Unit 4 Section IV同步测试解析版

Book1Unit4NaturalDisastersSectionIVReadingforWriting同步测试(解析版)【大单元教学】2023-2024学年高一英语同步备课系列（人教版2019必修第一册）一、阅读理解PassageAThecapitalofacountryisoftenaverypopulatedcitywheremuchhistoryhasbeenmadeduetothehigh-levelpoliticalandeconomicfunctionsthatoccurthere.However,sometimesgovernmentleadersdecidetomovethecapitalfromonecitytoanother.Capitalrelocationhasbeendonehundredsoftimesthroughouthistory.TheancientEgyptians,Romans,andChinesechangedtheircapitalfrequently.Somecountrieschoosenewcapitalsthataremoreeasilydefendedinatimeofinvasion(侵略)orwar.Somenewcapitalsareplannedandbuiltinpreviouslyundevelopedareastopromotedevelopment.Countriessometimeschangetheircapitalbecausetheyexpectsometypeofpolitical,social,oreconomicbenefit.Theyhopeandexpectthatthenewcapitalswillsurelydevelopintoculturaltreasureandhopefullymakethecountryamorestableplace.Herearecapitalrelocationsthathaveoccurredinapproximatelythelastfewcenturies.AsiaJapanfromKyototoTokyo—1868TurkeyfromIstanbultoAnkara—1923IsraelfromTelAviv-JaffotoJerusalem—1950EuropePolandfromKrakowtoWarsaw—1596FinlandfromTurkutoHelsinki—1812ItalyfromTurintoFlorencetoSalernotoRome—1871TheAmericasTheUSfromNewYorktoWashington—1800JamaicafromPortRoyaltoSpanishTowntoKingston—1872OceaniaNewZealandfromAucklandtoWellington—18651．Whydidsomecountriesdecidetomovethecapital?A．Tofurtherexpandtheirland.B．Touncoverancienttreasure.C．Todevelopundevelopedareas.D．Todeclarewaronanothercountry.2．Whichcountrywastheearliesttomoveitscapital?A．Turkey. B．Poland.C．TheUnitedSate. D．NewZealand.3．WhatdoItalyandJamaicahaveincommon?A．Theymovedthecapitalsmorethanonce.B．Theircapitalsweredestroyedinthewar.C．Theymovedtheircapitalsinthesameyear.D．Theircapitalsmovedbecauseoftheeconomy.阅读理解答案TheanswertoPassageA：CBA【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了历史上一些经常迁都的国家以及其背后的原因。【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Somenewcapitalsareplannedandbuiltinpreviouslyundevelopedareastopromotedevelopment.(一些新的首都被规划和建设在以前未开发的地区，以促进发展。)”可知，一些国家决定迁都是为了开发欠发达地区。故选C。【解析】2．推理判断题。根据表格中“PolandfromKrakowtoWarsaw—1596(波兰于1596年将首都从克拉科夫迁到华沙)”可推知，波兰于1596年将首都从克拉科夫迁到华沙；再对比表格中其它国家迁都的时间可知，波兰迁都的时间最早。故选B。【解析】3．细节理解题。根据表格中“Italy

fromTurintoFlorencetoSalernotoRome—1871(意大利在1871年将首都从都灵迁到佛罗伦萨，再迁到到萨勒诺，最后再迁到罗马)”可知，意大利曾经将首都从都灵迁到佛罗伦萨，再迁到到萨勒诺，最后再迁到罗马；再结合表格中“Jamaica

fromPortRoyaltoSpanishTowntoKingston-1872(牙买加在1872年将首都从皇家港迁到西班牙城，最后再迁到金斯敦)”可知，牙买加曾将首都从皇家港迁到西班牙城，最后再迁到金斯敦。由此可知，意大利和牙买加的共同之处在于这两个国家都不止一次迁都。故选A。PassageBWhenachunkoficefellfromacollapsingglacier(冰川)ontheSwissAlps’MountEigerin2017,partofthelongdeepsounditproducedwastoolowforhumanearstohear.Butthecontinuousshakingheldakeytocalculatingtheiceavalanche’s(崩塌)criticalcharacteristics.Low-frequencysoundwavescalledinfrasoundthattravelgreatdistancesthroughtheatmospherearealreadyusedtomonitoractivevolcanoesfromafar.Nowsomeresearchersinthisfieldhaveswitchedfocusfromfiretoice.Usuallyglaciersmovefartooslowlytogenerateaninfrasoundsignal,whichresearcherspickupusingdetectorsthattrackslightchangesinairpressure.Butacollapse—asudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglacier’smainbody—isaninfrasoundproducerinlargeamounts.Glacialcollapsesdriveiceavalanches,whichposeanincreasingthreattopeopleinmountainousregionsasrisingtemperaturesweakenlargefieldsofice.Aglacier“canbecomeseparatefromthegroundduetomelting,causingbiggerbreak-offs,”saysUniversityofFlorencegeologistEmanueleMarchetti,leadauthorofthenewstudy.Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaystomonitoranddetectsuchcollapses.Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisaccuratebutexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak-offeventsaroundmuchbroaderregionsaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.Itischallenging,however,toseparateasignalintoitscomponentssuchastrafficnoises,individualavalanchesandnearbyearthquakeswithoutadditionalmeasurements,saysETHZurichglaciologistMalgorzataChmiel.“ThemodelusedbyMarchettiisafirstcloseestimationforthis,”shesays.Isolatingtherelevantsignalhelpstheresearchersmonitoraniceavalanche’sspeed,pathandvolumefromafarusinginfrasound.Marchettiandhiscolleagueshavesetupcollaborationsaroundthecontinenttobetterunderstandsignalsthatcollapsingglaciersproduce.Theyarealsorefiningtheiranalysistofigureouteachiceavalanche’sphysicaldetails.4．Whatdoweknowabouticeavalanches?A．Iceavalanchescanbedetectedthroughinfrasound.B．Iceavalanchesarecausedbychangeinairpressure.C．Iceavalanchesmovetooslowlytoproduceaninfrasoundsignal.D．Iceavalanchesposeabiggerthreattopeoplethanvolcaniceruptions.5．Whichofthefollowingisanadvantageofinfrasound?A．Thecombinationwithotherrelevantsignals.B．Theabilityinpickingupsignalsinwiderareas.C．Theaccuracyinlocatingonlyonecertainavalanche.D．Thesensitivityintrackingslightairpressurechanges.6．Theunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3refersto________.A．distinguishingdifferentpartsofasignalB．addingmeasurementstoreceivesignalsC．detectingmultipleavalanchesacrossamountainD．calculatingthespeed,pathandvolumeoficeavalanches7．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．FromFiretoIce B．Nature’sShockingC．GlacierWhispers D．SecretofIceAvalanches阅读理解答案TheanswertoPassageB:ABAC【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍冰崩会发出大量的次声波，研究人员正在尝试用次声探测技术来检测和探测冰崩。【解析】4．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisaccuratebutexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.

Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak-offeventsaroundmuchbroaderregionsaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.(研究人员经常使用雷达来跟踪冰雪崩，这种方法准确但昂贵，只能监测一个特定的位置和邻近的雪崩路径。马尔凯蒂说，次声波更便宜，可以探测到更广阔地区的断裂事件，以及一座山上的多次雪崩)”可知，雪崩可以通过次声波探测到。故选A项。【解析】5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisprecisebutexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak—offeventsaroundamuchbroaderareaaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.(研究人员经常使用雷达来跟踪冰雪崩，这种方法精确但昂贵，而且只能监测一个特定的位置和邻近的雪崩路径。马尔凯蒂说，次声探测技术成本更低，可以探测到更广阔的区域附近的断裂事件，以及山脉上的多次雪崩)”可知，和雷达相比次声探测的优势是能接收更大范围内的信号。故选B项。【解析】6．词句猜测题。分析句子可知，句中this应指代上文出现的内容。根据第三段的“Itischallenging,however,toseparateasignalintoitscomponentssuchastrafficnoises,individualavalanchesandnearbyearthquakeswithoutadditionalmeasurements,saysETHZurichglaciologistMalgorzataChmiel.（然而，苏黎世联邦理工学院的冰川学家MalgorzataChmiel说，在没有额外测量的情况下，将一个信号分解成它的组成部分（如交通噪音、单独的雪崩和附近的地震）是一项挑战)”推知，this指代“区分信号的成分”，即马尔凯蒂使用的模型是区分信号成分的初步近似（该模型能区分出信号的不同成分）。故选A项。【解析】7．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“Butthecontinuousshakingheldakeytocalculatingtheiceavalanche’scriticalcharacteristics.(但持续的晃动是计算冰崩临界特征的关键)”和第二段的“Butacollapse—asudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglacier’smainbody—isaninfrasoundproducerinlargeamounts.(但是冰川的崩塌——冰川主体的冰突然迅速断裂——是大量次声的产生者)”和“Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaystomonitoranddetectsuchcollapses.(随着威胁的增加，科学家们寻求新的方法来监测和探测这种崩塌)”可知，冰崩会发出大量的次声波，研究人员正在尝试用次声探测技术来检测和探测冰崩。故C项“冰川低语”可以作为本文标题，吸引读者。PassageCTwotownsinBoulderCounty,Coloradoarestrugglingtorecoverafterterriblewildfiresdestroyednearly1,000buildings.TheMarshallfireandtheMiddleForkfirebeganonThursdaymorningasgrassfires.Strongwindsblowingatspeedsofupto175kphhelpedfeedtheflamesandspreadthemfurther.ThefiresspreadthroughtownslocatedbetweenthelargercitiesofBoulderandDenver.Over30,000peoplewereforcedtoleaveLouisville,Superior,andtwoothernearbytownsasthefiresweptthroughthearea.ByFridaymorning,thewildfireshadburnedroughly25squarekilometers.TheMiddleForkfirewasbroughtundercontrolonFriday,buttheMarshallfirewashardertostopNearly1,000buildingsweredestroyed,includinghundredsofhomes,ahotel,andashoppingcenter.Inspiteofthepowerofthewildfires,therehaveonlybeenafewinjuries.Sofar,nodeathshavebeenreported.

Authoritiesinitiallysuggestedthatthefiremayhavebeencausedbypowerlinesdownedbythewind.ButcompanyXcelEnergyreportedFridaythatnoneofitspowerlinesintheareawherethefirebeganhadbeendowned,throwingthatexplanationintoquestion.Surprisingly,snowbeganfallingonFridaynight,helpingtoputoutthefire.ButbySaturday,thesnowandfallingtemperatureshadbeguntocausenewproblems.Manyhomesintheareawereleftwithnoelectricityandnogasforheating.Withtemperaturesaround-14℃,waterpipesbeganfreezingandbreakinginmanyofthehomesthathadsurvivedtheflames.Manypeoplearelookingattheparttheclimatecrisisplayedinthisdisaster.WildfireseasonusedtorunfromMaytoNovember,butthat’snolongertrue.TemperaturesintheareahavebeenunusuallywarmsinceJuly.JenniferBalch，who’safirescientist，toldtheDenverPost,“Climatechangeisdefinitelyapartofthisstory,inthatfireseasonsare1onger.”8．Howmanytownswereaffectedbythefires?A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.9．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefires?A．Theywereputoutatthesametime.B．Ithasn’tbeenclearhowtheystarted.C．They’retheworstwildfiresinColorado.D．Noonewasinjuredorkilledinthefires.10．WhichofthefollowingdoesJenniferBalchagreewith?A．Thewildfireseasonisshorterthanbefore.B．BoulderCountyisinurgentneedofrain.C．Peoplearenotpreparedforextremeweather.D．Climatechangeistopartiallyblameforthefires.11．WhichcanbestdescribewhathappenedtoColoradorecently?A．Itneverrainsbutitpours. B．Saveforarainyday.C．Killtwobirdswithonestone. D．Preventionisbetterthancure.阅读理解答案TheanswertoPassageC:CBDA【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了科罗拉多州发生火灾，造成了损失，大雪帮助扑灭大火之后，又引发了新的问题。【解析】8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Over30,000peoplewereforcedtoleaveLouisville,Superior,andtwoothernearbytownsasthefiresweptthroughthearea.(大火席卷该地区时，超过30000人被迫离开路易斯维尔、苏必利尔和附近的两个城镇。)”可知，路易斯维尔、苏必利尔和附近的两个城镇受到了火灾的影响。故选C项。【解析】9．推理判断题。根据第四段“Authoritiesinitiallysuggestedthatthefiremayhavebeencausedbypowerlinesdownedbythewind.ButcompanyXcelEnergyreportedFridaythatnoneofitspowerlinesintheareawherethefirebeganhadbeendowned,throwingthatexplanationintoquestion.(当局最初表示，火灾可能是由风吹落的电线引起的。但XcelEnergy公司周五报告称，火灾发生地区的所有电线均未掉落，这一解释受到质疑。)”可知，当局给出的火灾发生原因受到质疑，现在还不清楚火灾是如何发生的。故选B项。【解析】10．细节理解题。根据倒数第一段“TemperaturesintheareahavebeenunusuallywarmsinceJuly.JenniferBalch,who’safirescientist,toldtheDenverPost,“Climatechangeisdefinitelyapartofthisstory,inthatfireseasonsare1onger.”(火灾科学家珍妮弗·巴尔奇告诉《丹佛邮报》，“气候变化肯定是这个故事的一部分，因为火灾季节越来越长。”)”可知，珍妮弗·巴尔奇认为气候变化是火灾的部分原因。故选D项。【解析】11．推理判断题。根据第一段“TwotownsinBoulderCounty,Coloradoarestrugglingtorecoverafterterriblewildfiresdestroyednearly1,000buildings.(科罗拉多州博尔德县的两个城镇在可怕的野火摧毁了近1000栋建筑后，正在努力恢复。)”以及倒数第二段“ButbySaturday,thesnowandfallingtemperatureshadbeguntocausenewproblems.Manyhomesintheareawereleftwithnoelectricityandnogasforheating.Withtemperaturesaround-14℃,waterpipesbeganfreezingandbreakinginmanyofthehomesthathadsurvivedtheflames.(但到了周六，降雪和气温下降开始引发新的问题。该地区的许多家庭没有电，也没有煤气取暖。在零下14℃左右的温度下，许多在大火中幸存下来的家庭的水管开始结冰并破裂。)”可知，科罗拉多州遭遇大火，大雪帮助扑灭大火之后，又引发了新的问题，所以“祸不单行”可以用来描述科罗拉多州最近发生的事情。故选A项。PassageDThecold,wetweatherofwinteroftenputsoutanywildfiresthatarestillburning,butnotinthefarNorthareas,suchasAlaska,Canada,andotherpartsofNorthAmerica.Someforestfiresjustdon’tdieintheseplaces.Thinkofthefiresas“zombies”(僵尸):Scientistsdo.Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.Theyburndeadplantmatterandsoilsundersnow.InMay2021,scientistsreportedtheirworktoascientificjournal.Thescientistssawthatzombiefiresarerarebuttheycouldbecomemorecommonastheworldwarms,thestudywarns.“Someyears,newfireswerestartingveryclosetothepreviousyear’sfire,”explainsRebeccaScholten.ShestudiesEarthandenvironmentalsciencesatVrijeUniversityAmsterdamintheNetherlands.Thenewfiresmadescientistswonderhowoftenfiresmightsurvivethewinter.Thescientistsstartedbycombingthroughfirefighterreports.ThentheycomparedthesewithsatelliteimagesofAlaskaandnorthernCanada.Thescientistslookedforfiresthatbeganclosetofiresfromtheyearbefore.Theyalsofocusedonblazesstartingbeforethemiddleofsummer.Randomlightningorhumanactionssparkmostfiresinthearea,Scholtensays.Butthosefireshappenlaterintheyear.Zombiefiresaccountedforlessthan1percentofthetotalareaburnedbyfiresfrom2002to2018.Butitchangedfromyeartoyear.Take2008,forexample.AzombiefireburnedAlaskathatyear.Itcausedalmostone-thirdoffiredamagethatyear.Oneclearpatternemerged:Zombiefiresweremorelikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.Hightemperaturesmayallowfirestoreachmoredeeplyintothesoil.Suchdeepburnsaremorelikelytosurvivetospring.Thezombiefirethreatcouldgrow.Theclimateiswarming.ForestsinthefarNorthalreadyarewarmingfaster.“We’reseeingmorehotsummersandmorelargefiresandintenseburning,”Scholtensays.Plus,zombiefirescouldcausemoreissues.Thefiresreleasehugeamountsofgreenhousegases.ThesetrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere.TheatmosphereisalayerofgasesthatsurroundtheEarth.Scholten’sresearchcouldhelpfiremanagement.Firefighterswouldknowtocheckforthemafterwarmsummers.12．Whatmayleadtozombiefiresaccordingtothepassage?A．wetweather B．hottersummersC．lowtemperatures D．coldwinters13．WhatcanwelearnaboutzombiefiresfromParagraph2?A．Whereflamesbrokeoutprovidedtheclue.B．Changingclimateplaysaroleinthezombiefirethreat.C．Zombiefiresarelesslikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.D．Itisoflittleusecomparingfirefighterreportswithsatelliteimages.14．Whatconclusionwillbepossiblymadebasedonthelastparagraph?A．Itisimportanttounderstandzombiefires.B．Zombiefiresarelikelytobeundercontrolsoon.C．Firefighterscannotdomuchtostopthezombiefires.D．Westillhavemuchtolearnaboutthewarmingclimate.15．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethesuitabletitleofthepassage?A．“Zombie“wildfiresdogreatdamagetolandB．“Zombie”wildfiresreleasegreenhousegasesC．“Zombie“wildfiressparkedbyhumanactionsD．“Zombie”wildfiresreappearafterwinteringunderground阅读理解答案TheanswertoPassageD【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了什么是“僵尸火”、“僵尸火”发生的原因及其危害等。【解析】12．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Someforestfiresjustdon’tdieintheseplaces.Thinkofthefiresas“zombies”(僵尸):Scientistsdo.Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.(在这些地方，有些森林火灾是不会熄灭的。把火灾想象成“僵尸”：科学家就是这样认为的。当夏天比平常温暖时，一些火灾可以隐藏整个冬天。)”可知，热的夏天可能会导致僵尸火灾。故选B。【解析】13．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Someyears,newfireswerestartingveryclosetothepreviousyear’sfire(有些年份，新的火灾发生的地点与前一年的火灾非常接近)”和“Thescientistslookedforfiresthatbeganclosetofiresfromtheyearbefore.(科学家们寻找的是前一年附近发生的火灾。)”可知，火灾发生的地点提供了僵尸火灾的线索。故选A。【解析】14．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Plus,zombiefirescouldcausemoreissues.

Thefiresreleasehugeamountsofgreenhousegases.

ThesetrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere.

TheatmosphereisalayerofgasesthatsurroundtheEarth.

Scholten’sresearchcouldhelpfiremanagement.

Firefighterswouldknowtocheckforthemafterwarmsummers.(另外，僵尸火灾可能会引发更多问题。大火释放出大量的温室气体。它们将热量困在地球大气中。大气层是环绕地球的一层气体。Scholten的研究可能有助于火灾管理。在温暖的夏天之后，消防员会知道要检查它们。)”可知，根据最后一段可能得出的结论是了解僵尸火灾很重要。故选A。【解析】15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Thinkofthefiresas“zombies”(僵尸):Scientistsdo.Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.Theyburndeadplantmatterandsoilsundersnow.InMay2021,scientistsreportedtheirworktoascientificjournal.Thescientistssawthatzombiefiresarerarebuttheycouldbecomemorecommonastheworldwarms,thestudywarns.(把火灾想象成“僵尸”：科学家就是这样认为的。当夏天比平常温暖时，一些火灾可以隐藏整个冬天。它们燃烧死的植物和积雪下的土壤。2021年5月，科学家们向一家科学杂志报告了他们的工作。研究警告说，科学家们发现僵尸火灾很罕见，但随着全球变暖，它们可能会变得越来越普遍。)”可知，本文主要讲的是僵尸火灾很罕见，但随着全球变暖，它们可能会变得越来越普遍，因此最好的题目是D选项““Zombie”wildfiresreappearafterwinteringunderground(“僵尸”野火在地下过冬后再次出现)”。故选D。PassageEFindWaystoRespondtoaMajorDisasterWhennaturaldisasterslikehurricanesandearthquakeshappen,there’salwaysagreatneedforcoordinated(协调的)disasterreliefandrecovery.16VolunteerTotakeahands-onapproachtodisasterrecovery,volunteeryourtimeandtalents.Youcantraveltotheaffectedregionstoprovidesupport.17Itisrecommendedthatyouvolunteerthroughoneoftheprofessionalorganisationsforyoursafetyandyourskillscanbeputtobestuse.DonatemoneyDisastervictimsoftenhavelosttheirhomesorneedtorelocate.Inmanycases,yourmoneyisjustasvaluableasyourphysicalpresenceinhelpingwithreliefefforts.Manyorganisationsprovidetemporaryhousing,foodandotheritemsforvictims.18EvenorganisationsliketheRedCrosshavebeencriticisedforhowdonatedfundshavebeenallocated(分配).DonatebloodIfyoucan’ttravelanddon’tfeelcomfortablegivingmoney,aneedfordonatedbloodalwaysexisted.TheRedCrossandlocalmedicalorganisationsmanagebloodsuppliesthatareimportanttodisastervictims.CalltheRedCrosstoscheduleanappointment.1920Goodsarevaluableinstrickenareas.Buildingmaterialsanddonationsofbottledwaterorhouseholditemscanbeplacedontrucksandtakentothedisasterareas.Itisthebesttoallowtheprofessionalorganisationstocoordinatethesedonationeffortsandseethattheneededsuppliesreachalocationwheretheywillbebestusedforrecovery.A．Sendneededitems.B．Makepreparations.C．Orlookoutforablooddriveinyourarea.D．Alotofpeopleareskilfulatorganisinglocalresponse.E．Whetherdisasterhasoccurredathomeorabroad,youcanhelp.F．Beforegiving,though,makesureyoutrusttheorganisationreceivingyourmoney.G．Andyoucandoeverythingfromprovidingfirstaidtorebuildinghomesintheseareas.阅读理解答案TheanswertoPassageE:EGFCA【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍如何帮助重大灾难的方法。【解析】16．根据上文“Whennaturaldisasterslikehurricanesandearthquakeshappen,there’salwaysagreatneedforcoordinated(协调的)disasterreliefandrecovery.(当飓风和地震等自然灾害发生时，总是非常需要协调救灾和恢复)”和下文的小标题，可知设空处是关于如何救助的，E选项“无论灾难发生在国内还是国外，你都可以提供帮助。”符合题意，承上启下，故选E。【解析】17．根据上文“Totakeahands-onapproachtodisasterrecovery,volunteeryourtimeandtalents.Youcantraveltotheaffectedregionstoprovidesupport.(要想亲身参与灾难恢复，请献出你的时间和才智。你可以前往受灾地区提供支持。)”可推断下文是关于在受灾地区都能做什么事情来提供支持，G选项“你可以在这些地区做任何事情，从提供急救到重建家园。”顺承上文，符合题意，故选G。【解析】18．根据上文“Inmanycases,yourmoneyisjustasvaluableasyourphysicalpresenceinhelpingwithreliefefforts.Manyorganisationsprovidetemporaryhousing,foodandotheritemsforvictims.(在很多情况下，你的钱和你的身体在帮助救灾工作中一样有价值。许多组织为受害者提供临时住房、食物和其他物品。)”可知本段关于如何捐钱的，再结合下文“EvenorganisationsliketheRedCrosshavebeencriticisedforhowdonatedfundshavebeenallocated(分配).(即使像红十字会这样的组织也因为捐赠资金的分配方式而受到批评。)”可知设空处承上启下是关于怎么找对捐款机构的，选项F“但是，在捐款之前，要确保你信任接受你捐款的机构。”符合题意，并且和上文构成转折关系，紧密连接下文，故选F。【解析】19．根据上文“Ifyoucan’ttravelanddon’tfeelcomfortablegivingmoney,aneedfordonatedbloodalwaysexisted.TheRedCrossandlocalmedicalorganisationsmanagebloodsuppliesthatareimportanttodisastervictims.CalltheRedCrosstoscheduleanappointment.(如果你不能旅行，也不愿意捐钱，献血的需求总是存在的。红十字会和当地医疗组织管理着对灾民很重要的血液供应。给红十字会打电话预约。)”结合小标题可知本段是关于如何献血的，C选项“或者留意你所在地区的献血活动。”继续讲述如何献血，符合题意，故选C。【解析】20．设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Goodsarevaluableinstrickenareas.Buildingmaterialsanddonationsofbottledwaterorhouseholditemscanbeplacedontrucksandtakentothedisasterareas.Itisthebesttoallowtheprofessionalorganisationstocoordinatethesedonationeffortsandseethattheneededsuppliesreachalocationwheretheywillbebestusedforrecovery.二、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Aterrifyingexampleofthesea’spowersaw125,000peoplediein12differentcountries.Thedestruction(破坏)wascausedwhenaverybig21senttsunamissmashingintoIndianOceancoastlines.CommunitiesinSriLanka,Indonesia,Thailand,India,MalaysiaandEastAfricahavebeen22bythehugewaves.Wholetownsweresimplysweptasidebythepowerofthewater.Cars,trainsandbuildingscouldnot23,letalonethepeoplewhostood24Theearthquake259.0ontheRichterscale(里氏震级)andoccurred26thecoastofIndonesia.Itwas27asthefifthstrongestsince1900.Scientistssaidthequakewasas28asamillionoftheatomicbombsthatwere29ontoJapanduringWorldWarⅡ.Itmaybetheworstnaturaldisasterinrecenthistory30itisaffectingsomanyheavilypopulatedcoastalareas.Becausesuchwaves31happenintheIndianOcean,thereisnosysteminplaceto32coastalcommunitiestheyareabouttobehit.TsunamiisJapanesefor“harborwave”.Theyareusuallycausedbyasudden33orfallofpartoftheEarth’scrust(地壳)undertheocean.Tsunamisoftenhappeninoceansandtheyaremost34inthePacific.Tsunamiscanbeverylong—asmuchas100kilometers—andbeasfarasonehourapart.Theyareableto35entireoceanswithoutlosingmuchenergy.Oneofthemoststriking36abouttsunamisisthatanearthquakeononesideofthePacificOceancancausegiantwavesanddestructionontheotherside.Whentheoceanisdeep,tsunamiscantravelunnoticed37speedsofupto800kilometersperhour.Thewavemayonlybeafewmetershighintheocean.38whenitisneartheshoreandreachesshallow(浅)water,thewave39veryquicklyinheight.Witnesses(目击者)insomeareasofIndonesiareportedseeingupto10-metrehighwavescrashintotheshore.Tsunamistravel40inalldirectionsfromthecenterofanearthquakeandattackcoastlines.Theycaneasilysuckpeopleouttosea,causefloodinganddestroyproperty.21．A．storm B．hurricane C．wave D．earthquake22．A．threatened B．shaken C．destroyed D．transformed23．A．remain B．survive C．exist D．achieve24．A．intheway B．inaway C．ontheway D．bytheway25．A．equaled B．ranged C．measured D．evaluated26．A．on B．in C．off D．at27．A．adopted B．noticed C．marked D．recorded28．A．powerful B．big C．huge D．great29．A．found B．consumed C．aimed D．dropped30．A．if B．though C．when D．as31．A．never B．frequently C．rarely D．ever32．A．convince B．warn C．protect D．remind33．A．exchange B．rise C．increase D．growth34．A．usual B．common C．ordinary D．general35．A．spread B．extend C．cross D．reach36．A．facts B．data C．stories D．accidents37．A．in B．on C．at D．for38．A．And B．But C．Therefore D．Or39．A．goesdown B．comesabout C．runsout D．buildsup40．A．outward B．forward C．upward D．downward二、完形填空答案【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述的是在印度洋海岸突然引发的一次海啸，以及它给沿海地区带来得灾难。【解析】21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次破坏是由一次非常大的地震引发的海啸冲进印度洋海岸线造成的。A.storm风暴；B.hurricane飓风；C.wave波浪；D.earthquake地震。根据第三段开头的Theearthquake，可知此处意思是：一次大的地震引发出海啸冲进印度洋海岸线。故选D。【解析】22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯里兰卡、印度尼西亚、泰国、印度、马来西亚和东非的社区被巨浪摧毁。A.threatened使威胁；B.shaken摇动；C.destroyed毁掉；D.transformed转换。结合下一句“Wholetownsweresimplysweptasidebythepowerofthewater.”可知这里表示社区被巨浪摧毁。故选C。【解析】23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：汽车、火车、楼房都不能幸免，更不用说站在路上的行人了。A.remain保持，依然，留下；B.survive幸存；C.exist存在；D.achieve实现。结合上句“Wholetownsweresimplysweptasidebythepowerofthewater.”，根据常识判断汽车，火车和建筑物不能幸存。故选B。【解析】24．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：汽车、火车、楼房都不能幸免，更不用说站在路上的行人了。A.intheway挡路；B.inaway在某种程度上；C.ontheway即将来临；D.bytheway顺便说。结合“letalone”可知表示汽车、火车、楼房都不能幸免，更不用说站在路上的行人了。故选A。【解析】25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次地震测得里氏9.0级，发生在印尼海岸附近。A.equaled平等，等于；B.ranged排列，（按一定位置或顺序）排序；C.measured测量；D.evaluated评估。结合空格后“9.0ontheRichterscale”可知测量地震震级是9级。故选C。【解析】26．考查介词词义辨析。句意：这次地震测得里氏9.0级，发生在印尼海岸附近。A.on在……上面；B.in在……里面；C.off靠近，离……不远；D.at在……。结合前文可知地震发生在印度尼西亚海岸附近。故选C。【解析】27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它被记录为1900年以来的第五最大地震。A.adopted采纳，抱养；B.noticed注意；C.marked留下标记；D.recorded记录。结合空格后的“asthefifthstrongestsince1900”可推断这里表示它被记录为自1900年以来的第五最大地震。故选D。【解析】28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学家说，这次地震的威力相当于二战期间向日本投下的100万颗原子弹。A.powerful强大的；B.big大的；C.huge巨大的；D.great伟大的。结合空格后的“amillionoftheatomicbombs”可推断描述的是这次地震的威力，用powerful符合题意。故选A。【解析】29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家说，这次地震的威力相当于二战期间向日本投下的100万颗原子弹。A.found发现；B.consumed消耗，消费；C.aimed瞄准；D.dropped使落下。根据空格后的“duringWorldWarⅡ”，结合历史知识可知这次地震的威力就像二战期间向日本投下的原子弹。故选D。【解析】30．考查连词词义辨析。句意：这可能是近代史上最严重的自然灾害，因为它正在影响着许多人口稠密的沿海地区。A.if如果；B.though尽管；C.when当……时候；D.as由于。分析前后两句话是因果关系，用as引出原因符合题意故选D。【解析】31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因为这样的巨浪在印度洋很少发生，目前还没有系统来警告沿海社区他们即将受到袭击。A.never从来没有；B.frequently频繁地；C.rarely很少，难得；D.ever曾经。结合后半句“thereisnosysteminplaceto

12coastalcommunitiestheyareabouttobehit.”可知，因为这样的巨浪很少发生在印度洋。故选C。【解析】32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为这样的巨浪在印度洋很少发生，目前还没有系统来警告沿海社区他们即将受到袭击。A.convince使确认；B.warn警告；C.protect保护；D.remind提醒。结合本句中的“system”和空格后的“coastalcommunities”可推断是没有系统警告沿海社区即将受到袭击。故选B。【解析】33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们通常是由海洋下部分地壳的突然上升或下降引起的。A.exchange交换；B.rise上升；C.increase增长；D.growth生长。根据句意和海啸形成的常识，结合空格后的“orfall”可知与fall相对应的是rise。故选B。【解析】34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海啸经常发生在海洋中，在太平洋地区最为常见。A.usual通常的；B.common常见的；C.ordinary普通的；D.general一般的。根据前半句“Tsunamisoftenhappeninoceans”可知这里要表达海啸在太平洋最常见。故选B。【解析】35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们能够穿越整个海洋而不损失太多能量。A.spread传播；B.extend伸展；C.cross穿越；D.reach到达。结合空格后的“entireoceanswithoutlosingmuchenergy”可知这里表达它们能不减威力穿越海洋。故选C。【解析】36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：海啸最引人注目的事实之一是，太平洋一侧的地震可以在另一侧造成巨浪和破坏。A.facts事实；B.data数据；C.stories故事；D.accidents事故。结合空格后的“thatanearthquakeononesideofthePacificOceancancausegiantwavesanddestructionontheotherside.”可知太平洋一边的地震引起另一边的破坏，这是关于海啸的最引人注目的事实之一。故选A。【解析】37．考查介词词义辨析。句意：当海洋很深时，海啸可以以每小时800公里的速度在不知不觉中传播。A.in在……里面；B.on在……上面；C.at在……；D.for为了……。结合空格后的“speedsofupto800kilometersperhour”，可知用到短语ataspeed/speedsof“以……的速度”，故选C。【解析】38．考查并列连词词义辨析。句意：但是当它靠近海岸并到达浅水时，波浪的高度会迅速增加。A.And和；B.But但是；C.Therefore因此；D.Or或者，否则。结合前一句“Thewavemayonlybeafewmetershighintheocean.”可知前后文是转折关系，浪头只有几米高，但是当它靠近海岸，到达浅水的时候，就会增强它的高度。故选B。【解析】39．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但是当它靠近海岸并到达浅水时，波浪的高度会迅速增加。A.goesdown下沉，减弱；B.comesabout形成，产生；C.runsout耗尽；D.buildsup增强。结合空格后的“veryquicklyinheight”和下一句“Witnesses(目击者)insomeareasofIndonesiareportedseeingupto10-metrehighwavescrashintotheshore.”可知到达浅水的时候，波浪的高度会迅速增加。故选D。【解析】40．考查副词词义辨析。句意：海啸从地震中心向四面八方传播并袭击海岸线。A.o