2008年历年考研英语真题

绝密★启用前

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语

（科目代码：201）

☆考生注意事项☆

1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡

指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷

条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由

考生自负。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须

书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在

草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂

写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

（以下信息考生必须认真填写）

考生编号

考生姓名

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneof

thosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayit

anyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.

Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterial

causewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirst

suggested.

5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Together

withanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatone

groupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathas

broughtthisabout.Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentral

Europe.Theprocessisnaturalselection.

ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe10value

of100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWe

st,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,

13.Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnasty

geneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14,havepreviouslybeen

thoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15tosocialeffects,suchasastrong

traditionof16education.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17ofgeneticisolation.Dr.

Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately18.His

argumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19themto

uniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20stateofaffairs.

1．[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased

2．[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare

3．[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against

4．[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately

5．[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence

6．[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk

英语试题.1.（共14页）

7．[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects

8．[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question

9．[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating

10．[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total

11．[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately

[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably

12．[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers

13．[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve

14．[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile

15．[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown

16．[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing

17．[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument

18．[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined

19．[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed

20．[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuous

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,

CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

英语试题.2.（共14页）

Text1

Whilestillcatchinguptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappearto

bewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularly

susceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostress

comparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’s

Veteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehow

affectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetrigger

chemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,when

stressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,

theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased

“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’s

justthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfor

toleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’re

dealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyand

sooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsof

thingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.

Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsof

randomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenare

exposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorother

familymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthat

comesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedto

finishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuch

frustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,

hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecare

ofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilived

frompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.

Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,and

feelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingways

todiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

英语试题.3.（共14页）

21.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

[A]Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

[B]Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

[C]Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

[D]Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

22.Dr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen

[A]needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.

[B]havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

[C]aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

[D]areexposedtomorestress.

23.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe

[A]domesticandtemporary.

[B]irregularandviolent.

[C]durableandfrequent.

[D]trivialandrandom.

24.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line6,Para.5)showsthat

[A]Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

[B]Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

[C]Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

[D]Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

[B]ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

[C]StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

[D]GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

英语试题.4.（共14页）

Text2

Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthe

laboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditor

wouldthenremovetheauthors’namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsenditto

theirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldaccept

thepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,

andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothe

journal.

Nolonger.TheInternet–andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoare

questioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-funded

researchbyrestrictingaccesstoit–ismakingfreeaccesstoscientificresultsareality.

TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)hasjust

issuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohn

HoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,

makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butit

goesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelement

ofscientificendeavour.

Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearch

depends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.In

America,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand

$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedical

Publisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializingin

thesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000

journals.

Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarly

journalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainones

wereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,where

institutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthrough

site-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedby

askingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,there

areopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternational

laboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsof

thesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscribersto

readapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryone

whowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-review

process,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

英语试题.5.（共14页）

26.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses

[A]thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.

[B]thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.

[C]therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.

[D]thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.

27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?

[A]Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.

[B]Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.

[C]Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.

[D]Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.

28.Accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinthat

[A]itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.

[B]itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.

[C]itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.

[D]itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.

29.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto

[A]coverthecostofitspublication.

[B]subscribetothejournalpublishingit.

[C]allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.

[D]completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.

30.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext?

[A]TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.

[B]Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.

[C]Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.

[D]Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.

英语试题.6.（共14页）

Text3

Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneoftheonlythreeplayersinthe

NationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlast

season,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajor

professionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershave

beenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,

longerframes.

Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:

Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestaller

nowthan140yearsago,today’speople–especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohave

livedintheU.S.formanygenerations–apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly

1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller.“Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,at

thisgenetic,environmentallevel,we’veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango,”says

anthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.Inthecaseof

NBAplayers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommon

practiceofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.

Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscaloriesand

nutrients–notably,protein–tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,

under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealth

improved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightbyaboutan

inchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.Yet

accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,averageheight–5′9″for

men,5′4″forwomen–hasn’treallychangedsince1960.

Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.During

childbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.

Moreover,eventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeetand

backcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeated

strainimposedbyoversizelimbs.“Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythe

geneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism,”saysanthropologistWilliamLeonard

ofNorthwesternUniversity.

Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon’texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.

Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass.,ensures

that90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.She

saysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchanged

forsometime.Andifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesigna

pieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,“youcouldusetoday’sdataand

feelfairlyconfident.”

英语试题.7.（共14页）

31.WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto

[A]illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.

[B]showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S..

[C]comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.

[D]assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.

32.Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtothetext?

[A]Geneticmodification.

[B]Naturalenvironment.

[C]Livingstandards.

[D]Dailyexercise.

33.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

[A]Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation.

[B]Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture.

[C]Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld.

[D]Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood.

34.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfuture

[A]thegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniformsize.

[B]thedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremainunchanged.

[C]genetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingsportsmen.

[D]theexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeapplicable.

35.Thetextintendstotellusthat

[A]thechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern.

[B]humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable.

[C]Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit.

[D]thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered.

英语试题.8.（共14页）

Text4

In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,George

Washington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteeth

intohisjaw–havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.

That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeople

rememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocus

ontheroleslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.Theyhavebeen

spurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainly

provedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.

Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.

Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searly

leadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyargue

thatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong–andyetmostdidlittle

tofightit.

Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehamperedbythe

cultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistastefor

slavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockof

thecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.

Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaves

was“likehavingalargebankaccount,”saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:

GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.Thesouthernstates

wouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiar

institution,”includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanfor

purposesofcongressionalrepresentation.

Andthestatesmen’spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformula

handedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflating

thevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,Jefferson

extendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto

13states,includingthreeslavestates.

Still,JeffersonfreedHemings’schildren–thoughnotHemingsherselforhis

approximately150otherslaves.Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmen

werecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringthe

RevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslaves

theirfreedominhiswill.Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequired

legislativeapprovalinVirginia.

英语试题.9.（共14页）

36.GeorgeWashington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedto

[A]showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthepast.

[B]demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays.

[C]stresstheroleofslavesintheU.S.history.

[D]revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife.

37.Wemayinferfromthesecondparagraphthat

[A]DNAtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtohistoryresearch.

[B]initsearlydaystheU.S.wasconfrontedwithdelicatesituations.

[C]historiansdeliberatelymadeupsomestoriesofJefferson’slife.

[D]politicalcompromisesareeasilyfoundthroughouttheU.S.history.

38.WhatdowelearnaboutThomasJefferson?

[A]Hispoliticalviewchangedhisattitudetowardsslavery.

[B]Hisstatusasafathermadehimfreethechildslaves.

[C]Hisattitudetowardsslaverywascomplex.

[D]Hisaffairwithaslavestainedhisprestige.

39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]SomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromslavery.

[B]Slavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttovote.

[C]Slavesownersusuallyhadlargesavingsaccounts.

[D]Slaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.

40.Washington’sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis

[A]moralconsiderations.

[B]militaryexperience.

[C]financialconditions.

[D]politicalstand.

英语试题.10.（共14页）

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesegmentshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.

Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Markyouranswers

onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Thetimeforsharpeningpencils,arrangingyourdesk,anddoingalmostanything

elseinsteadofwritinghasended.Thefirstdraftwillappearonthepageonlyifyou

stopavoidingtheinevitableandsit,standup,orliedowntowrite.

(41)

Beflexible.Youroutlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepointtothenext,

butdonotpermitittorailroadyou.Ifarelevantandimportantideaoccurstoyounow,

workitintothedraft.(42)Grammar,punctuation,

andspellingcanwaituntilyourevise.Concentrateonwhatyouaresaying.Good

writingmostoftenoccurswhenyouareinhotpursuitofanidearatherthanina

nervoussearchforerrors.

(43)Yourpageswillbeeasiertokeeptrackofthatway,

and,ifyouhavetoclipaparagraphtoplaceitelsewhere,youwillnotloseany

writingontheotherside.

Ifyouareworkingonawordprocessor,youcantakeadvantageofitscapacity

tomakeadditionsanddeletionsaswellasmoveentireparagraphsbymakingjusta

fewsimplekeyboardcommands.Somesoftwareprogramscanalsocheckspelling

andcertaingrammaticalelementsinyourwriting.(44)These

printoutsarealsoeasiertoreadthanthescreenwhenyouworkonrevisions.

Onceyouhaveafirstdraftonpaper,youcandeletematerialthatisunrelatedto

yourthesisandaddmaterialnecessarytoillustrateyourpointsandmakeyourpaper

convincing.Thestudentwhowrote“TheA&PasaStateofMind”wiselydroppeda

paragraphthatquestionedwhetherSammydisplayschauvinisticattitudestoward

women.(45)

Rememberthatyourinitialdraftisonlythat.Youshouldgothroughthepaper

manytimes–andthenagain–workingtosubstantiateandclarifyyourideas.You

mayevenendupwithseveralentireversionsofthepaper.Rewrite.Thesentences

withineachparagraphshouldberelatedtoasingletopic.Transitionsshouldconnect

oneparagraphtothenextsothattherearenoabruptorconfusingshifts.Awkwardor

wordyphrasingorunclearsentencesandparagraphsshouldbemercilesslypokedand

proddedintoshape.

英语试题.11.（共14页）

[A]Tomakerevisingeasier,leavewidemarginsandextraspacebetweenlinesso

thatyoucaneasilyaddwords,sentences,andcorrections.Writeononlyone

sideofthepaper.

[B]Afteryouhaveclearlyandadequatelydevelopedthebodyofyourpaper,pay

particularattentiontotheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphs.It’s

probablybesttowritetheintroductionlast,afteryouknowpreciselywhatyou

areintroducing.Concludingparagraphsdemandequalattentionbecausethey

leavethereaderwithafinalimpression.

[C]It’sworthremembering,however,thatthoughacleancopyfreshoffaprinter

maylookterrific,itwillreadonlyaswellasthethinkingandwritingthathave

goneintoit.Manywritersprudentlystoretheirdataondisksandprinttheir

pageseachtimetheyfinishadrafttoavoidlosinganymaterialbecauseof

powerfailuresorotherproblems.

[D]Itmakesnodifferencehowyouwrite,justsoyoudo.Nowthatyouhave

developedatopicintoatentativethesis,youcanassembleyournotesand

begintofleshoutwhateveroutlineyouhavemade.

[E]Althoughthisisaninterestingissue,ithasnothingtodowiththethesis,which

explainshowthesettinginfluencesSammy’sdecisiontoquithisjob.Instead

ofincludingthatparagraph,sheaddedonethatdescribedLengel’scrabbed

responsetothegirlssothatshecouldleaduptotheA&P“policy”he

enforces.

[F]Inthefinalparagraphaboutthesignificanceofthesettingin“A&P,”the

studentbringstogetherthereasonsSammyquithisjobbyreferringtohis

refusaltoacceptLengel’sstorepolicies.

[G]Byusingthefirstdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosay,

youwillverylikelydiscovermorethanyournotesoriginallysuggested.Plentyof

goodwritersdon’tuseoutlinesatallbutdiscoverorderingprinciplesasthey

write.Donotattempttocomposeaperfectlycorrectdraftthefirsttimearound.

英语试题.12.（共14页）

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

Inhisautobiography,Darwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswith

extraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyin

expressinghimselfclearlyandconcisely,but(46)hebelievesthatthisverydifficulty

mayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentl