Unit 4 Reading and Thinking 同步测试（原卷版）

高一英语必修二Unit4同步测试(ReadingandThinking)基础知识练一、词性转化puzzlevt.迷惑；使困惑→n.谜；疑问→adj.令人困惑的→adj.困惑的，糊涂的legaladj.法律的；合法的→adv.合法地→adj.非法的→adv.违法地；非法地surroundvt.围绕；包围→adj.周围的→n.环境achievementn.成就；成绩；达到→vt.完成；达到locationn.地方；地点；位置→adj.位于→vt.使坐落于vi.定位；定居evidencen.证据；证明→adj.明显的eageradj.热切的；渴望的→adv.热切地；渴望地→n.渴望；热心；热切crowdn.人群；一群人；民众vt.挤满；使……拥挤→adj.拥挤的二、单词拼写Thereisno(证据)thatheisthemantoblame.Itisdifficultforateachertogive(个别的)attentiontochildreninalargeclass.Forexample,England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationand(法律的，adj.)systems.The(主要的)problemwehaveintheareanowisthespreadofdisease.Therewereanumberof(地方)wherethekingsofEgyptbuiltpyramids.You’llneedsomecashinlocal(货币)butyoucanalsouseyourcreditcard.Icanfindnothingtosayin(防卫)ofhisaction.Heisanexcellentlawyerwithagoodbrain,whohasmadegreataallhislife.(根据首字母单词拼写)Mr.Smithlikesto(围绕)himselfwithstudentsaskinghimquestions.Thebombinghasbeenfarmorewidespreadthanthe(军队)willadmit.三、短语填空Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIreland(脱离)theUK,whichresultedinthefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Themindneedsexercise(同……一样)thebody.Theancientvase(属于)theQingDynastywillbealsoonexhibition.Hereisalistofsome(有毒的蘑菇).Theycanlookdifferentdependingonthe(地点和气候).四、课文填空What’sInaName?（课文P40-41）TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England--manypeopleare_1_______(confuse)bywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.Sowhatisthe_2_________(different)betweenthem,ifany?_3_______(get)toknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.Inthe16thcentury,thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoined_4_____theKingdomofEngland.Later,inthe18thcentury,thecountryScotlandwasjoined_5_______(create)theKingdomofGreatBritain.Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomofIrelandwasaddedtocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland._6_______(final),inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIreland_7_____(break)awayfromtheUK,whichresulted_8______thefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname:“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”,_9_____meanstheUKisalsooften_10______(refer)toasBritainorGreatBritain.Thefourcountries_11_______belongtotheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.Theyuse_12_____sameflag,known_13______theUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitary_14_______(defend).However,theyalsohavesomedifferences._15______example,England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferent_16_________(educate)systemsandlegalsystems.Theyalsohavetheirown_17________(tradition),liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.Andtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteams_18______competitionsliketheWorldCup!TheUnitedKingdomhas_19_______longandinterestinghistorytoexplore,_20_____canhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions.AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbe_21________(surround)byevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeople_22_____tookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.Thefirstgroup,theRomans,_23_____(come)inthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementsincluded_24_____(build)townsandroads.Next,theAnglo-Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.Theyintroducedthe_25______(begin)oftheEnglishlanguage,andchangedtheway_26______peoplebuilthouses.TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury,leftbehindlotsofnewvocabulary,andalsothenamesofmany_27________(location)acrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.They_28____________(conquer)Englandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastingsinthe11thcentury.Theyhadcastles_29_______(build)allaroundEngland,andmadechanges_30____thelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench,_31____manyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintotheEnglishlanguage.Thereissomuchmore_32______(learn)abouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.Studying_33_______historyofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmore_34_______(enjoy).ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,asitis_35_____ancientportcitythathasahistory_36_______(date)allthewaybacktoRomantimes.Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore,andlotsofmuseums_37_____ancientrelicsfromallovertheUK.TheUKisa_38_______(fascinate)mixofhistoryandmodernculture,withbothnew_39________oldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprised_40_________(find)thatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.能力提升练五、改写句子AsTeachers’Dayisapproaching,classmatesdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.（句型转换）→,classmatesdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.(with复合结构)→,classmatesdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.(介词短语)Thisprojectwasdesignedtohelpthestudentsinneed.Butitjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.(同义句转换)Thisprojectjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.(过去分词短语作定语)Thisprojectjustdidn’tworkoutasplanned.(定语从句)Youcanhavemuchincommonwiththem．Itcanhelpyougetalongwellwiththem（用非限制性定语从句合并句子）→Youcanhavemuchincommonwiththem，．TongXinisaniceandbeautifulgirl．Sheis17yearsold．Shehasbigeyesandlonghair．（合并为一句）→TongXin，，isaniceandbeautifulgirl．Sheiseasy-goingandwarm-heartedSheisalwaysreadytohelpothers．（用形容词作状语改写句子，并合为一句）→，sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers．Pleasewriteletterstoourrelativesandfriendsbyhand．Don’tsende-mails．Itisagoodidea．（用it作形式主语改写句子，并用ratherthan合并为一句）→toourrelativesandfriendsbyhand．阅读理解“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus(OnFamousMen),highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,hechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist’spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplores.“Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,”wroteSmiles.“whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself.”HisbiographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.Thiswasallabitbourgeois(庸俗的)forThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.Noteveryonewasconvincedbysuchbombast(浮夸的描写):“Thehistoryofallexistingsocietyisthehistoryofclassstruggle”wroteMarxandEngelsinTheCommunistManifesto.“Itisman,reallivingman,whodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.Ittransformedthepublichistory:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthediversityoflostsocieties.1．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1mean?A．Historyisnomorethanapressingliterarycraze.B．Historyshouldbethestoryofsomeepochalheroes.C．Historyisaguidethroughatoughlifeforworkingmen.D．Historyshouldbeinspirationalratherthanempathetic.2．Accordingtothearticle,______dismissedvirtuesasunnecessaryforsuccessfulrulers.A．Petrarch B．SamuelSmilesC．ThomasCarlyle D．NiccoloMachiavelli3．Accordingtothearticle,MarxandEngels______.A．emphasizedthevirtuesofreallivingmenB．stressedtheuniquenessofpersonalexperiencesC．focusedontheworthylivesoftrulyheroicpeopleD．heldthatitisthepeoplewhomaketheirownhistory4．Whatcanweinferfromthearticle?A．Howpeopleappreciatethepasthasneverchanged.B．Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.C．Newrealmsofunderstandinggreatmeninhistorywereopenedup.D．ChristopherHill,EPThompson,andEricHobsbawmwereVictoriansages.七、完形填空TheUnitedStatesyoumaynotknowTheUnitedStatesistheonlysuperpowerintheworld,anditisfarmoreadvancedthananyothercountry.However,wecan’tsimplyoweits1andprosperitytoitsluckyescapefromthedestructionofthetwoworldwars.Whatothernationsshould2istheAmericanspiritanditssocialsystem.ThemostobviousfeaturesoftheAmericanspiritare3andpragmatism(务实思想).Nearly70%oftheimportantinventionshavebeenmadeintheUSsincethefirstindustrialrevolution.SincetheUSoccupiessuchanimportantpositioninscienceandtechnology,naturallyithasbecomethefirstsuperpowerintheworld.Americansarealways4withwhattheyhaveachieved,andtheyhaveanappetiteforadventureovertheloveof5.Europeancountrieshavebeenpursuingareformistpolicyof“hightaxandhighwelfare”sincethe1960s,whileonlytheUS6thepolicyof“highriskandhighreturn”.7,theUShasbecometheleaderofthethirdindustrialrevolution(intechnologyofinformation,materialsandbiology).Highsalaryisnottheonly8thatthetalentsfromothercountriesfindintheUnitedStates.SomecharacteristicsofAmericansocietyshouldnotbe9.Familybackgroundsandgreatwisdominbuildingconnectionsandplayinguptotheboss,towhichgreatimportanceisattachedinothercountries,arenotsoimportantto10developmentintheUS.Mostpeopleareonthesamestartingline,andwhetheronecansucceedornotdependsonhisownabilityandhardwork.However,theAmericancharacterisfullofparadoxes(矛盾).TheAmericanpeoplearebothextremelyromanticandpragmatic.TheAmericanisa(n)11people,butineveryfieldthereareworkaholics.TheAmericansareopen-mindedbuttheyareveryconservativeoncertainmatters.SinceChina’sreformandopening-uptotheoutsideworld,manymediainWesterncountrieshavegreatly12theirattitudestowardsChina.However,theAmericanmediaaresingingthesameoldtuneagainstChinaastheywereintheColdWarperiod.TheAmericans13freedom,buttheirgovernmentisveryfondofinterferinginothercountries’internalaffairs.What’smostpuzzlingisthattheAmericans14authority,buttheyhighlyrespectthelawsandregulationsofthesociety.Therefore,insuchanationthatvaluespersonalliberty,thesocietycanstillbekeptingoodorderandoperatewithhigh15.Isitodd?Noonecanprovideasatisfactoryanswer.A．powerfulness B．ability C．energy D．resourceA．reflecton B．dealwith C．agreeto D．carryoutA．preservation B．perseverance C．curiosity D．creativityA．dissatisfied B．concerned C．engaged D．pleasedA．nature B．competition C．ease D．innovationA．goesagainst B．sticksto C．exposesto D．givesupA．Afterall B．Asaresult C．Inotherwords D．AboveallA．potential B．passion C．attraction D．recommendationA．considered B．mentioned C．ignored D．definedA．staff B．assemble C．private D．individualA．pleasure-seeking B．outgoing C．self-disciplined D．well-educatedA．maintained B．changed C．adopted D．comparedA．oppose B．rebel C．care D．valueA．show B．admire C．challenge D．establishA．efficiency B．spirits C．honour D．status八、语法填空ThePalaceMuseum’sclockcollection,morethan1,500innumber,isarguablyoneofthemostbreathtakingclockpreservationsworldwide.1(make)betweenthe18thcenturyandthe20thcentury,somewerecraftedinBritain,FranceandSwitzerland,somewerefromtheClockWorshipoftheQingPalace,theotherswere2mixtureofboththeEastandtheWest.The3(major)ofBritishclocksfeaturebronzecasesinlaidwithsplendidlycolor