英语阅读理解真题附答案

英语阅读理解真题及答案一独家整理复习笔记知识点22.ThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappear

PassageOnedistasteful,theaudience.

Questions21to25arcbasedonthefollowingpassage:A)remainfascinatedbythem

B)arereadytofaceuptothem

Inihcworldofentertainment,TVtalkshowshaveC)remainindiflercntlothem

undoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevision.D)aiewillingtogetinvolvedinthem

Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachone23.WhichofthefollowingislikelylobeatopicofiheOprah

variesinstyleandformat.ButnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyWinfreyshow?

oppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetheA)Anewtypeofrobot.

rest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWnfreyshows.B)Racisthatred.

JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingof“trashC)Familybudgetplanning.

talk(废话)ThetopicsonhisshowareasshockingasshockingD)Streetviolence.

canbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheevsr-commontalkshow24.Despitetheirdifferentapproaches,thetwotalkshowsare

themesoflove,sex,cheating,guilt,hate,conflictandmoralilytoaboth.

differentlevel.Clearly,theJeirySpringershowisadisplayandA)ironical

exploitationofsociety'smoralcatastrophes(灾难),yetpeoplearcB)sensitive

willingtoeatuptheintriguingpredicaments(困境)ofotherC)instructive

people'slives.D)cynical

LikeJerrySpringer,OpryhWinfreylakesTVtalkshowloits25.WecanlearnfromthepassagethuttheIwotalkshows

extreme,butOprahgoesintheoppositedirection.Theshow

focusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividual'squalityA)havemonopolizedthetalkshowcircuit

oflife.Topicsrangefromteachingyourchildrenresponsibility,B)exploittheweaknessesinhumannature

managingyourworkweek,togettingtoknowyourneighbors.C)appearatdifferenttimesoftheday

ComparedtoOprah,theJerrySpringershowlookslikeD)aretargetedatdifferentaudiences

poisonouswastebeingdumpedonsociety.JerryendseveryshowPassageTwo

witha“finalword”.HemakesasmallspeechthatsumsuptheQuestions26to30arcbasedonthefollowingpassage:

entiremoraloftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwheremost

peoplewillIcainsomethingveryvaluable.Touiidcisiandihcinaikciingconcept,i(isonlynecessaryto

Cleanasitis,theOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow'sunderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoo

maintargetaudiencearcmiddle-classAmericans.Mostofthesemanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyonthe

peoplehavethetime.Money,andstabilitytodealwithlife'sefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasive

tougherproblems.JerrySpringer,ontheotherhand,hasmoreofansalesmanship“totnoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Such

associationwith(heyoungadultsofsociety,llieseare18-toproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproduce

21-year-oldswhosemaintroublesinlifeinvolvelove,relationship,goodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.

sex,moneyandpeers.TheyarctheoneswhoseesomevalueandMarketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsof

lessonstobelearnedunderneaththeshow'sexploitation.consumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesand

Whilethetwoshowsarcasditterentasnightandday.Botl)demandsofconsumersandthenpnxlucinggoodsthatwillsatisfy

haveruledthetalkshowcircuitformanyyearsnow.Eachonethem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthe

caterstoadifferentaudiencewhilebothhaveastrongfollowingmarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingto

fromlargegroupsoffans.Ironically,bothcouldalsobeconsideredsellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersand

pioneeisinthetalkshowworld.dealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuy

21.ComparedwithotherTVtalkshows,boththeJerrySpringerandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.

andtheOprahWinfreyare.Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolent(慈善

A)morefamily-oriented的)orthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitina

B)unusuallypopularcompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction

C)moreprofound-rhefirmandthecustomer-andeachmustbesatisfiedbefore

D)relativelyformaltradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandpnxlucers,however.

recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandinghostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativity

andcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.

cateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,whenCocaRecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,

Colachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthesuggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplexto

newflavorbyasignificanlportionofthepublicbroughtaboutadeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptions

promptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutives

alongsidethenewKingCustomerruled!workedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfor

26.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence.not-for-profitorganizations.

Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfound(hatopinionsabout

A)thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoneyconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeof

B)makinggoodsavailableforpurchaseorganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizations

C)thecustomer-cenlrcdapproachstronglybelievedthatconllictwasbeneficiallotheirorganizations

D)aformofpersuasivesalesmanshipandthatiipromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbe

27.WhatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforetheachievedintheabsenceofconHict.

marketingconceptwaswidelyaccepted?Managersoffbr-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.

A)Theneedsofthemarket.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyled

B)Tlieefficiencyofproduction.topoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenk

C)Thesatisfactionoftheuser.interpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffective

D)Thepreferencesofthedealer.decisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seeking

28.Accordingtothepassage,<4tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoften

aspossible''(Lincs3-4.Para.I)means"assessedinfinanciallerms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensus

A)tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoodsratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.

B)totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossibleInthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-making

C)todisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantitieseffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfying

D)toredesignthesegoodsforlarge-scaleproductionconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociated

29.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?withsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecu:ivesperceivedthat

A)Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemiijorityofconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.

people.31.Inihceye6of(heauthoi,conventionalopiniononconflictis

B)Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythe

public.A)v/rong

C)ConsumerswithconservativetastesareoftendifficulttoB)oversimplified

please.C)misleading

D)ProductsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteoftheD)unclear

consumer.32.ProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk'sresearchshows

30.Indiscussingthemarketingconcept,ihcauthorIbcuseson

A)theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflict

A)itsmaincharacteristicB)therealvalueotcontlict

B)itssocialimpactC)thedifficultyindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflict

C)itspossibleconsequenceD)thecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict

D)itstheoreticalbasis33.WecanleamfromSchwenk'sresearchthat.

A)aperson'sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeof

PassageThreehisorganization

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:B)conflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profit

organizations

ConventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutC)differentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentways

anddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathy(冷漠)andstagnationD)iiisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidcontlict

(呆滞).Toomuchconflictleadstodivisiveness(分裂)and34.Tliepassagesuggeststhatinfbr-profitorganizations

ManufacturersareaddingvitaminsA.D.E.andKaswellas

A)thereisnoendofconflictcarotenoidstotheirproductsnow.Evenso,somenutritionistsare

B)expressionofdifferentopinionsisencouragedstillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffood

C)decisionsmustbejustifiablemadewith(hefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmany

D)successliesingeneralagreementcaloricstheyarcconsuming.

35.Peopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization36.Welearnfromthepassagethatolestra:sasubstancethat

A)seemtobedifficulttosatisfyA)containsplentyofnutrients

B)arefreetoexpressdiverseopinionsB)rendersfoodscalorie-freewhileretainingtheirvitamins

C)arelessetTectiveinmakingdecisionsC)makesfoodseasilydigestible

D)finditeasiertoreachagreementD)makesfoodsfat-freewhilekeepingthemdelicious

37.Theresultofthesearchforaneasilydigestiblefatturnedout

PassageFourtobe.

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:A)commerciallyuseless

B)justasanticipated

Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwant—withnoneofC)somewhatcontroversial

thefat.Thatwouldbegreat,wouldn'tit?D)quiteunexpected

New4tfakefatMproductsappearedonstoreshelvesinthe38.Olestraisdifferentfromordinaryfatsinthat.

UnitedStalesrecently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.MakersA)itpassesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingabsorbed

oftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra.sayfoodB)iifacilitatestheabsorptionofvitaminsbythebody

manufacturerscannoweliminatefatfromcertainfoods.Critics,C)ilhelpsreducetheincidenceofheartdisease

however,saythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialD)itpreventsexcessiveintakeofvitamins

viiamirsand，〃〃万,(营养物)andcanalsocauseunpleasantside39.Whalisapossiblenegativeeffectofolestrsaccordingtosome

effectsinsomepeople.Soit'suptoconsumerstodecidewhethercritics?

thenewfat-freeproductstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.A)I:mayimpairthedigestivesystem.

Chemistsdiscoveredoleslrainthelate1960s,whentheywereB)Iimayafiecttheoverallfatintake.

searchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.C)Ilmayincreasetheriskofcancer.

InMeadoffindingthedcsiicdfat,the心caichcrscicatcdafa(thatD)I:manyspoilthecunsuincis'appclilc.

can'tbedigestedatall.40.Whyarenutritionistsconcernedaboutaddingvitaminsto

Nonnally,specialchemicalsintheintestines(肠)“grab"oleslra?

moleculesofregularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedA)I:mayleadtotheover-consumptionofvitamins.

bythebody.AmoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculeB)Peoplemaybeinducedtoeatmorethanisnecessary.

ofsubstancescalledfattyacids.C)Thefunctionoftheintestinesmaybeweakened.

ThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwithD)I:maytriggeranewwaveoffakefoodproduction.

themtheessentialvitaminsA,D,E,andK.Whenfalmoleculesarc答案：

presentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitamins,thevitamins21.B22.A23.C24.C25.D26.C27.B28.A29.D30.A

attachto(hemoleculesandarccarriedintothebloodstream.31.B32.C33.A34.1335.B36.D37.D38.A39.C40.B

Olestra.whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffiitty

acids,istoolargefortheintestinestoabsorb.1(justslidesthrough20006英语阅读理解真题及答案

theintestineswithoutbeingbrokendown.Manufacturerssayit'sPassageOne

thatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughtheintestinesthatmakesQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

olestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.1(providesconsumerswith

thetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.ButInthe1920sdemandforAmericanfarmproductsfell,as

criticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsA,D.E,andKfrombeingEuropeancountriesbegantorecoverfromWorldWarIand

absorbed.Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids(类胡萝institutedausterity(紧缩)programstoreducetheirimports.The

卜素)，compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heartdisease,resultwasasharpdropinfannprices.Thisperiodwasmore

etc.disastrousforfannersthanearliertimeshadbeen,becausefanners

werenolongerself-sufficient.Theywerepayingformachinery,C)wouldbenefitneitherthegovernmentnorthefanners

seed,andfertilizer,andtheywerealsobuyingconsumergoods.D)benefitedonegroupofcitizensattheexpenseofothers

Thepr.cesoftheitemsfarmersboughtrenainedconstant,while25.ItwasclaimedthatthenewlawspassedduringtheRoosevelt

pricestheyreceivedfortheirproductsfell.ThesedevelopmentsAdministrationwereaimedat.

weremadeworsebytheGreatDepression,whichbeganin1929A)reducingthecostoffarming

andextendedthroughoutthe1930sB)conservingsoilinthelong-terminterestofthenation

In1929,underPresidentHerbertHoover,theFederalFannC)loweringtheburdenoffanners

Boardwasorganized.ItestablishedtheprincipleofdirectD)helpingfarmerswithoutshiftingtheburdenontoother

interferencewithsupplyanddemand,andilrepresentedthefirsttaxpayers

nationalconimitnienttoprovidegreatereconomicstabilityfor

fanners.PassageTwo

PresidentHoover'ssuccessorattachedevenmoreimportanceQuestions26to30arcbasedonthefollowingpassage:

tothisproblem.OneofthefirstmeasuresproposedbyPresident

FranklinD.Rooseveltwhenhetookofficein1933wastheInthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)

AgricifturalAdjustmentAct,whichwassubsequentlypassedbypredictedthat,bytheendofthiscentuiy,ccmputerswouldbe

Congress.ThislawwasdeclaredunconstitutionalbytheSupremeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingour

Courtonthegroundsthatgeneraltaxeswerebeingcollectedtopayhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they'renowhereclose

onespecialgroupofpeople.However,newlawswerepassedtoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirations

immediatelythatachievedthesameresultofrestingsoilandforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexas

providingflood-controlmeasures,butwhichwerebasedontheconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliably

principleofsoilconservation.TheRooseveltAdministrationrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryof(asksfora

believedthatrebuildingthenation'ssoilwasinthenationalinterestten-month-oldkid.

andwasnotsimplyaplantohelpfannersaltheexpenseofotherAgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethe

citizens.Laterthegovernmentguaranteedloanstofannerssothatfieldweniwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhas

theycouldbuyfannmachinery,hybrid(杂交)grain,andfertilizers.beentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,

2i.WhatbroughtaboutthedeclineinthedemandtorAmericanlikelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,

farmproducts?step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI.ontheotherhand,

A)TheimpactoftheGicatDcpicssiou.takesacloserlookalthemoicloundabuutwayinwhichnatuic

B)Theshrinkingofoverseasmarkets.cameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudy

C)ThedestructioncausedbytheFirstWorldWar.evolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicand

D)TheincreasedexportsofEuropeancountries.conventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputers

22.ThechiefconcernoftheAmericangovernmentintheareaofandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.

agricultureinthe1920swas.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyare

A)toincreasefarmproductionpeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybut

B)toestablishagricuhurallawssurelymovingtoiheforefrontofihcfield.

C)topreventfarmersfromgoingbankraptImitatingthebrain'sneural(神经的)networkisahugestepin

13)lopromotethemechanizationotagriculturetherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicist

23.TheAgricultunilAdjustmentActencouragedAmericanMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnatunil

farmersto.intelligence.^Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupof

A)reducetheirscaleofproductioncolor-codedtransistors,heexplains,l'butit'snotsimplyaclever

B)makefulluseoftheirlandnetworkcfswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingon

C)adjustthepricesoftheirfarmproductsinsidethebraincellsthemselves."Specifically,Conradbelieves

D)beself-sufficientinagriculturalproductionthatmanyofthebrain'scapabilitiesstemfromthe

24.TheSupremeCourtrejectedtheAgriculturalAdjustmentActpaltcrn-recognitionproficiencyof(heindividualmoleculesthat

becauseitbelievedthattheAct.makeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificially

A)mightcausegreaterscarcityoffarmproductsintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesame

B)didn'tgivetheSecretaryofAgricultureenoughpowersortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow.thenotionthatconvenConalcomputersandQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

softwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocesses

thattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.ButifitprovesCarsaccountforhalftheoilconsumedintheU.S.,abouthalf

true,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturntheurbanpollutionandonefourththegreenhcfuse(温室)gases.

outtobetheonlygameintown.Theytakeasimilartollof(损耗)resourcesinotherindustrial

26.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftodaynationsandinthecitiesofthedevelopingworld.Asvehicleuse

continuestoincreaseinthecomingdecade,theU.S.andother

A)arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobjectcountrieswillhavetodealwiththeseissuesorelseface

B)areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehaviorunacceptableeconomic,health-relatedandpoliticalcosts.Itis

C)arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofunlikelythatoilpriceswillremainattheircurrentlowlevelorthat

the50'sothernationswillacceptalargeandgrowingU.S.contributionto

D)stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanglobalclimalicchange.

languagePolicymakersandindustryhavefouroptions:reducevehicle

27.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfromuse,increasetheefficiencyandreduce(heemissionsof

conventionalgasoline-poweredvehicles,switchtolessharmful

A)theshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionofthefuels,orfindlesspollutingdrivingsystems.Thelastofthese-in

shapesofobjectsparticulartheintrtxluctionofvehiclespoweredbyelectricity—is

B)thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedultimatelytheonlysustainableoption.Theotheralternativesare

withlogical,step-by-stepprogramsattractiveintheorybutinpruclicearceitherimpracticaloroffer

C)theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofonlymarginalimprovements.Forexample,reducedvehicleuse

alen-monlh-oldchildcouldsolvetrafficproblemsandahostofsocialandenvironmental

D)theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyoftheproblems,butevidencefromaroundtheworldsuggeststhatitis

siinilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincellsverydifficult(omakepeoplegiveuptheircarstoanysignificant

28.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingextent.IntheU.S.,mass-transittidershipandcarpooling(合伙用

enormouseffortsto.乍)havedeclinedsinceWorldWarII.EveninwesternEurope,

A)findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputerswithfuelpricesaveragingmorethan$1aliter(about$4agallon)

B)buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitchesandwitheasilyaccessiblemasstransitanddensepopulations,cars

C)findouthowiiHclIigcuccdevelopedinnatuicstillaccouiHfui80pciccniofallpasscngcitiavcl.

D)separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthoughtImprovedenergyefficiencyisalsoappealing,butautomotive

29.What'stheauthor'sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?fueleconomyhasbarelymadeanyprogressin19years.Alternative

A)Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialinteiiigencefuelssuchasnaturalgas.burnedininternal-combustionengines,

researchersbutwillsoondieout.couldbeintroducedatrelativelylowcost,buttheywouldleadto

B)It'sbreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.onlymarginalreductionsinpollutionandgreenhouseemissions

C)It'smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientific(especiallybecauseoilcompaniesarealreadyspendingbillionsof

effort.dollarseveryyeartodeveloplesspollutingtypesofgasoline).

D)Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyis31.Fromthepassageweknowthattheincreaseduseofcarswill

sureoiitsfutureprospects.

3().WhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephraseA)consumehalfoftheoilproducedintheworld

"heonlygameintown',(Line3,Para.4)?B)haveseriousconsequencesforthewell-beingofallnations

A)TheonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentC)widenthegapbetweenthedevelopedanddevelopingcountries

computer.D)imposeanintolerableeconomicburdenonresidentsoflarge

B)TheonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartiGcialinlelligencecities

research.32.TheU.S.hastodealwiththeproblemsarisingfromvehicle

C)Theonlyareaworthstudyingincompulcrscience.usebecause.

D)Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.A)mostAmericansarereluctanttoswitchtopublictransportation

systems

PassageThreeB)thepresentlevelofoilpricesisconsideredunacceptable

C)othercountrieswillprotestitsincreasinggreenhouseemissionsimposed1milsonthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberof

D)itsh