广东省深圳市龙岗区2024-2025学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题【含答案解析】

2024-2025学年第二学期调研测试卷高二英语2025.7本试卷共8页，满分120，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生请务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。将条形码横贴在卡“条形码粘贴”处。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AImaginecitieswherebuildingsbreathelikeplants,streetsflowlikerivers,andneighborhoodsdevelopnaturallylikeforests.Thisvisionisbecomingrealasurbandesignersusenature-inspiredideaslikebiomimicry,permaculture(永久农业),andFengShui.Ancientwisdominspiresmodernsolutions:BiomimicryTheEastgateCentreinZimbabwecopiestermitemoundstostaycool.Itsthickbrickwallsabsorbheatbydayandreleaseitatnight.Coolairflowsinthroughopeningsatthebottom,loweringtemperaturesnaturally.Thisavoidscostlyairconditioning,savingover50%energyand$3.5millioncomparedtotraditionalbuilding.PermacultureChristchurch’sŌtākaroOrchardcreatesself-sustainingfoodsystemsaftera2011earthquake.Thisprojectfeatures5publicfoodforests,26communitygardens,70food-producinggardensinschools,and26,000fruittreesonpublicland,whichhelpmakesurethere’senoughfoodincaseofdisasters.FengShuiFengShuimakespeopleandtheirsurroundingsworkwelltogetherbybalancingtheflowofenergy,orchi.InHongKong,buildingsareputnearnaturalthingstobringgoodenergy.TheBankofChinaTowerusestriangularshapestohelpthingsgrow,andtheInternationalCommerceCentrehasroundedgesforsmoothenergyflow.OldIdeas,NewUsesLongago,theAztecsmadefloatinggardens.Egyptiansbuiltcoolhouses.Now,SingaporebeautifullymixestheseoldideaswithnewonesinitsGardensbytheBay,applyingbiomimicry,permaculture,andFengShui.LookingAheadWhencitiesworkwithnature,theysaveenergy,growfood,andfeelpeacefulWanttohelp?JoinEarthDay’stalksaboutcleanenergy.1.WhatistheadvantageofEastgateCenterinZimbabwe?A.Itisself-sufficient. B.Itisenergy-saving.C.Itisconvenientlylocated. D.Itistraditionallydesigned.2.WhatisspecialaboutŌtākaroOrchard?A.ItembracesFengshui. B.Itsurvivestheearthquake.C.Itfeedslocalcommunities. D.Itworksliketermitemounds.3.Whichcombinesthethreenature-inspiredapproaches?A.TheGardensbytheBay.B.TheBankofChinaTower.C.TheChristchurch’sŌtākaroOrchard.D.TheInternationalCommerceCentre.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了城市设计师如何利用仿生学、永久农业和风水等自然灵感设计城市，使城市更加节能、可持续且和谐宜居。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Biomimicry中“TheEastgateCentreinZimbabwecopiestermitemoundstostaycool.Itsthickbrickwallsabsorbheatbydayandreleaseitatnight.Coolairflowsinthroughopeningsatthebottom,loweringtemperaturesnaturally.Thisavoidscostlyairconditioning,savingover50%energyand$3.5millioncomparedtotraditionalbuilding.(津巴布韦的EastgateCentre模仿白蚁丘来保持凉爽。它厚厚的砖墙白天吸收热量，晚上释放热量。冷空气从底部的开口流入，自然降低温度。这避免了昂贵的空调费用，与传统建筑相比，节省了超过50%的能源和350万美元。)”可知，EastgateCentre的优势是节能。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Permaculture中“Christchurch’sŌtākaroOrchardcreatesself-sustainingfoodsystemsaftera2011earthquake.Thisprojectfeatures5publicfoodforests,26communitygardens,70food-producinggardensinschools,and26,000fruittreesonpublicland,whichhelpmakesurethere’senoughfoodincaseofdisasters.(2011年地震后，克赖斯特彻奇的ŌtākaroOrchard创建了自给自足的食品系统。该项目包括5个公共食物森林、26个社区花园、70个学校食物生产花园和公共土地上的26,000棵果树，这些都有助于确保在发生灾难时有足够的食物。)”可知，ŌtākaroOrchard的特别之处在于它为当地社区提供食物。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据OldIdeas,NewUses中“Now,SingaporebeautifullymixestheseoldideaswithnewonesinitsGardensbytheBay,applyingbiomimicry,permaculture,andFengShui.(现在，新加坡在其滨海湾花园中巧妙地将这些古老的理念与新的理念相结合，运用了仿生学、永久农业和风水。)”可知，滨海湾花园（GardensbytheBay）结合了三种自然启发的方法。故选A项。BLiDongju,a66-year-oldgrandmotherfromZhengzhou,hascycledalonethrough12countriesacrossAsia,Europe,andAustralia.Herjourneybeganin2013whenshesawcyclistsspeedingpast.“Beforecycling,Iwaslikeafroginawell,”sherecalls.“NowI’mawildwolf—freeandfearless!”In2005,Lidivorced.Shestruggledwithdepressionforyears.Withonly3,000yuanmonthlypension(退休金),Libudgetedcarefully.Tosavemoney,sheworkedasacleanerandhoteldishwasher.Hersongiftedherafoldingbike,andshetraveledcheaplybycampingorstayingwithlocals.HerfirstSoutheastAsiatripleftheraloneinVietnamafterlosinghergroup.Undeterred,shecontinuedtobikeacrossChina,accompaniedonlybyherbrownpetdogXili.In2017,LireturnedtoSoutheastAsia,thistimebetterequippedwithasmartphoneandatravelplan.Hercompanionschosetoreturnhomeafterthreeweeks,butLipressedon,cyclingthroughVietnam,Cambodia,Thailand,andMyanmar.By2019,shewasreadyforhermostambitiouschallengeyet:cyclingthroughsixEuropeancountriesover66days.InNovember,sheflewtoAustralia.AsshecycledalongthePacificHighway,aquietcoastalroad,shespottedsmokeshootingfromnearbybrushandalertedthelocalpolicewithavideosheshot,preventingaseriousfirefromdeveloping.“Iwassoproudofmyself.”Lisaid.“IfeltlikeI’ddonealittlebitforAustralia.”Thoughshelostherbackpackonce,sheremembersmostthestrangers’kindnessandbringsChineseknotstoshowgratitudetoallthosewhohavehelpedheroutoftroubleduringtravelling.Whenthepandemichelduphertravelsin2020,Lirealizedshe’dstoppedtakingpillsfordepression.NowplanningtoridefromKazakhstantoUAE,sheaimsfor100countries“Travelislikeadrug,”shesmiles.“Onceyoutasteit,youcan’tstop.”4.WhatinitiallyinspiredLiDongju’scyclingjourney?A.Herdoctor’ssuggestion. B.Herson’sencouragement.C.Seeingpassingcyclists. D.Recallingthetraveljournal.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Undeterred”inparagraph2mean?A.Notdetermined. B.Notdiscouraged.C.Notidentified. D.Notinjured.6.WhatdidLidotopreventafireinAustralia?A.Soundthealarmnearby. B.Putoutthefirewithwater.C.Informthepolicewithavideo. D.Guidefirefighterstothescene.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLi’sbikejourney?A.Toughbutlife-changing. B.Lonelybutcomfortable.C.Costlybutrewarding. D.Briefbutmeaningful.【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了来自郑州的66岁奶奶李东菊，2013年受骑行者启发开启独自骑行之旅，她经历离婚、抑郁等困境，凭借微薄退休金，通过打工省钱，独自或与宠物狗相伴骑行，游历亚洲、欧洲、澳大利亚多个国家，在旅途中收获成长，克服抑郁，这段骑行之旅艰苦却改变了她的生活。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Herjourneybeganin2013whenshesawcyclistsspeedingpast.(她的旅程始于2013年，当时她看到骑自行车的人飞驰而过)”可知，最初激发李东菊骑行之旅的是看到路过的骑行者。故选C项。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据前文“HerfirstSoutheastAsiatripleftheraloneinVietnamafterlosinghergroup.(她的第一次东南亚之旅，在与团队走散后，她独自留在了越南)”以及后文“shecontinuedtobikeacrossChina,accompaniedonlybyherbrownpetdogXili.(她继续在中国骑行，只有她棕色的宠物狗希利陪伴着她)”可知，尽管与团队走散独自在越南，她也没有气馁，继续骑行，所以“Undeterred”意思是“Notdiscouraged（不气馁的）”。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“InNovember,sheflewtoAustralia.AsshecycledalongthePacificHighway,aquietcoastalroad,shespottedsmokeshootingfromnearbybrushandalertedthelocalpolicewithavideosheshot,preventingaseriousfirefromdeveloping.(11月，她飞往了澳大利亚。当她沿着太平洋公路，一条安静的沿海公路骑行时，她发现附近灌木丛中冒出浓烟，并用拍摄的视频提醒了当地警方，从而阻止了一场严重火灾的发生)”可知，李东菊通过拍摄视频通知警方来阻止澳大利亚的火灾。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“In2005,Lidivorced.Shestruggledwithdepressionforyears.Withonly3,000yuanmonthlypension(退休金),Libudgetedcarefully.Tosavemoney,sheworkedasacleanerandhoteldishwasher.Hersongiftedherafoldingbike,andshetraveledcheaplybycampingorstayingwithlocals.HerfirstSoutheastAsiatripleftheraloneinVietnamafterlosinghergroup.(2005年，李女士离婚了。此后数年，她一直与抑郁症作斗争。李女士每月仅有3000元退休金，因此她精打细算。为了省钱，她当过清洁工和酒店洗碗工。她儿子送给她一辆折叠自行车，于是她通过露营或借住在当地人家的方式，开启了经济实惠的旅行。她的第一次东南亚之行，在与团队走散后，她独自留在了越南)”可知，她离婚后与抑郁作斗争，靠微薄退休金和打工省钱，旅途中还会遇到与团队走散等情况，可知骑行之旅很艰苦；再根据最后一段“Thoughshelostherbackpackonce,sheremembersmostthestrangers’kindnessandbringsChineseknotstoshowgratitudetoallthosewhohavehelpedheroutoftroubleduringtravelling.Whenthepandemichelduphertravelsin2020,Lirealizedshe’dstoppedtakingpillsfordepression.(虽然她曾经丢过背包，但她最记得的是陌生人的善意，并带上中国结来感谢所有在旅行中帮助她摆脱困境的人。2020年疫情阻碍了她的旅行时，李意识到她已经停止服用抗抑郁药物了)”可知，骑行之旅改变了她的生活，让她克服了抑郁。所以李东菊的骑行之旅艰苦但改变人生。故选A项。CThesmallPariscaféwasfilledwiththebittersmellofcoffeeandpeople’schatting.IsatacrossfromCharlesStricklandatawoodentable.Onceawealthybusinessmaninfinesuits,henowworeanoldcoatwithwhitepaintonitssleeves.WhenIaskedhimwhyheabandonedhiswifeandtwochildrenandmovedtothisplace,heremainedcalmandcold,explainingthatpaintinghadbecomeasimportanttohimasbreathingtoalivingcreature.Fortyyearsoldashewas,hebelievedthiswashisfinalopportunitytochangehislife.“Myrelativeswilltakecareofmyfamily,”hesaidwithoutanyguilt,asifhischildrenwerestrangershehadmetonlyonce.Formorethanayear,hehadliedtohiswifebytellingherhewasplayingcardswithfriendsintheevenings,butinrealityhewastakingartclassestolearnpainting.Withhishandsshakingslightly,hesaidinanurgentvoice,“Ihavetopaint.Whenamanfallsintothewater,itdoesn’tmatterhowheswims:hehastogetoutorelsehe’lldrown.”WhenIaskedhim“Whatwillyoudoifyouneverbecomesuccessful?”hejustrepeated,“Ihavetopaint.”Hisstrongdetermination,whichshowednosignofdoubtorregret,madeitclearthathehadcompletelyturneddownthenormalrulesofsociety.Lookingathiswornshoesandfingerswithdifferentcolorsofpaint,Ifinallysaid,“Youhavebecomeaheartlessman.”Tomysurprise,hejuststoodupcalmly,adjustedhisoldhat,andsuggested,“Let’sgofindsomewheretoeat.”Aroundus,waitersclearedtableswhilepeoplelaughedanddrankcoffee.Thesehappysoundsfeltstrangeafterourserioustalk,likesunshinebreakingthroughstormclouds.8.WhatdoweknowaboutStrickland’slifeinParis?A.Hesoughtsocialrecognition.B.Hemadefriendsincafeeasily.C.Hefeltlonelyafterleavinghisfamily.D.Helivedpoorlybutpursuedpainting.9.Whatmetaphor(隐喻)doesStricklandusetoexplainhissituationinparagraph3?A.Adrowningmanstrugglingtosurvive.B.Ashakinghandindicatingurgency.C.Astrongbreathessentialforlife.D.Afriendlyplayerinacardgame.10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesStrickland?A.Indifferentbutguilty. B.Coldbutdetermined.C.Selfishbuttraditional. D.Stubbornbutregretful.11.Whichreal-lifesituationreflectsthepassage?A.Arunnertrainsformedalswithpain.B.Ascientistbreaksrulesfordiscovery.C.Astudentattendsschoolforsportscareer.D.Abankerwritesdespitefamilyopposition.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了斯特里克兰德为了追求绘画梦想而放弃富裕生活和家庭的故事，展现了他为了追求艺术而打破常规和不顾一切的决心。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Onceawealthybusinessmaninfinesuits,henowworeanoldcoatwithwhitepaintonitssleeves.(他曾经是一个穿着考究的富商，现在却穿着一件袖子上有白漆的旧外套。)”以及第二段中“Formorethanayear,hehadliedtohiswifebytellingherhewasplayingcardswithfriendsintheevenings,butinrealityhewastakingartclassestolearnpainting.(一年多来，他一直对妻子撒谎，说晚上和朋友们打牌，但实际上他在上艺术课学习绘画。)”可知，斯特里克兰德在巴黎的生活贫困，但他仍在追求绘画。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Strickland所说的“Whenamanfallsintothewater,itdoesn’tmatterhowheswims:hehastogetoutorelsehe’lldrown.(当一个人掉进水里时，他怎么游并不重要：他必须出来，否则就会淹死。)”可知，斯特里克兰德用“一个溺水的人挣扎求生”来比喻自己的处境，强调他必须画画，否则就会像溺水者一样“淹死”。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“heremainedcalmandcold(他保持冷静和冷漠)”、第二段最后一句中的“hesaidwithoutanyguilt,asifhischildrenwerestrangershehadmetonlyonce(他毫无愧疚地说着，仿佛他的孩子们是他只见过一面的陌生人)”以及第四段中“Hisstrongdetermination,whichshowednosignofdoubtorregret,madeitclearthathehadcompletelyturneddownthenormalrulesofsociety.(他坚定的决心，没有丝毫的怀疑或遗憾，表明他完全拒绝了社会的正常规则。)”可知，斯特里克兰德冷漠但坚定。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“WhenIaskedhimwhyheabandonedhiswifeandtwochildrenandmovedtothisplace,heremainedcalmandcold,explainingthatpaintinghadbecomeasimportanttohimasbreathingtoalivingcreature.Fortyyearsoldashewas,hebelievedthiswashisfinalopportunitytochangehislife.(当我问他为什么抛弃妻子和两个孩子搬到这个地方时，他保持着冷静和冷漠，解释说绘画对他来说就如同呼吸对于生物一样重要。尽管他已经四十岁了，但他相信这是他改变人生的最后机会。)”以及第四段中“Hisstrongdetermination,whichshowednosignofdoubtorregret,madeitclearthathehadcompletelyturneddownthenormalrulesofsociety.(他坚定的决心，没有丝毫的怀疑或遗憾，表明他完全拒绝了社会的正常规则。)”可知，斯特里克兰德为了追求绘画梦想，不惜放弃富裕的生活和家庭，这反映了他为了追求艺术而打破常规、不顾一切的决心。D项“Abankerwritesdespitefamilyopposition.(银行家不顾家庭反对从事写作。)”与斯特里克兰德情况相似，都是为了个人追求，放弃原本富裕生活和家庭，打破了社会常规。故选D项。DCuriosity,therover(探测器)hasfoundstrongevidencethatMarsoncehadacarboncycle—aprocesscrucialforsustaininglife.WhileexaminingrocksinGaleCrater,theroverdiscoveredsiderite,aspecialmineralthatformswhencarbonmixeswithiron.ThissuggestsMars’environmentlongagowassimilartoearlyEarth’s.Thediscovery,publishedinScienceonApril17,makesscientistshopefulthatfutureMarssamplesmightshowsignsofpastlife.LeadresearcherBenTutolo,fromtheUniversityofCalgary,describedtheexcitementaboutthediscovery:“Whenwerealizedtheserockscontainedsomuchsiderite,Iknewitssignificanceimmediately.”ForEarth,carboncyclehasbeenkeytoitshabitability—cyclingcarbonbetweentheair,oceans,androcks,thusprovidingthekeymaterialforalllivingthingsandsettingthesuitableatmosphere.Mars,despitesignsofancientwater,hadnevershownevidenceofcarbonatesuntilnow.Findingrockswith5-10%sideritemeansMarshadahiddencarbonsourcewedidn’tknowabout.Sincelandingin2012,CuriosityhasbeenexploringGaleCrater,drillingintorocksandanalyzingthem.Recenttestsfoundnotjustsideritebutalsomagnesiumsulfatesalts(镁硫酸盐),whichmayhavehiddenthecarbonatesfromsatellites.TutolothinkssimilarmineralscouldexistalloverMars,possiblystoringmuchoftheplanet’slostCO2—agasthatoncekeptMarswarm.However,Mars’carboncycleappearstohavebeenunstable.UnlikeEarth,Marshasnoplatetectonics(板块构造运动)torecyclecarbon.Instead,acidicwater(PH<7)mayhavetrappedCO2inrocks,causingtheatmospheretoslowlydisappear.Overtime,thisturnedMarsintothecold,drydesertweseetoday—rightaroundthesameperiodwhenlifewasfirststartingonEarth.AlthoughthemissiontobringMarssamplesbacktoEarthisdelayed,Curiositykeepsstudyingtheplanet’srocks.ThesideritediscoveryhelpsexplainMars’uniquecarboncycle,whichweakenedastheplanetcooled.Whileit’sstillunclearwhetherthispreventedlife,thefindingsprovidecriticalinsightsintoMars’history.12.WhatisthesignificanceofthesideritediscoveryonMars?A.Itexploresitsvolcanichistory.B.Itprovesitoncehadliquidwater.C.Itsuggestsitcouldhavesupportedlife.DItshowshowitsmineralsformedrecently.13.Whatdoesthediscoveryofmagnesiumsulfateexplain?A.Whycarbonatesescapeddetection.B.Wherepotentiallifemightemerge.C.HowwaterdisappearedfromMars.D.WhentheRedPlanetbecamewarm.14.WhywasMarsunabletomaintainitscarboncycle?A.Ittrappedtoomuchwater. B.Itstemperaturewasunstable.C.Itsatmospherewastoothick. D.Itlackedearth-likeplatetectonics.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheRedPlanet’sChangeintoDesertB.TheOn-goingClimateChangeofMarsC.Curiosity’sNewTechnicalBreakthroughD.FromHiddenCarbonCycletoMars’Past【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“好奇号”探测器在火星上发现了菱铁矿，这一发现揭示了火星过去可能存在碳循环，为火星可能曾支持生命提供了重要线索，并探讨了火星碳循环不稳定的原因。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Curiosity,therover(探测器)hasfoundstrongevidencethatMarsoncehadacarboncycle—aprocesscrucialforsustaininglife.(“好奇号”探测器发现了强有力的证据，表明火星曾经有过碳循环——这是维持生命的关键过程。)”以及“Thediscovery,publishedinScienceonApril17,makesscientistshopefulthatfutureMarssamplesmightshowsignsofpastlife.(这一发现发表在4月17日的《科学》杂志上，让科学家们对未来的火星样本可能显示出过去生命的迹象充满希望。)”可知，菱铁矿的发现表明火星可能曾经存在碳循环，这是维持生命的关键过程，因此这一发现暗示火星可能曾经支持过生命存在。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Recenttestsfoundnotjustsideritebutalsomagnesiumsulfatesalts(镁硫酸盐),whichmayhavehiddenthecarbonatesfromsatellites.(最近的测试不仅发现了菱铁矿，还发现了硫酸镁盐，这些盐可能隐藏了碳酸盐，使其未被卫星探测到。)”可知，硫酸镁盐的发现解释了为什么碳酸盐没有被卫星探测到。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“However,Mars’carboncycleappearstohavebeenunstable.UnlikeEarth,Marshasnoplatetectonics(板块构造运动)torecyclecarbon.(然而，火星的碳循环似乎并不稳定。与地球不同，火星没有板块构造运动来循环碳。)”可知，火星无法维持其碳循环是因为它缺乏像地球那样的板块构造运动。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中“Curiosity,therover(探测器)hasfoundstrongevidencethatMarsoncehadacarboncycle—aprocesscrucialforsustaininglife.(“好奇号”探测器发现了强有力的证据，表明火星曾经有过碳循环——这是维持生命的关键过程。)”以及最后一段中“ThesideritediscoveryhelpsexplainMars’uniquecarboncycle,whichweakenedastheplanetcooled.(菱铁矿的发现有助于解释火星独特的碳循环，这一循环随着火星的冷却而减弱。)”可知，文章主要介绍了“好奇号”探测器在火星上发现了菱铁矿，这一发现揭示了火星过去可能存在碳循环，为火星可能曾支持生命提供了重要线索，并探讨了火星碳循环不稳定的原因。因此，D项“FromHiddenCarbonCycletoMars’Past(从隐藏的碳循环到火星的过去)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。DealingwithAppearanceAnxietyAppearanceanxietymeansworryingtoomuchabouthowyoulook,whichisespeciallycommonamongteenagers.____16____Forexample,spendinghourscheckingcarefullyeditedselfiesonsocialmediaorcomparingyourappearancewithothersoftenleadstonegativethoughts.Suchconstantworriesnotonlydamageself-confidencebutmayalsoleadtoavoidingsocialsituationslikeschooleventsorgroupactivities.Fortunately,therearewaystohandlethesefeelings.Thefirststepistopracticekindnesstowardyourself.Insteadofthinking“Myhairlooksmessy,”trysaying“Myhairprotectsmefromthesun.”____17____Also,writingdownthreethingsyourbodyhelpsyoudodaily(like“Myarmsletmehugmyfriends”)alsobuildslastingconfidence.Creativeactivitiesandsportsofferhealthywaystoshiftfocus.____18____Also,teamsportslikebasketballteachplayerstovalueskillsoverappearance,with72%ofplayersclaimingteamworkmakesthemvalueabilityoverappearance.Eveneasyactivitieslikewalkingcancalmyourmindbyproducingstress-relievingchemicals.____19____Choosefriendswhoavoidcommentsonlooksandjoinschoolclubsthatwelcomeeveryone.Adultsliketeacherscanteachhelpfultricks,likeusingappstorecordfeelingsorwaystostaypositive.Cuttingdowntimeonappsthatmakeyoucompareyourselfisanothersmartmove.Remember,truebeautyisn’taboutbeingperfectphysically.____20____Whenwecaremoreaboutbeingkindandbravethanlookingacertainway,westartseeingrealbeautyinwhopeopleare,notjusthowtheyappear.A.LimityourInternetexposure.B.Turntotrustedpeopleforhelp.C.Socialcomparisonisthemajorcause.D.Regularexerciseimprovesphysicalhealth.E.Suchchangesboosthowyouviewyourself.F.Itisaboutthespecialthingsthatmakeyou“you”.G.Paintinghelpsfocusoncreativityratherthanlooks.【答案】16.C17.E18.G19.B20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何应对外貌焦虑的方法，包括自我关怀、参与创造性活动和运动、寻求信任的人帮助以及认识到真正的美在于内在特质。【16题详解】根据上文“Appearanceanxietymeansworryingtoomuchabouthowyoulook,whichisespeciallycommonamongteenagers.(外貌焦虑指的是过度担心自己的外表，这种情况在青少年中尤为常见。)”以及下文“Forexample,spendinghourscheckingcarefullyeditedselfiesonsocialmediaorcomparingyourappearancewithothersoftenleadstonegativethoughts.(例如，花几个小时在社交媒体上查看精心编辑的自拍照，或者将自己的外表与他人进行比较，往往会导致消极的想法。)”可知，上文说明了外貌焦虑的成因，下文具体举例说明了原因，即与他人进行比较，C选项“Socialcomparisonisthemajorcause.(社会比较是主要原因。)”承上启下，且其中“Socialcomparison”与下文“comparingyourappearancewithothers”相呼应。故选C项。【17题详解】根据上文“Thefirststepistopracticekindnesstowardyourself.Insteadofthinking“Myhairlooksmessy,”trysaying“Myhairprotectsmefromthesun.”(第一步是对自己友善。不要想“我的头发看起来很乱”，试着说“我的头发保护我免受阳光的伤害。”)”以及下文“Also,writingdownthreethingsyourbodyhelpsyoudodaily(like“Myarmsletmehugmyfriends”)alsobuildslastingconfidence.(此外，写下你的身体每天帮你做的三件事（比如“我的手臂让我能拥抱朋友”）也能建立持久的自信。)”可知，此处应说明这种思维转变的作用，E选项“Suchchangesboosthowyouviewyourself.(这样的改变会提升你对自己的看法。)”，中的“Suchchanges”指代上文从消极想法到积极想法的转变，且“boosthowyouviewyourself”与下文“buildslastingconfidence”相呼应。故选E项。【18题详解】根据上文“Creativeactivitiesandsportsofferhealthywaystoshiftfocus.(创造性活动和运动提供了转移注意力的健康方式。)”以及下文“Also,teamsportslikebasketballteachplayerstovalueskillsoverappearance,with72%ofplayersclaimingteamworkmakesthemvalueabilityoverappearance.(此外，像篮球这样的团队运动教会运动员重视技能而非外表，72%的运动员表示团队合作让他们更重视能力而非外表。)”可知，上文提出创造性活动和运动可以转移对外貌的注意力，下文举例说明了团队运动的作用，G选项“Paintinghelpsfocusoncreativityratherthanlooks.(绘画有助于关注创造力而非外表。)”，举例说明了创造性活动的作用，与上下文构成并列关系。故选G项。【19题详解】根据下文“Choosefriendswhoavoidcommentsonlooksandjoinschoolclubsthatwelcomeeveryone.Adultsliketeacherscanteachhelpfultricks,likeusingappstorecordfeelingsorwaystostaypositive.Cuttingdowntimeonappsthatmakeyoucompareyourselfisanothersmartmove.(选择那些避免评论外表的朋友，加入欢迎每个人的学校俱乐部。像老师这样的成年人可以教一些有用的技巧，比如使用应用程序记录感受或保持积极的方法。减少花在那些让你与人攀比的应用程序上的时间是另一个明智之举。)”可知，本段主要讲的是向信任的人求助、选择合适的社交圈以及减少不良信息影响等，B选项“Turntotrustedpeopleforhelp.(向信任的人寻求帮助。)”，概括了段落中关于朋友和老师的建议，可作为段落主旨句。故选B项。【20题详解】根据上文“Remember,truebeautyisn’taboutbeingperfectphysically.(记住，真正的美不在于外表的完美。)”以及下文“Whenwecaremoreaboutbeingkindandbravethanlookingacertainway,westartseeingrealbeautyinwhopeopleare,notjusthowtheyappear.(当我们更关心善良和勇敢，而不是外表时，我们开始看到人们真正的美丽，而不仅仅是他们的外表。)”可知，上文提出真正的美不在于外表的完美，下文进一步说明真正的美在于内在特质，F选项“Itisaboutthespecialthingsthatmakeyou“you”.(它是关于那些让你成为“你”的特殊品质。)”，承接上文，说明真正的美在于个人独特的内在特质，且与下文“beingkindandbrave”等内在品质相呼应，与上下文构成递进关系。故选F项。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iclickedthebluelink:Signuphere.IhadrunaflathalfmarathonwhenIwasthirty-eight.ButIwasturningfifty.As____21____asrunning13.1milesseemed,Iwasgoingtodoit.Ihadimagineda____22____somewhereinsunnyCalifornia.Myjawdroppedinhorrorwhentheracewebsiteopened.Iwas____23____withthewords,“Zionatnight,half-marathoninthedarkness.”InmountainousZioninthedark?No!Wasittoolatetoquit?Myheart____24____whenIsawrunnerswithheadlampsandtrailshoesfilledthescreen.Idon’trunuphills.Iclickedontothenext____25____andlookedatthehappyrunnerscruisingalongsideaterrifying-lookingcliff.Iamalsoafraidof____26____.ButgivingupbeforeIevenstartedseemedlikeaterriblychickenthingtodo.Themorningoftherace,I____27____myheadlampandwalkedtothestartlinewithmyfriends.Westartedtogether,butI____28____quickly.Icouldn’tseeanythinganddidn’twantto____29____fallingontherockyroad.One____30____infrontoftheother.Mynerveswerequietedbythesilenceanddark.AsInearedtheend,thesunbegantorise,andrunnersgatheredatthescenicdrop-offtotakephotos.Itookalookfromadistance,____31____myfearofheightsandmydesiretosee.WhenI____32____tookafewstepscloser,abreathtakingscenecameintofullview.Iwasovercomebyanemotion:____33____.Onmywayback,Iheardanolderrunnersayitwashisseventy-sixthbirthday.It____34____mehardinthechest.SowhatifIwasfifty?Withthatonerace,I____35____myideaofwhatIamcapableof.Thepossibilitiesareendless.21.A.appealing B.exciting C.promising D.demanding22.A.beach B.course C.forest D.slope23.A.greeted B.impressed C.satisfied D.confused24.A.recovered B.ached C.sank D.burned25.A.stage B.field C.trail D.photo26.A.darkness B.heights C.failure D.crowds27.A.secured B.decorated C.repaired D.polished28.A.putaway B.gaveaway C.fellback D.broughtback29.A.delay B.avoid C.risk D.admit30.A.foot B.bow C.breath D.hop31.A.acknowledging B.balancing C.ignoring D.combining32.A.immediately B.suddenly C.casually D.hesitantly33.A.fright B.curiosity C.joy D.ambition34.A.hit B.guided C.pushed D.hurt35.A.reduced B.revised C.rejected D.redefined【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.D26.B27.A28.C29.C30.A31.B32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了即将五十岁的作者报名参加半程马拉松，却发现比赛是在夜晚的锡安（Zion）山区进行，这让有恐高和不擅长爬坡的作者十分犹豫，但最终还是坚持参加，并且在比赛中克服了恐惧，重新定义了自己能力的故事。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管跑13.1英里看起来要求很高，但我还是要去做（去参加）。A.appealing吸引人的；B.exciting令人兴奋的；C.promising有希望的；D.demanding要求高的、费力的。根据上文“ButIwasturningfifty.”可知，作者即将50岁了，因此跑13.1英里是一项“有较高要求的”事情。故选D项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我曾想象过在阳光明媚的加利福尼亚某处有一条赛道。A.beach海滩；B.course赛道；C.forest森林；D.slope斜坡。根据上文“Ihadrunaflathalfmarathon”以及下文“somewhereinsunnyCalifornia”可知，作者参加的是马拉松比赛，所以此处描述的是作者想象的在加利福尼亚的某个地方有一条“赛道”。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看到第一个词是“锡安之夜，黑暗中的半程马拉松”。A.greeted映入眼帘，问候；B.impressed使留下深刻印象；C.satisfied使满意；D.confused使困惑。根据上文“whentheracewebsiteopened.”可知，网站打开后，首先看到的就是这些文字，greeted在此表示“映入眼帘”，符合语境。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到屏幕上满是戴着头灯和穿着越野鞋的跑步者时，我的心一沉。A.recovered恢复；B.ached疼痛；C.sank下沉，沮丧；D.burned燃烧。根据上文“InmountainousZioninthedark?No!Wasittoolatetoquit?”可知，作者对比赛的地点感到恐惧，所以此处表示的是当作者看到屏幕上满是戴着头灯和穿着越野鞋的跑步者时，心里会感到“沮丧”。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我点击下一张照片，看到快乐的跑步者沿着看起来很可怕的悬崖边驰骋。A.stage舞台；B.field领域；C.trail小径；D.photo照片。根据上文“Iclickedontothenext”以及下文“lookedatthehappyrunnerscruisingalongsideaterrifying-lookingcliff”可知，此处描述的是作者浏览网站上的照片，所以此处指的是作者点击下一张“照片”，符合语境。故选D项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也恐高。A.darkness黑暗；B.heights高度；C.failure失败；D.crowds人群。根据上文“alongsideaterrifying-lookingcliff”以及下文“____11____myfearofheightsandmydesiretosee.”可知，作者恐“高”。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：比赛那天早上，我固定好头灯，和朋友们一起走到起跑线。A.secured固定；B.decorated装饰；C.repaired修理；D.polished擦亮。根据上文“Myheart____4____whenIsawrunnerswithheadlampsandtrailshoesfilledthescreen.”以及下文“walkedtothestartlinewithmyfriends”可知，作者要参加比赛，所以作者也像其他人一样，把头灯“固定”在头上，和朋友们一起走到起跑线。故选A项。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们一起出发，但我很快就落后了。A.putaway把……收起来；B.gaveaway赠送；C.fellback落后；D.broughtback带回。根据下文“Icouldn’tseeanythinganddidn’twantto____9____fallingontherockyroad.”可知，作者在比赛中因看不清路而“落在了后面”。故选C项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我什么也看不见，不想冒在岩石路上摔倒风险。A.delay延迟；B.avoid避免；C.risk冒险；D.admit承认。根据上文“Icouldn’tseeanything”以及下文“fallingontherockyroad”可知，作者看不到路，所以此处表示的是作者不想“冒险”在布满岩石的路上摔倒。故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一步一步地（向前走）。A.foot脚；B.bow弓；C.breath呼吸；D.hop单脚跳行。根据上文“Icouldn’tseeanythinganddidn’twantto____9____fallingontherockyroad.”以及下文“Mynerveswerequietedbythesilenceanddark.”可知，作者看不到路，不想冒险摔倒，所以此处表示的是作者小心翼翼地“一步一步”地跑。故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在恐高和想看风景之间做着权衡。A.acknowledging承认；B.balancing平衡，权衡；C.ignoring忽视；D.combining结合。根据上文“AsInearedtheend,thesunbegantorise,andrunnersgatheredatthescenicdrop-offtotakephotos.Itookalook