhedidn't,hisbodytemperaturewouldgetverylow,which

couldquicklykillhim.

Usinghisskis,Nicholasbuiltasnowcave.Hegatheredahugemassofsnowanddugoutaholeinthe

middle.Thenhepiledbranchesontopofhimself,likeablanket,tostayaswarmashecould.

Bythatevening,Nicholaswasreallyhungry.Heatesnowanddrankwaterfromanearbystreamsothathis

bodywouldn'tlosetoomuchwater.Notknowinghowmuchlongerhecouldlast,Nicholasdidtheonlythinghe

could-hehuddledinhiscaveandslept.

Thenextday,Nicholaswentouttolookforhelp,buthecouldn'tfindanyone.Hefollowedhistracksand

returnedtothesnowcave,becausewithoutshelter,hecoulddiethatnight.OnTuesday,Nicholaswentoutagainto

findhelp.Hehadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundhim.Aftertwodaysstuckinthe

snow,Nicholaswassaved.

NicholasmightnothavesurvivedthissnowstormhaditnotbeenforTVHehadoftenwatchedGryllsSurvival

showManvs.Wild.Thafswherehelearnedthetipsthatsavedhislife.IneachepisodeofManvs.Wild,Gryllsis

abandonedinawildareaandhastofindhiswayout.

WhenGryllsheardaboutNicholas?amazingdeeds,hewassuperimpressedthatNicholashadmadeitsincehe

knewbetterthananyonehowhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive.

24.WhathappenedtoNicholasoneSundayafternoon?

A.Hegotlost.B.Hebrokehisface.

C.Hehurthiseyes.D.Hecaughtafever.

25.HowdidNicholaskeephimselfwarm?

A.Hefoundashelter.B.Helightedsomematches.

C.Hekeptonskating.D.Hebuiltasnowcave.

26.OnTuesday,Nicholas.

A.cametohissheltersafely

B.wassavedbyasearcher

C.gotstuckinthesnow

D.stayedwherehewas

27.NicholasleftGryllsaverydeepimpressionbecausehe.

A.didtherightthingsinthedangeroussituation

B.watchedTVprogramregularly

C.playedsometipsforsurvival

D.wasveryhardworking

考点四：阅读理解议论文

立例4.

Lifecanbesowonderful,fullofadventureandjoy.ltcanalsobefullofchallenges,setbacksand

heartbreaks.Whateverourcircumstances,wegenerallystillhavedreams,hopesanddesires-thatlittlesomething

morewewantforourselvesandourlovedones.Yetknowingwecanhavemorecanalsocreateaproblem,because

whenwegotochangethewaywedothings,upetheoldpatternsandpitfallsthatstoppedusfromseekingwhatwe

wantedinthefirstplace.

Thistensionbetweenwhatwefeelwecanhaveandwhatwe'reseeminglyabletohaveistheniggling

suffering,theanxietywefeel.Thisiswhereweusuallythinkifseasiertojustgiveup.Butwe'renevermeanttolet

goofthepartofusthatknowswecanhavemore.Theintelligencebehindthatknowingisustherealus.Ifsthe

partthatbelievesinlifeanditspossibilities.Ifyoudropthat,youbegintofeelalittle^dead^insidebecauseyou're

dropping"you”.

So,ifwehavethiscapabilitybutsomehowlifeseemstokeepusstuck,howdowebreakthesepatterns?

Decideonanewcourseandmakeonedecisionatatime.Thisisgoodadviceforanewadventureorjust

gettingthroughtoday'schallenges.

While,deepdown,weknowwecandoit,ourmind-orthemindsofthoseclosetous-usuallysayswecan't.

Thatisn'tareasontostop,ifsjustthemind,thatlittlemanorwomanonyourshoulder,tryingtotalkyououtof

somethingagain.lthasdoneitmanytimesbefore.Ifsallaboutstartingsimpleanddoingitnow.

Decideandactbeforeoverthinking.Whenyoudothisyoumayfeelalittle,orlarge,releasefromthejailofyour

mindandyou511beonyourway.

28.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatweshould.

A.liveasimplelife

B.takecarefullywhenwechoosetochange

C.sticktoourdreamsunderanycircumstances

D.becontentwithwhatwealreadyhave

29.Whatisthekeytobreakingtheoldpatterns?

A.Toconcentrateoneverydetail.

B.Todecideandtakeimmediateaction.

C.Tolistentothoseclosetous.

D.Tothinktwicebeforeweact.

3O.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?

A.Farawayfromyourpunishment.

B.Realizationofyourdreams.

C.Freedomfromyourtension.

D.Reductionofyourexpectations.

31.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?

A.Ifseasierthanwethinktogetwhatwewant.

B.Ifsharderthanweexpecttofollowanewcourse.

C.Ifsimpracticaltochangeourwayofthinking.

D.Ifsimportanttolearntoacceptsufferingsinlife.

江苏省南通市20202021学年度上学期高二期中考试模拟试题

阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）

A

ItwaslateAugustwhenIgotacallfromagrandmother.ShelivesinSeeleyLake,Montana,andshehasheard

wehaveairpurifiers（净化器）withhigh-efficiencyparticulateair（HEPA）air-cleanersthatcanhelpwithsmoke.She

needsoneforthebaby'sroom.Iexplainedwedidn'thaveanyandtoldherhowtopurchaseone.

Shecoughedandwentsilentwithdisappointmentbeforeaskinghowmuchtheycost.AlmosteverypersonI

talktoinSeeleyLakehasthiscough.t4Thefamilydoesn'thavemuchmoney,“shesaid,butshepromisedtoorder

afilterforthechild.Smallfilters——onesthatcancleanabedroomofupto75squarefeet-costabout870each.

Thenextday,thewildfirethathadbeenburningforweeksintheLoloNationalForest,northeastoftown,

movedclosertothewoman?sneighborhood,andthecountysheriff'sofficeevacuated（疏散）thearea.Iwondered

whethertheair-cleanerwouldbetherewhenthefamilyreturnedhome.Iknewthesmokewouldbe.

Asanair-qualityspecialistwiththeMissoulaCity-CountyHealthDepartmentinMontana,myjobisto

understandairpollution,controlitasmuchaspossible,andhelppeopleprotectthemselvesfromitseffects.Ifocus

onsmokemanagement：issuingpermitsforoutdoorbumsandupdatingresidentsaboutwhattoexpectfromthe

smokewhenwildfiressenditourway.

Neverhadweseensomanywildfiressoclosetohomeforsomanyweeks.Therearesixclassesonthe

EnvironmentalProtectionAgency9sAirQualityIndex（指数）：good,moderate,unhealthyforsensitivegroups,

unhealthy,veryunhealthy,anddangerous.SeeleyLake'sairreachedadangerousclassin18dayslastsummer.

Lastyearwastroubledbywildfiresaroundthecountry.ThefiresthatstruckNorthernCaliforniaalonekilled

44peopleandcausedmorethan59billionindamage.Butthisisn'tjustarecentproblem,norisitlimitedtothe

West.Wildfireshit49statesin2017,includingaswathfromFloridatoVirginia.Morethan9millionacresburned

nationwide,paredwiththeyearlyaverageof6.5millionacres.

21.Whydidthegrandmothermakeacalltotheauthor?

A.Topreventthewildfire.

B.Tohelphermakeamove.

C.Toaskforanairpurifier.

D.Togetinformationaboutairpollution.

22.Howdidthewomanfeelabouttheauthor'sreply?

A.Angry.B.Hopeful.

C.Excited.D.Disappointed.

23.paredwiththeyearlyaverage,theburnedacresnationwidein2017roseby.

A.about49%B.about38%

C.about72%D.about52%

B

Weoftenseekfoodafterfocusedmentalactivity,likepreparingforanexam.Researchersguessthattoomuch

thinkingconsumesalotofenergyfromthebrain.Sothebrain,sensingthatitmaysoonrequiremorecaloriesto

keepgoing,apparentlyleadstobodilyhunger,andeventhoughtherehasbeenlittlephysicalmovement,weeat.

Theresearchersnotethattiringactivitybothincreasestheamountofbloodsugarandlactate（乳酸盐）

circulatinginthebloodandincreasesbloodflowtothehead.

Becausethebrainusessugarandlactateasfuel,researcherswonderediftheincreasedflowoffuel-richblood

duringexercisecouldfeedaworn-outbrainandreducetheurgetoovereat.

Thirty-eighthealthycollegestudentswereinvitedtodeterminetheirfitnessandmetabolic（新陈代谢）rates

andtoreportwhattheirfavoritepizzawas.Afterward,theysatquietlyfor35minutesbeforebeinggivenasmuchof

theirfavoritepizzaastheywanted.Atalaterdate,thevolunteersreturnedandspent20minutesmakingselections

fromcollegeandgraduate-schoolentranceexams.

Next,halfthestudentssatquietlyfor15minutes,beforebeinggivenpizza.Therestofthevolunteersspent

those15minutesdoingintervalsonatreadmiU（跑步机）twominutesofhardrunningfollowedbyaboutoneminute

ofwalking,repeatedfivetimes.Thesestudentswerethenallowedtogorgeonpizza,too.Butbyandlarge,theydid

notovereat.

Whentheresearchersfactoredin（将...作为因素考虑）thecaloriesburntonrunning,theydeterminedthat

thosestudentsactuallyconsumed200fewertotalcaloriesaftertheirbrainworkoutsthantherestingstudents.

Theresearchersdonotknowiftherunnersconsumedextracaloriesatdinner.Theyalsocannottellwhether

othertypesofexercisewouldhavethesameeffectasrunning，althoughtheresearcherssaytheysuspectthatifan

activitycausessomeonetobreakintoasweat,itshouldalsoincreasebloodsugarandlactate,feedingthebrainand

weakeninghungerscall.

24.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Weeatformorephysicalmovements.

B.Abusybraincanmakeonehungry.

C.Energyfromthebraincan'tbeusedup.

D.Anexamresultsincaloricconsumptionmost.

25.Whatcanaphysicalmovementdo?

A.Increasebloodflow.

B•Increasetheamountofbloodsugar.

C.Urgeonetoeatmore.

D.Makethebraintired.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"gorgeon^^inParagraph5mean?

A.Eat.B.Purchase.

C.Taste.D.Obtain.

C

“Hopehasprovedapowerfulpredictorofouteineverystudywe'vedonesofar,“saidDrSnyde