2026版创新设计高考总复习英语(外研版)教师用-第二讲　应用文写作满分攻略

第二讲应用文写作满分攻略无论是应用文写作还是读后续写,都应具备两个共同点:①语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性;②上下文的连贯性。为了写出高分作文,应恰当使用高级词汇、句式和过渡衔接词汇。满分攻略一词汇高级——吸引阅卷老师的眼球大众化的词汇、平庸的表达已使长时间工作的阅卷老师产生了视觉疲劳,写作时恰当得体地使用高中学过的,别人可能想不到的高级词汇,会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉,从而提高文章的得分档次。技法一少笼统,多具体所谓“少笼统,多具体”是指在写作中尽量避免使用意义宽泛、模糊的词,而要根据语境使用具体生动的词。笼统词具体词veryextremely极其;especially尤其;particularly特别;尤其;greatly非常;大大地;highly非常;badly非常;terribly非常;morethan非常happydelighted快乐的;cheerful快乐的;joyful快乐的;pleased高兴的;enjoyable令人愉悦的①Bernardandhisparentswereextremelygrateful.AndtheMeredithfamilyalsofeltdelightedtohelpthisfamily.伯纳德和他的父母非常感激。梅瑞狄斯一家也很高兴能帮助这个家庭。笼统词具体词importantvital至关重要的;significant意义重大的;essential必不可少的;key关键的;fundamental根本的;primary首要的;crucial至关重要的②Throughtheactivity,werealizeworkingwithourownhandsissignificant.通过这次活动,我们意识到用我们自己的双手劳动具有重要意义。笼统词具体词beautifulattractive有吸引力的;appealing有吸引力的;elegant优美的;charming迷人的③Thefarmissituatedatthefootofamountain,wheretheskyisblueandtheairisfresh.Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheattractivescenery.农场坐落在山脚下,那里的天空碧蓝,空气清新。迷人的景色给我们留下了深刻的印象。笼统词具体词difficult/hardtough艰难的;棘手的;challenging具有挑战性的;complex复杂的;难以理解的;puzzling/confusing令人困惑的;complicated复杂的④However,theadaptionisquitechallenging.然而改编非常具有挑战性。笼统词具体词like/enjoy/lovecherish/treasure珍视;珍爱;bekeenon对……着迷;becrazyabout热衷于;befondof/haveatastefor/haveapassion/goinfor喜爱;showgreatinterestin对……很感兴趣⑤ChinahasalwaysbeenanattractionforthosewhoarekeenonChineseculture.对于那些热衷于中国文化的人来说,中国一直具有吸引力。技法二短语优先恰当地选用一些贴切、地道的高级表达,尤其是短语,对提高写作的得分档次至关重要。所以考生不妨考虑在文章中使用较高级的表达,充分展现自己的语言功底。①Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldconsidermysuggestion.(2023·新课标Ⅰ,Ⅱ卷)→Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemysuggestionintoaccount/consideration.②Andeventually,wecanmasterwhatwedesiretolearn.(2021·全国乙卷)→Andeventually,wecanhaveagoodcommandofwhatwedesiretolearn.③Firstly,randomlypairingupstudentsmaycauseimbalancedlanguageabilitieswithinthegroups.(2023·新课标Ⅰ,Ⅱ卷)→Firstly,randomlypairingupstudentsmayleadto/resultinimbalancedlanguageabilitieswithinthegroups.技法三避免重复写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语,要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的词汇水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异,也是词汇高级表达的体现。ManyinfluentialhistoricalfigureshaveappearedinChina’slonghistory,eachofwhommadegreatcontributionstotheprogressofsocietyintheirownway.(2023·全国甲卷)→NumerousinfluentialhistoricalfigureshaveemergedinChina’slonghistory,eachofwhommadetremendouscontributionstotheprogressofsocietyintheirownway.即时演练用高级词汇替换黑体词汇1.I’dliketosharewithyousomedetailsabout(regarding/concerning/relatedto)Chinesetablemanners.

2.I’mwritingtotell(inform)youthatwewillhaveavolleyballmatchnextmonth.3.Ifofferedthechance(opportunity)tobeavolunteer,Iwilldoitwellandliveuptoyourexpectations.4.Therewillbemany(various/avarietyof/varietiesof/alargenumberof)good(fantastic)performancesgivenbytalentedstudents.

5.Besides(Additionally/Moreover/Furthermore/Inaddition),you’dbetterbringsomemeaningfulgifts,suchasabunchofflowersorsomefreshfruits.

6.Remember(Bearinmind/Keepinmind)thatyoushouldavoidgettinghurtduringthetrainingandkeepabalanceddiet.

7.Imaster(haveagoodcommandof)spokenEnglish,thusmakingiteasyformetocommunicatewithvisitors.

8.Throughtheactivity,Irealize(amaware/cometorealize)thatweshould(aresupposedto)value(attachgreatimportanceto)hardworking.

满分攻略二句式靓丽——加深阅卷老师的印象适当运用含有较高级语法结构的句式,比如各类从句、非谓语动词,强调句、倒装句、省略句等。这些结构的适当运用可以使文章语言丰富、可读性强。技法一巧用三大从句,丰富句式1.实用“定”语,先声夺人——定语从句关系代词who、whom、whose、that、which、as引导的定语从句是写作的一大亮点,尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高分范文中更是屡见不鲜。关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句和“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句更能让阅卷老师眼前一亮。①Suchismyfather,agreatmanwhosetsagoodexampleformeandIlovehimagreatdeal.这就是我的父亲,一个伟大的人,为我树立了一个好榜样,我非常爱他。②TheInternetgivesmetheopportunitytocommunicateinreal-timewithnativespeakersusingvideocallingandonlineforums,whichimprovesmyspokenandwrittenEnglish.互联网让我有机会通过视频通话和在线论坛与以英语为母语的人实时交流,提高了我的英语口语和写作能力。③ThebookonwhichIspentalotofmoneyisveryinteresting.我花了很多钱买的那本书非常有趣。2.四大“名”句,内涵丰富——名词性从句名词性从句是写作中常用的高级表达,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。①IwaswonderingifyoucouldguideustopolishashortplayadaptedfromourEnglishtextbook.(宾语从句)我想知道你是否可以指导我们润色改编自我们英语课本的一个短剧。②Throughtheactivity,whatIfeltisthatIamabletoshouldertheresponsibilityandI’llbecomestrongerandmoredetermined.(主语从句+表语从句)通过这次活动,我感到我能够承担起责任,我会变得更加坚强,更加坚定。③Thefactthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyearshasworriedmanyscientists.(同位语从句)这些年来地球逐渐变暖的事实,使许多科学家感到担忧。3.巧用“状”语,文采斐然——状语从句状语从句主要包括时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、比较、方式、目的和结果九类从句。①ThoughMsLihasbeenteachingEnglishfortwentyyears,sheisstillpassionateaboutteaching.虽然李老师已经教了20年英语,但她仍然热爱教学。②Hewassodelightedthathecouldhardlyspeak,buthisbrightsmilingfacespokeforhim.他高兴得几乎说不出话来,但他那灿烂的笑脸说明了一切。技法二活用非谓语,言简意赅写作时,可以利用非谓语动词对简单句进行整合,使其成为高级表达,其中with复合结构,分词或不定式作状语是利用频率较高的高级句式。①Wearingthickprotectivesuits,heheadedforthewards,leavingathinbuttallfigurebehind.他穿着厚厚的防护服朝病房走去,留下一个瘦高的背影。②Organizedbythestudentunion,agroupofvolunteerswenttoHopeFarmtohelpthefarmerspickpeacheslastweekend.上周末,由学生会组织的一群志愿者去希望农场帮助农民摘桃子。③Withthecollegeentranceexaminationapproaching,weareoccupiedinmakingfinalpreparations.随着高考的临近,我们正忙于做最后的准备工作。技法三一点“特殊”,彰显水平1.灵活机动的“it”it在句中可以作形式主语、形式宾语和构成一些特殊固定的句式。①Itis+adj.+(for/ofsb)todosth/that从句(对于某人来说)做某事是怎么样的ItisnotuncommonthatstudentsmakemistakeswhenspeakingEnglish.学生在说英语时犯错误并不罕见。②Itbe+anhonour+(forsb)todosth/Itbeone’shonour+todosth做某事对于某人来说是个荣幸。ItisagreathonourformetodeliveraspeechtosharewithyoumyopinionsonPekingOpera.我很荣幸能发表演讲,与大家分享我对京剧的看法。③Itbe+过去分词(said、thought、believed、supposed、reported、recommended...)+that从句据……Itissaidthathehastraveledtomorethan50countries.据说他去过50多个国家。Itisstronglyrecommendedthattheschoolshouldgivestudentsmorefreetimetotakepartinsportsactivities.强烈建议学校给学生们更多的自由时间来参加体育活动。④Sb+谓语(think、find、feel等)+it+adj.+(forsb/sth)todosth/that从句某人认为/发现/觉得……做某事是怎么样的Ifounditusefultovisittheexhibitionofthestudents’Chinesepainting.我觉得去参观这次学生国画展览很有用。⑤Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...毋庸置疑……Itgoeswithoutsayingthatoceansplayacriticalroleintheworld.(2022·全国甲卷)毋庸置疑,海洋在世界上发挥着至关重要的作用。⑥Itoccurredto/hit/strucksbthat某人突然想到SuddenlyitoccurredtomethatIcouldhaveanonlinediscussionwithmyclassmatesonself-discipline.突然我想到,我可以和同学们在线讨论自律。2.重点突出的强调句①强调句型可强调除谓语动词和表语外的其他任何成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。其基本结构为:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。Itwasatthattimethattheirmotherwentouttobuythepaperbagstheyneeded.就在那个时候,他们的妈妈出去买他们需要的纸袋。Itiswewhowillmakethedecision.将由我们来做决定。②助动词do表强调Wedohopethatourschoolwillcarryoutmoresimilaractivitiesinthefuture.我们确实希望我们学校将来能开展更多类似的活动。Wedoappreciateyourhelp.我们确实非常感激你的帮助。3.平衡句子的倒装句在写作中,倒装句型应用比较广泛,涉及的句型主要包括部分倒装和全部倒装。①部分倒装1:So+adj./adv.+be动词/助动词+主语...that...如此……以至于……Duringtheexam,sonervouswasIthatmymindwentblank.考试中我如此紧张以至于大脑一片空白。Intherace,soquicklydidherunthatnoonecouldcatchupwithhim.在比赛中,他跑得太快了,没有人能赶上他。②部分倒装2:n./adj./adv.+as/though+主语+谓语,主句“尽管/虽然……”Windyas/thoughitwasthatmorning,athletestriedtheirstrengthallthewaytothefinishingline.尽管那天早上风很大,运动员们还是竭尽全力冲向终点。③部分倒装3:Only+状语/状语从句+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+其他“只有……”Onlybydaringtotrycanwemakeabreakthrough.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)只有敢于尝试,我们才能取得突破。IencouragedDavidwhowasataloss,“Dokeepinmindthatonlybypossessingagoodstateofmindcanyouattainsuccess.”(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)我鼓励不知所措的大卫:“务必记住只有拥有良好的心态你才能获得成功。”④部分倒装4:Notuntil+状语/状语从句+助动词+主语...Notuntilhehadfailedinthejobinterviewdidherealizehowimportantconfidencewas.直到他面试失败,他才意识到自信是多么重要。⑤部分倒装5:Hardlyhadsbdone...when.../Nosoonerhadsbdone...than...一……就……Nosoonerhadherealizedhismistakethanheapologizedtohisfriend.他一意识到自己的错误就向朋友道歉。⑥全部倒装1:Here/There/Out/In/Up/Down/Away/Now/Then...+谓语(表示运动的不及物动词)+主语Followingtheroar,outrushedatigerfromamongthebushes.一声吼叫,呼地从丛林中窜出一只老虎。⑦全部倒装2:介词短语+谓语(不及物动词,如lie、stand、sit、exist、stretch、come)或系动词be+主语(名词)Inthedoorwaystoodamanwithahammer.门口站着一个拿锤子的人。⑧全部倒装3:分词短语+be+主语(名词)Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedabout17.躺在地板上的是一个约17岁的男孩。4.省略句式,简约不简单状语从句的省略形式是写作中最为常用的高级句式,结构为when、while、once、if、unless、though、although等+doing/done/todosth。①Thoughtiredandexhausted,theathletesallregardedthiscompetitionasagoodopportunitytobuilduptheirstrength.虽然很累,运动员们都认为这次比赛是强身健体的好机会。②Bathedinsunshine,wesangandlaughedwhilepickingapples.沐浴在阳光下,我们一边欢歌笑语一边摘着苹果。5.适时感叹,必要强调在文章结尾处恰当使用感叹句,可以起到画龙点睛的作用,韵味无穷。①Whatawonderfultimewehadpickingapplesonthefarm!我们在农场摘苹果的时光多么美好啊!②HowhappyIwastobeoneofthemembersinthiswarmfamily!Thisisoneofthemosttreasuredmomentsinmymemory.成为这个温暖大家庭的一员,我是多么高兴啊!这是我记忆中最珍贵的时刻之一。6.“虚拟被动”,委婉地道虚拟语气和被动句式可以使语气委婉,表达地道,在写作中要善于利用。①Butforhisencouragement,Icouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.要不是他的鼓励,我不会取得这么大的进步。②Assoonaswefinishedthesong,alltheaudiencegaveuswarmapplause.Ifonlyyouhadbeenthere!我们一唱完歌,所有的观众都给了我们热烈的掌声。要是你当时在那里就好了!③Shealwaystriesnewwaystomakeherclasseslivelyandinteresting,whichisappreciatedbyallofus.她总是尝试新的方法使她的课生动有趣,这是值得我们所有人赞赏的。技法四无灵主语优化表达所谓的无灵主语句,即用无生命的事物作主语来展开句子,吸引阅卷老师。1.表示时间、地点等的名词作主语的句子。这类无灵主语句常用see、find、witness等动词作谓语,往往带有比喻或拟人的修辞手法。LastSundaywitnessedanextraordinarycross-countryrunningrace,whichdrewtheattentionofeverystudentandteacherofourschool.上周日,我们学校举行了一场非同寻常的越野赛跑,它吸引了我们学校每位学生和老师。2.表示生理、心理状态的名词作主语的句子。此类句子仿佛为表达增加了血肉,注入了活力,使写作瞬间变得丰满起来。①Griefandsorrowhitmelikeaboltfromtheblue.悲痛如晴天霹雳一般击中了我。②Gradually,astrongpassiontohelpothersdeeplyrootedinmyheart.渐渐地,一种想要帮助他人的强烈的愿望深植我的心间。技法五名言谚语增分提档利用高级句式并引用名言谚语会增加亮点。1.Asanoldsayinggoes...俗话说……Asanoldsayinggoes,wherethereisawill,thereisaway.正如谚语所说,有志者事竟成。2.Aseveryoneknows/Asisknown/Itiswellknownthat众所周知Asisknown,theEarthrevolvesaroundtheSun.众所周知,地球绕着太阳转。即时演练根据汉语提示,用靓丽句式补全习作假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你校于6月8日举办了成人礼活动,你的英国朋友Chris很想了解该活动。请你于当晚给Chris回一封电子邮件,介绍相关情况,内容包括:1.成人礼活动内容(成长点滴回顾、观看我们参加过的活动录像等);2.对活动的感受;3.对自己未来的展望。DearChris,I’msogladtohearfromyou.①Asforthecoming-of-ageceremonyheldonJune8th(至于即将到来的6月8日举行的成人礼;非谓语动词作定语),I’dliketosharesomedetails.Firstly,theheadmastercongratulatedusonsteppingintotheadulthood,andlookedbackon②whatwehadgonethroughduringthepastthreeyears(我们在过去的三年中所经历的一切;宾语从句).Afterthat,wewatchedvideosabouttheactivities③thatwehadtakenpartin(我们参加过的,定语从句).Excitementandadmirationwelledupwithinme.④Itisthecoming-of-ageceremonythatmarkssayinggoodbyetothepastandexpectationsoftheunknownfuture(就是这个成人礼标志着告别过去和期待未知的未来;强调句型).⑤WhatIshoulddoisbear/shoulderresponsibilityasanadultandstriveformydreampersistentlywhateverchallengesImayface(我应该做的是承担作为一个成年人的责任,为我的梦想不懈地努力,无论我遇到什么挑战;主语从句+让步状语从句).

Yours,LiJin满分攻略三衔接过渡——完美成篇秀佳作高考作文如果缺乏衔接过渡,就好比一串珍珠项链断了线,每个词句虽光彩夺目,拿出来却七零八落,缺乏连贯性。要想成就美文,不仅需要高级词汇,还需“穿珠之线”,这个“线”就是衔接过渡。1.段落起始过渡过渡词firstofall;inthefirstplace;tobegin/startwith;firstly;generally(speaking)从句asweknow;asisknowntous;asisshownin...;asisoftenthecase;asa/thesayinggoes①Generallyspeaking,themoreyoupractice,themoreskillfullyyoucanwriteinEnglish.一般来说,你练习得越多,你的英语写作就越娴熟。②Asthesayinggoes,“Twoheadsarebetterthanone.”Asaresult,teamworkisofvitalimportance.正如谚语所说:“三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。”鉴于此,团队合作极其重要。2.时间顺序表“现在;最近”nowadays/now;atpresent;currently;recently表“首先,第一”first/firstly;tobegin/startwith;inthefirstplace/firstofall表“后来,不久,然后”after;afterwards/lateron;afterthat;afterawhile;beforelong;shortlyafter;since表“在此期间,同时”meanwhile/meantime;inthemeantime;atthesametime;while表“最后”finally/lastly;intheend/eventually/atlast①Intheend,IsincerelyhopethatyoucanshareyourexperienceoflearningEnglishontheInternet.最后,我真诚地希望你能分享你在网上学习英语的经验。②Tobeginwith,IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIcancommunicatewithvisitorswithoutdifficulty.首先,我的英语很好,我可以毫不费力地与来访者交流。③Atthisverymoment,myparentscamebackandwerequitesurprisedtoseealltheroomstidyandfloorsshining.就在这时,我的父母回来了,他们非常惊讶地看到所有房间都很整洁,地板闪闪发亮。3.空间顺序ononeside...ontheotherside...;ontheoppositeside;infrontof;inthecenterof;inthedistance;inthemiddleof;atthebackof;on/totheleft/right;closeto;nextto;nearby;beyondDownthemiddleofthevalleyrunsaclear,faststreaminwhichonemayfish.Inthelowlandalongthestreamarethefarmlands;beyondthemisthegrassland.Behindthetopsofthefirsthillsarethebigmountains.一条清澈湍急的溪流沿着山谷的中部流淌着,人们可以在溪中钓鱼。沿溪而下,低地处是农田;越过农田是草原。第一层丘陵后是一座座大山。4.递进关系besides/moreover/furthermore/what’smore/inaddition/additionally/also;notonly...butalso...;apartfrom/aswellas...;moreimportantly;equallyimportant;lastbutnotleast;worsestill/what’sworse/tomakemattersworse①NotonlywouldIbeabletoexperiencefruitpicking,butIcouldalsofeastonthesweetness!我不仅可以体验采摘水果的过程,还可以品尝到香甜的水果!②Moreimportantly,Iamwillingtohelpothers,soIwouldliketobeavolunteerinmysparetime.更重要的是,我愿意帮助他人,所以我想在业余时间当一名志愿者。③ThecarbrokedownwhenIwasdrivinghomefromwork,andwhatwasworse,itwaspouringwithrain.下班回家的路上我的汽车坏了,更糟糕的是,天还下着大雨。5.转折关系并列连词/副词however;but;yet;otherwise;instead;unfortunately介词(短语)despite/inspiteof/regardlessof;ratherthan;insteadof;ontheotherhand从属连词although/though/as/while;evenif/though;nomatterwh-/how①Doyourworkeveryday;otherwise,itwillpileup.今日事,今日毕;否则,事情会堆积如山。②Although/ThoughIcanenjoymorefreedom,Irealizethatbeingagrown-upmeansmoreresponsibilities.虽然我可以享受更多的自由,但是我认识到作为成年人意味着更多的责任。6.比较和对比比较inthesameway;justas;similarly;equally对比onthecontrary;comparedwith/to;incomparisonwith;incontrast(to);instead;while;unlike;however;yet①Foronething,theoveralldevelopmentoverthepastdecadeshasbeensostrikingthattheyfeeleagertofamiliarizethemselveswithwhatisgoingoninChina.Foranother,Chinaenjoysalonghistoryandrichculture.其一,过去几十年的整体发展是如此引人注目,以至于他们渴望了解中国正在发生的事情。其二,中国历史悠久而且文化丰富。②Asweallknow,friendshipalwayscomesfirst.However,weshouldstillmakegoodpreparationsforthematch,andtryourbesttobethewinner.众所周知,友谊永远是第一位的。然而,我们仍然应该为比赛做好准备,尽我们的最大努力赢得比赛。7.因果关系(1)让“因为”变得不简单介词短语asaresultof;asaconsequenceof;dueto;becauseof;owingto;onaccountof;thanksto连词since;for;as;nowthat;inthat;considering常用句式①owing/duetothefactthat...;②thatisbecause...;③whichresultsfrom/accountsfor/makesfor...;④thereasonwhy...①BecauseofmyfamiliaritywithChinesepaintingculture,IcanenablevisitorstoknowmoreaboutChinesepainting.因为我熟悉中国绘画文化,我可以让游客更多地了解中国画。②DuetothefactthatBernardwashonestandhardworking,hissmallbusinesstookoff.由于伯纳德诚实勤劳,他的小生意兴隆起来。(2)让“结果”不落俗套副词(短语)thus;therefore;consequently;asaresult;asaconsequence非谓语endupdoing;only/nevertodo从句whichresultsin/leadsto/contributesto;asaresult/consequenceofwhich①Therefore,inmymindmyfatheristhepersonIrespectmostandIlovehimdeeply.因此,在我心目中,父亲是我最尊敬的人,我深深地爱着他。②Ieagerlyunpackedthepackage,onlytofindabrokenbookinit.我急切地打开包裹,却发现里面有一本破书。③Whenfacingtrouble,hecouldn’tkeepcalm,whichresultsinhisconstantfailures.面对困境时,他不能保持镇定,这导致他不断失败。8.解释和举例解释说明infact;inthiscase;asamatteroffact;actually;toputitdifferently举例forexample;forinstance;suchasToputitdifferently,Iwilltrymybesttoachievemygoal.换言之,我会尽最大的努力实现我的目标