北京四中高考英语二轮复习资源专题14阅读理解（教师版）

专题十四专题十四阅读阅读理解考向预测考向预测预测一高考阅读理解所选材料通常都是国外网站上的地道的英语文章，然后经过命题专家整合、改编而成。文章主要介绍国内外的文化风俗、历史名胜、人文地理、著名人物等。预测二文章的篇幅较短，词数多为280～330，兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，要求考生充分利用所给信息，回答文章提出的问题。通常文章难度不大，关键是考查考生高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。但是题目并不容易，很容易出错。全国卷的命题逐渐向地方自主命题卷，尤其是新课标地区的试卷看齐，不断增加词汇量和文章长度，向新课标过渡。预测三题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。这种命题特点要求考生更好地了解文章中的有用信息，提高阅读速度。考点考点定位和答题技巧高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。考点1主旨大意题1.主旨大意题常分为两类：(1)选出文章最佳标题；(2)概括文章或段落大意。2.主旨大意题主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。研读近几年高考阅读理解，可以发现对主旨大意类的考查占有相当重要的地位。【答题技巧】主旨大意题的三种思路：①寻找主题句，确定文章大意。在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(或在开头结尾同时出现首尾呼应的主题句)，因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法，即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜索主题信息。②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心句的基础上。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔的“重心”，考虑文章的材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么，分析故事情节围绕什么发展，最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。③抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，继而概括出段落的主题，推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。考点2细节理解题1.此类题型一般分两种情况；直接事实题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常见的类型有对号入座题、是非判断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等)以及间接事实题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。2.细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些问题，考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案，但有些则需要在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。【答题技巧】做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。细节理解题的三个步骤：①浏览全文，了解信息。快速通读全文，大致了解不同信息间的差异，为解决问题做好信息储备。②抓关键词，快速寻读。根据题目要求，从题干中抓住关键性词语，以此为线索，通过略读和寻读的方法快速而准确地在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息，找到后仔细阅读，反复品味，认真比较选项和文中细节，在准确理解该细节的前提下，排除干扰项，从而确定答案。③回读信息，验证答案。确定答案后，必须回读原文，再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。总之，对于细节理解题，我们要恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。考点3词义猜测题1．词义猜测题的常见形式：(1)直接对某个陌生的词汇进行理解；(2)对文中的某个代词确认指代的对象；(3)对多义词或短语进行文中含义的精确定义；(4)对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接的或解释性的描述。2．词义猜测题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解和处理生词的能力，它包括对词、词组和句意的理解。词义猜测不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面。【答题技巧】词义猜测题的三大突破1．根据定义猜测词义。如果生词由定语从句、同位语(同位语前常有or，similarly，thatistosay，inratherwords，namely，orrather，say等)或同位语从句来定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号中的内容加以解释，理解这些定义或解释就是在理解词义。2．根据对比、比较关系猜测词义。在一个句子或段落中如有对两个事物或两种现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词语主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，inspiteof，incontrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构有：while引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词语主要有：similarly，like，justas，also，aswellas等。3．通过构词法猜测词义。生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部分，词性的变化都可以暗示出词义。注意①不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思；②不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。考点4推理判断题1．推理判断题的考查形式通常为：推断隐含含义；推断作者的观点和态度；推断写作目的和意图；推断文章的出处；推断文章中人物的性格态度等。2．推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。【答题技巧】推理判断题的五大技巧：1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段话中的关键信息，如关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断。做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断，确定最佳结论。3．利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好这一点，就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。4．根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。5．根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。考点5篇章结构题解答此类题目首先要了解文章结构，从段落组织方式上看，有三种形式：总分式结构(总→分→总；总→分；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式是一正一反)。要想准确深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握文章的脉搏，特别是把握段与段之间的逻辑关系，然后分析作者采用了什么论证手段证明主题，从而正确解答试题。近几年还有些试题考查全文或某一段落是以什么样的形式展开论述的，一般来说有的按事情发展的顺序，有的按时间的先后顺序，有的按人物的活动内容，还有的按地点或空间的位置变换，阅读时要特别注意。（（60分钟）限时训练A【2017·新课标IIIB篇】MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater’s75yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding’send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithtearyeyedaudiencewantingtosaygoodbetotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatopete.Headdedthatthetheater’slocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.ThetheateraudiencesaidgoodbyasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhasshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.24.Inwhatwaywasyesterday’scleanupatthePlazaspecial?A.Itmaderoomfornewequipment.B.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.C.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.D.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.25.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?A.Itwasanalltimeclassic. B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C.Theaudiencerequestedit. D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.26.Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?A.Itwillberepaired. B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C.Itwillbeknockeddown. D.Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.27.Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford. B.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C.Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials. D.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.【答案】24.B25.D25.D26.C【解题思路】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争，而面临着不得不关门，转手出售的故事。24．B细节理解题。根据首段第三、四句可知，这次散场后的清理工作与之前不同的是工人不仅清理走垃圾，而且还挪走了座椅和其他剧院的设备，为了剧院的转卖和拆迁。25.D推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，剧院老板选择这部戏剧的原因是因为这部剧本身讲述的就是小镇上唯一的电影院准备关门停业的故事，恰好能反映出thePlazaTheater的现状。26.C细节理解题。根据第四段末句“whichplanstobuildashoppingplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.”可以推断这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个现代的购物中心。27.B推理判断题。根据第二段中“mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithtearyeyedaudiencewantingtosaygoodbyetotheoldbuilding.”可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉B【2017·北京卷A篇】ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm,EighthgraderTaylorBisbeeshivered(发抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn’tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground,“Paris’seyerolledback,”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirstnoonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”CPRisalifesavingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson’schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygenthebrainisdamagingquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR,“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevices(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris’heartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky,”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.B.Sherecoveredfromshock.C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.Cooperativeandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandprofessional.【答案】56.B57.C58.B【解题思路】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了垒球队一名女孩Paris在打球的过程中突发心力衰竭，队友Taylor紧急对Paris进行了心肺复苏，送往医院后她恢复了心跳的故事，旨在说明面临心力衰竭时，保持冷静并进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。56．根据第三段第一行，“Itcertainlywas。Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure。”可知，Paris突发心脏病，故B项正确。57.根据第五段第二行“TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR”以及第六段整段中队友的协助，得到了及时CPR救助的Paris“heartbeatreturned”，所以Paris说自己非常的幸运。倒数第二段，“ExpertssayParisisright.Forasuddenfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly”，专家的话也印证了Paris获得了及时的救助，故选C。58．根据第五段第二行“Butwhennooneelsecameforward，TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR。”说明Taylor非常的勇敢，在没有人出来帮忙以及自己对自己不那么自信的情况下，她还是跑去救助了Paris。由第五段第三行Taylor的话“Itwasscary。Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath。”以及第六段首句“Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown。”可知，Taylor是一个勇敢并且冷静的女孩，面对这种情况，她没有慌乱，用自己学习到的急救知识迅速行动并用自己的举动感染了队友，使她们镇静下来帮忙救助，故B项正确。C【2017·天津卷B篇】Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowstolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉)andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存).Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothers’space.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareamondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.41.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?A.Hercamerastoppedworking.B.Awomanblockedherview.C.SomeoneaskedhertoleaveD.Afriendapproachedfrombehind.42.Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably_______.A.enjoyingherselfB.losingherpatienceC.waitingforthesunsetD.thinkingaboutherpast43.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?A.Therichcolorofthelandscape.B.Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.C.Thewoman’sexistenceinthephoto.D.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.44.Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand________.A.theneedtobeclosetonatureB.theimportanceofprivatespaceC.thejoyofthevacationinItalyD.thesharedpassionforbeauty45.Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor’sreflectionsupon_______.A.aparticularlifeexperienceB.thepleasureoftravelingC.theartofphotographyD.alostfriendship【答案】41.B42.A43.C44.D45.A【解题思路】本文属于说明文。作者通过讲述作者在无奈的情况下拍摄的一张被一位女士干扰的照片的故事，向读者描述了这样的照片反而显得更生动，我们应该懂得共享美丽，理解分享美丽的重要性。41.B细节理解题。根据第二段句子Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.可知，当作者要拍照时，一位女士挡住了她的视线。故选B。42.A根据第三段的句子Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.她好像那么的满足于她的观察（欣赏风景），即在作者看来，那个妇女很可能很愉快。故选A。43.C根据第四段的句子Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowstolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit可以判断出作者认为是因为照片中有了这个妇女的存在使这张照片有了活力和生机。故选C。44.D根据倒数第二段中Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,可以判断出：挂在卧室墙上的照片使作者更好的理解了人们共有的欣赏追求美的激情。故选D。45.A通读全文可知，前四段讲述这次印度旅行的特殊经历，后三段讲述这次特殊经历带给作者的感悟，所以这篇文章可以看做是作者对于一次特殊经历的深入思考。故选A。D(重点中学九校联盟2018届高三上学期第一次联考)Yahoo’ssheersize,popularity,andreputationfornothavingsecuritypracticesasexcellentasitspetitorsmayhavemadetheInternetpanyanidealtargetforRussianspies,accordingtoexperts.“Attheveryleast,Yahooisagoodtargetformonitoringandintelligencepurposes–trackingapersonofinterest,seeingwhomtheyaremunicatingwith,whatabout,andsoon,”saidJeremiahGrossman,chiefofsecurityatSentinelOne.GrossmanworkedonYahoo’ssecurityteamfrom1999to2001.TheJusticeDepartmentannouncedchargesWednesdayagainsttwoRussianspiesandtwohackersbehindthe2014theftofdataconnectedtohalfabillionYahooaccounts,whichofficialscalledoneofthelargestknowndataleaksinAmericanhistory.It’sunclearfromtheJusticeDepartmentreleasewhatthesuspectscollectedfromaccessingYahooaccounts;however,officialsnotedthat“somevictimaccountswereofpredictableinterest”toRussia’sfederalsecurityservice.BillAnderon,CEOofputersecuritypanyOptioLabs,saidthatYahoo’spopularity–plusitstreasureofaccountsthathavesetunusedforyears–putahugebullseyeonthepany.Emailaccountsarethegatewaytoplentyofareasinyourpersonallife–fromyourbankingaccountsandsocialnetworkstofindingoutwhoyourclosestcontactsare,Andersonsaid.Atbest,it’satreasurechestworthafortunetotheintelligencemunity.Atworst,it’satleastworthafewcents.Hackerscanthensellmillionsofaccountstospammers,atafewcentseach,foradecentpayoff,accordingtoexperts.WhileYahoohasmadehugeeffortsinstrengtheningitssecurityinrecentyears,thepanydoesn’thavethesamereputationforbeingonthecuttingedgeofsecurityasGoogle.Manyinformationsecurityexpertshaverespectforthecurrentsecurityteam,butnottheYahoobranditself,Grossmansaid.Thatimagemakeovermaytaketime.12.WhichmaynotbethereasonfortheYahoo’s2014theftofdata?A.Itsgoodreputationforsecurity.B.ItspopularityamongInternetusers.C.Itshugenumbersofaccounts.D.Itspoliticalandmercialvalue.13.Theunderlinedpartinthefourthparagraphmeans?A.broughtgreatprofitstothepanyB.madethepanyaneasytargetC.causedYahootoloselotsofusersD.putthespotlightonthepany14.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.ThecurrentsecurityteamwillbefiredbyYahoo.B.TheRussiangovernmentistoblameinthecase.C.Googletakestheleadinthecybersecurity.D.Yahoowillmakeupfortheusers'losses.15.Whatmayserveasthebesttitle?A.Yahoo,aPerfectTarget?B.JusticeHasLongArmsC.I’sNevertooLatetoMendD.WatchOutforYourAccount【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.A【解题思路】本文讲述了由于雅虎的人气加上其众多的账户财富和其政治经济价值，成了网络被攻击的目标，遭受了巨大损失。12.A推理判断题。根据第一段Yahoo’ssheersize,popularity,andreputationfornothavingsecuritypracticesasexcellentasitspetitorsmayhavemadetheInternetpanyanidealtargetforRussianspies,和第四段thatYahoo’spopularity–plusitstreasureofaccountsthathavesetunusedforyears–putahugebullseyeonthepany.第五段Emailaccountsarethegatewaytoplentyofareasinyourpersonallife–fromyourbankingaccountsandsocialnetworkstofindingoutwhoyourclosestcontactsare可知雅虎账户数据被盗的原因是其受欢迎度，众多的账户和其政治经济价值，而不是其安全方面的好声誉。故选A。13.B句意猜测题。此处指雅虎的人气加上其多年未使用的账户的财富，使公司成了被攻击的靶子，给该公司带来了巨大的影响。划线部分指公司成了被攻击的靶子，与B项madethepanyaneasytarget同义，故选B。14.C推理判断题。根据最后一段WhileYahoohasmadehugeeffortsinstrengtheningitssecurityinrecentyears,thepanydoesn’thavethesamereputationforbeingonthecuttingedgeofsecurityasGoogle.可知谷歌在网络安全方面的声誉比雅虎好，故选C。15.A主旨大意题。本文讲述了由于雅虎的人气加上其众多的账户财富和其政治经济价值，成了网络被攻击的目标，遭受了巨大损失。A项提出了本文问题，概括全文，适合作为文章标题。故选A。E(安徽省江南十校2017届高三3月联考)BobDylanhasownthe2016NobelPrizeinLiterature,announcedSaraDanius,SwedishAcademy’spermanentsecretary,onOct.13,2016inStockholm,Sweden.TheSwedishAcademysaiditchoseDylanforhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition.“Asanartist,heisoutstandinglyallround：hehasbeenanactivepainterandactor，"saidtheofficialstatement.U.S.PresidentBarackObamacongratulatedDylanonTwitter,describinghimasoneofhisfavoritepoets.SingerandsongwriterDylanisrecognizedworldwidefortheinfluencehehashadonmusic.Hebecameasymbolofthe1960scounterculture(反主流文化)buthisvoicehasreachedwidelyintotheAmericanpast.Sinceearlyinhiscareer,Dylanhasexperimentedwiththebinationoftheliteraryandthemusical.DylanhadbeenmentionedintheNobelpredictionforyears,butfewexpertsexpectedtheacademytoextendtheawardtoagenre(体裁）suchaspopmusic.He’sthefirstAmericanwinneroftheNobelLiteraturePrizesinceToniMorrisonin1992.Thechoicewasmetbyalongroundofapplausefromjournalistsattendingtheprizeannouncement.SaraDaniussaidthatwhileDylanperformshispoetryintheformofsongs,that,snodifferentfromtheancientGreeks,whoseworkswereoftenperformedtomusic.Dylan’searlyrockclassicssuchasTheTimesTheyAreAChangin’,andAHardRainsGonnaFall,helptogetcrossthethoughtsandfeelingsofthecounterculture.ThemusicpublicationRollingStonereleasedalistofthe“100GreatestBobDylanSongs”inhonorofhis75thbirthdayearlierthisyear.8.What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.WhatNobelPrizeDylanwonin2016.B.HowDylaninfluencesmusicworldwide.C.WhocongratulatedDylanonwinningtheprize.D.WhyDylanwasawardedtheNobelLiteraturePrize.9.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“extend”inParagraph4?A.allocateB.deliverC.offerD.pensate10.WhatdoweknowaboutDylanfromthetext?A.HeisBarackObama’sfavoritefinger.B.Heperformspoetryintheformofsongs.C.HehadneverbeenexpectedtowinaNobelPrize.D.HeisthefirstAmericantowintheNobelLiteraturePrize.11.What’sthejournalists’attitudetowardsDylan’swinningtheNobelLiteraturePrize?A.Favorable.B.Objective.C.Skeptical.D.Uncaring.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解题思路】本文介绍了2016年诺贝尔文学奖获得者BobDylan，并介绍了他在音乐方面的贡献，以及如何获得了诺贝尔将。8.段落大意题。第二段讲的是美国总统奥巴马对他的评价，作为一位艺术家，他在各个方面都非常杰出，这也是他获得诺贝尔奖的原因，故选D。9.词义猜测题。根据文章可知，BobDyian已经几年都被提名，但是专家们不愿意将这个奖项提供个一个流行音乐领域的人，因此这个词的意思是提供，故选C。10.细节理解题。根据第二段中的itchoseDylanforhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition.可知，他用歌曲的形式来写诗，故选B。11.推理判断题。根据第四段中的Thechoicewasmetbyalongroundofapplausefromjournalistsattendingtheprizeannouncement.可知，参加颁奖大会的记者们在宣布他获奖之后给予长久不绝的掌声，因此可以推断记者们对此都是支持的，故选A。F(2018届晋豫省际高三大联考)A60yearoldhomelesswomannamedSmokiehasbeensleepingoutsideinthedirtafewdoorsdownfromamannamedElvisSummers.Mostmornings,shestopsbyElvis’sLosAngelesapartmentandasksifhehasanyrecyclablematerialsforher.Throughtheseconversations,theystruckupafriendship.Onemorning,ElvissawanewsarticleaboutmaninOaklandwhohasbeenmakingtinyhousesoutofdesertedmaterials.HewasinspiredtoputoffpayingafewbillssohecouldbuythewoodandhardwaretomakeSmokieabrandnewshelterittookhimfivedaystobuildit,andnow,forthefirsttimeintenyears,Smokieabrandnewshelter.Ittookhimfivedaystobuildit,andnow,forthefirsttimeintenyears,Smokiehasaplacetohangthesign.“HomeSweetHome”.“Ihadnowheretoreallybuildit,soIjustbuiltitinthestreetoutsideofmyapartment,”ElvistoldGoodNewsNetwork.“ThelocalLAPDpolicehavebeensupercool,andhavetoldmeheysupportit—aslongaswemoveittoadifferentspotevery72hours.”Hemadethisprettytimelapse(延时的)videoshowinghowhedidit.Thematerials,includingtwolocksonthefrontdoorandstrongwheelsformovingitaround,costhimabout$500.“I’vemetsomanyhomelesspeople,goodpeople,”Elvissaidinanemail,“SinceIbuiltSmokie’s,I’vehadseveralpeopleaskingmetomakethematinyhomeandit’sturnedintomuchmorethanjusttheonehouseIwantedtobuild.”AlthoughherunsanonlineretailstorethatsellsEDMclothes,hehasdecidedtolaunchanambitiousprojecttofundmoreshelters.Heplantstogetlighterandcheapermaterials—withoutsacrificingthestrengthofthehouse—forthenextround.RickSassen,abranchmanager,kindlydonatedtheroofshinglesandcedarsupportingSmokie’shouse,finalitemsElviscouldn’taffordonhisown.Sassenhaspromisedtoworkoutadealonfuturebuildingmaterialsforthesamecause.4.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords“struckup”inparagraph2?A.Kepton.B.Established.C.Gaveout.D.Acplished.5.WheredidElvis’sinspirationtobuildatinyhouseefrom?A.Anewsreport.B.Asciencebook.C.Afictionstory.D.Anadvertisement.6.Whatisthemainfeatureofthetinyhouse?A.Itisairconditioned.B.Itisverylight.C.Itcanmovearound.D.Ithasnoroof.7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutElvisfromthelastparagraph?A.Hewillgethelpfrompoorpeople.B.Heearnshislivingbybuildinghouses.C.Heplanstobuildstrongerhouses.D.Hewillhelpmorehomelesspeople.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【解题思路】Elvis从一则新闻报道获得灵感，创造出“能四处移动”的微型房子，他将帮助更多无家可归的人。4.词义猜测题。根据第二段中Throughtheseconversations,theystruckupafriendship.由常识可知，通过谈话人们会建立友谊。故选B。5.细节理解题。根据第三段中Onemorning,ElvissawanewsarticleaboutmaninOaklandwhohasbeenmakingtinyhousesoutofdesertedmaterials.HewasinspiredtoputoffpayingafewbillssohecouldbuythewoodandhardwaretomakeSmokieabrandnewshelterittookhimfivedaystobuildit,可知，Elvis的灵感来自一则新闻报道。故选A。6.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Thematerials,includingtwolocksonthefrontdoorandstrongwheelsformovingitaround,costhimabout$500.可知，这种微型房子的主要特色是“能四处移动”，故选C。7.推理判断题。根据最后一段中RickSassen,abranchmanager,kindlydonatedtheroofshinglesandcedarsupportingSmokie’shouse,finalitemsElviscouldn’taffordonhisown.Sassenhaspromisedtoworkoutadealonfuturebuildingmaterialsforthesamecause.可推知，他将帮助更多无家可归的人。故选D。G(广西桂林市九校2018届高三9月联考)Adrugusedtotreatseverebleedingcouldsavethousandsoflivesformothersgivingbirth.Aglobaltrialofthedrugfounditreducedtheriskofbleedingdeathsduringchildbirthbynearlyonethird.Thestudyinvolved20,000womenin21countries,mainlyinAfricaandAsia.ThetrialwascarriedoutbyLondon'sSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.Thedrugiscalleddtranexamicacid（氨甲环酸）.Itislowcostandresearcherssaiditdoesnotcauseserioussideeffectsformothersorbabies.Thedrugisusedtotreatmothersforseverebleedingduringchildbirth,alsoknownaspostpartumhemorrhage(产后出血).Itistheleadingcauseofmother’sdeathworldwide,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.HaleemaShakuristheprojectdirectorofthetrial.Shesaysdespitemedicaladvancesinmanycountries,severebleedingafterchildbirthremainsabigprobleminsomepartsoftheworld.“It'soneofthebiggestkillersofmothers