高中英语外研版（2019）必修Unit 4 Using language

SectionⅡUsinglanguage1重难语法·要攻克

目录2知识要点·须拾遗3课时检测·提能力重难语法·要攻克掌握核心语法1定语从句（1）

①The

earthquake

that/which

hit

the

city

in

1906

was

the

biggest

in

American

history.②We

don’t

know

the

number

of

people

who/that

lost

their

homes

in

the

disaster.③Harry

is

the

boy

whose

mother

is

our

maths

teacher.④The

only

thing

that

is

wrong

with

this

is

what

my

brother

said

to

me

the

other

day.⑤The

teacher

whom/who/that

you

are

waiting

for

is

coming.【我的发现】1.

句②、⑤中的定语从句分别使用了关系代词who/that和

whom/who/that，在定语从句中作

或

⁠。2.

句①中的定语从句使用了关系代词that/which，在定语从句中

作

⁠。3.

句③中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose，在定语从句中作

⁠

，既可以指人也可以指物。4.

句④中的定语从句使用了关系代词that，当先行词被the

only，

the

very，

the

last等修饰时，关系代词只能用

⁠。主语宾语主语定

语that

一、定语从句的定义与关系词的分类1.

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从

句的词叫关系词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2.

关系词分为关系代词（that，

which，

who，

whom，

whose，

as

等）和关系副词（when，

where，

why等）两类。中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。二、关系代词的基本用法1.

who指人，在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时

可省略。The

children

who

were

injured

in

a

car

accident

are

being

treated

in

the

hospital

now.在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。Danny

is

the

man

（who）

we

rescued

from

the

ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。2.

whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，也可以用who代

替。The

boy

（whom）

the

teacher

often

praises

is

their

monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。3.

whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句

中作定语。I

know

the

person

whose

house

was

destroyed

in

the

earthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。He

lives

in

a

room

whose

window

faces

north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。【即时演练1】

用who/whom/whose填空①The

boy

is

running

on

the

playground

is

the

best

runner

in

our

school.②The

two

pupils

you

taught

three

years

ago

have

become

drivers.③I

am

a

fan

of

the

famous

writer，

novels

have

been

translated

into

many

other

languages.④After

listening

to

the

scientists

had

studied

the

problem，

the

government

turned

to

the

UN

for

help.who

who/whom

whose

who

4.

which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可

以省略。The

pen

（which）

you

found

yesterday

is

mine.昨天你找到的那支钢笔是我的。The

little

girl

is

having

an

apple

which

is

big

and

red.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。5.

that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表

语，作宾语时可以省略。The

number

of

people

that/who

come

to

visit

this

city

each

year

reaches

one

million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。（that指人，作主语）The

suitcase

that/which

lies

on

the

ground

is

hers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。（that指物，作主语）名师点津关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此

定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。[误]The

film

（that/which）

we

saw

it

last

night

is

very

frightening.[正]The

film

（that/which）

we

saw

last

night

is

very

frightening.【即时演练2】

用适当的关系代词填空①Do

you

know

the

man

is

waiting

outside

the

door？②The

girl

is

familiar

to

me；

maybe

she

is

the

girl

I

met

in

the

street

yesterday.③The

reason

she

gave

for

not

coming

to

the

party

puzzled

all

of

the

people

present.④They

are

looking

for

people

want

to

join

the

Reading

Club.who/that

who/whom/that

which/that

who/that

三、关系词只能用that而不能用which的情况1.

当先行词为all，

everything，

nothing，

anything，

much等不定代

词时。Have

you

taken

down

everything

that

Mr

Li

said？李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？

All

that

can

be

done

has

been

done.所有能做的都做了。2.

当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The

first

place

that

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。

This

is

the

most

delicious

food

that

I

have

ever

had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。3.

当先行词被all，

every，

no，

the

only，

the

very，

the

last等

修饰时。That’s

the

only

thing

that

we

can

do

now.那是我们目前唯一能做的事。I

have

found

the

very

pen

that

I

lost

yesterday.我已找到昨天丢的那支钢笔。

4.

当先行词既指人，又指物时。

We

often

talk

about

the

persons

and

things

that

we

remember.我们常

常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。【即时演练3】补全句子①This

is

the

most

beautiful

park

⁠.这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。②She

took

photographs

of

the

things

and

people

⁠

⁠.她把她感兴趣的事物和人都拍摄下来了。③Reading

was

interested

her

most.读书是唯一让她最感兴趣的事。that

I

have

visited

that

she

was

interested

in

the

only

thing

that

知识要点·须拾遗关注高频词汇2

inspiring

adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的【教材原句】

Her

ideas

are

always

inspiring.她的想法总是鼓舞

人心的。【用法】（1）inspire

v.

激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感inspire

sb

to

do

sth

激励某人做某事inspire

sb

with

sth＝inspire

sth

in

sb

使某人产生（感觉或情感）（2）inspired

adj.

受到鼓舞的（3）inspiration

n.

灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）【佳句】Professor

Li

is

an

excellent

lecturer，

whose

lectures

are

always

inspiring.李教授是一名优秀的讲师，她的讲座总是鼓舞人心。【练透】单句语法填空①Believe

it

or

not，

the

good

news

inspired

us

hope.②We

should

inspire

the

students

（think）

by

themselves.③Dreams

can

be

a

rich

source

of

（inspire）

for

an

artist.with

to

think

inspiration

【写美】补全句子④Reading

in

school

is

always

a

⁠.在学校读书总是一段令人愉快和鼓舞人心的经历。pleasant

and

inspiring

experience

comfort

n.安慰，慰藉v.安慰【教材原句】

...one

glass

of

comfort，

two

drops

of

patience，

one

bag

of

passion

...……一杯安慰，两滴耐心，一袋激情……（1）in

comfort

舒适地；放松地be

a

comfort

to

对……是一种安慰It

comforts

sb

to

do

sth做某事让某人得到安慰words

of

comfort

安慰的话（2）comfortable

adj.

安慰的；舒适的【用法】【佳句】We

find

comfort

in

giving

care

and

receiving

care

in

return.我们在给予关怀和得到关怀中找到安慰。【生义】

comfort还可意为“舒适的设施（或条件）”，通常用复数

形式。modern

comforts现代化的舒适设施。【练透】单句语法填空①It

comforted

her

（feel）

her

mother’s

arms

around

her.②This

will

enable

the

audience

to

sit

comfort

while

watching

the

shows.③Only

in

this

way

can

we

live

in

more

（comfort）

and

beautiful

surroundings.to

feel

in

comfortable

【写美】补全句子④

that

you

have

had

fun

staying

here.得知你在这里过得很愉快，我感到很欣慰。It

is

a

comfort

to

know

patience

n.耐心【教材原句】

...one

glass

of

comfort，

two

drops

of

patience，

one

bag

of

passion

...……一杯安慰，两滴耐心，一袋激情……（1）with

patience

（＝patiently）耐心地lose

one’s

patience

失去耐心lose

patience

with

对……失去耐心have

the

patience

to

do

sth有耐心做某事（2）patient

adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的

n.

病人be

patient

with

sb

对某人有耐心（3）patiently

adv.

耐心地【用法】【佳句】He

walked

so

slowly

that

his

brother

lost

patience

with

him.他走得太慢，以至于他哥哥对他不耐烦了。【练透】单句语法填空①Bob

is

a

little

slow

in

understanding，

so

we

have

to

be

patient

him.②

（patient）

is

one

of

the

most

important

qualities

teachers

need

to

teach

children

with

special

needs.with

Patience

【写美】补全句子③Whenever

I

made

mistakes，

the

teacher

pointed

them

out

⁠

⁠.无论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。with

patience/patiently

quality

n.[C]素质，品德；[U，

C]质量，品质；[U，

C]特征，

特色adj.优质的；高质量的【教材原句】

a

quality

that

offers

help

to

others给予别人帮助的品质【用法】of

good/high/poor

quality

质量好/高/差的improve

the

quality

of

life

提高生活质量in

quality

在质量上quality

of

life

生活质量personal

qualities

个人品质【佳句】Nowadays

people

are

very

concerned

about

the

safety

and

quality

of

food.如今，人们非常关心食品的安全与质量。【点津】

（1）quality作“质量”讲时常用作不可数名词，而作“品

质”讲时多用作可数名词。（2）quantity意为“数量”，与quality形近意异。【练透】单句语法填空①The

printer

is

good

quality.If

it

broke

down

within

the

first

year，

we

would

repair

it

at

our

expense.in

【写美】补全句子②My

goal

is

to

provide

my

children

with

⁠.我的目标是为我的孩子们提供高质量的生活。③As

is

reported，

has

improved

over

the

past

six

months.据报道，这个城市的空气质量在过去的六个月有了改善。a

life

of

high

quality

the

air

quality

in

the

city

anxious

adj.焦虑的，不安的【教材原句】

the

ability

to

wait

without

becoming

anxious

or

angry

一种在没有焦虑或生气的情况下等待的能力【用法】（1）be

anxious

about

为……担心/担忧be

anxious

for

渴望……be

anxious

to

do

sth

渴望做某事（2）anxiety

n.

担心；焦虑；渴望with

anxiety

（＝anxiously）焦虑地（3）anxiously

adv.

焦急地；焦虑地【助记】

The

competition

is

over，

but

he

is

very

anxious

about

the

result，

because

he

is

anxious

to

win

first

prize，

which

is

his

dream.比赛结束了，但他很担心结果，因为他渴望获得一等奖，这是他

的梦想。【练透】单句语法填空①The

drought

had

lasted

several

months，

which

made

farmers

anxious

the

harvest.②She

looked

up

（anxious）

when

her

father

entered

the

room.about

anxiously

【写美】补全句子③I

was

told

the

Learning

Center

provides

help

for

students

and

⁠

from

you.有人告诉我学习中心为学生提供帮助，我渴望得到你的帮助。I’m

anxious

to

get

help

distance

v.使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系n.距离，间距【教材原句】

...

or

use

a

past

tense

to

distance

yourself

from

the

suggestion

...……或者用一个过去时态撇清你与这个建议的关系……（1）distance

oneself

from

使（自己）远离……；使自己与……保持距离in

the

distance

在远处at

a

distance

of

...

在……远处within

walking

distance

在步行距离内keep

sb

at

a

distance

同某人疏远；对某人冷淡；与某人保持一定距离（2）distant

adj.

遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的a

distant

relative

远房亲戚【用法】【佳句】We

think

it

would

be

best

if

you

would

distance

yourself

from

her.我们觉得你最好和她保持距离。【练透】单句语法填空①The

beautiful

beach

is

walking

distance

of

my

house.②A

shark

can

smell

blood

a

distance

of

half

a

kilometer.③You’d

better

keep

that

dog

a

distance

in

case

it

bites

you.within

at

at

【写美】补全句子④The

boy

who

is

standing

has

a

gift

for

writing.站在远处的那个男孩很有写作天赋。in

the

distance

课时检测·提能力培育学科素养3维度一：基础题型练单句语法填空1.

Teaching

young

children

is

not

easy

but

challenging，

which

needs

great

（patient）

and

skill.2.

We

can

learn

from

the

book

that

we

should

treat

others

with

kindness，

（generous）

and

love.patience

generosity

3.

Genius

is

one

per

cent

（inspire）

and

ninety-nine

per

cent

perspiration.4.

Surrounded

by

thick

forests，

the

small

village

is

beautiful

and

（comfort）

to

live

in.5.

We

had

arranged

to

meet

at

the

railway

station，

but

to

our

⁠

（anxious），

she

didn’t

turn

up.6.

No

matter

how

beautiful

the

product

looks，

if

it’s

poor

quality，

it

won’t

sell

well.inspiration

comfortable

anxiety

of

7.

The

rain

poured

，

so

he

abandoned

the

idea

of

jogging

outside.8.

One

of

the

qualifications

you

need

to

work

here

is

a

sense

⁠

humour！9.

They

had

purposely

postponed

（go）

to

London

till

the

autumn.10.

She

prefers

to

distance

herself

the

people

who

are

working

for

her.down

of

going

from

维度二：语法与写作补全句子1.

You

can

also

share

your

unhappy

things

⁠

and

listen

to

their

suggestions.你也可以与你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且倾听他们的建议。2.

We

knew

the

scientist

⁠.我们认识那位研究过这个问题的科学家。

3.

We’ll

go

to

meet

the

famous

singer

⁠

⁠.我们将去见那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。

with

somebody

that

you

trust

who/that

had

studied

the

problem

who/whom/that

we

have

often

talked

about

4.

He

is

regarded

as

a

superhero

⁠

⁠.他被认为是每个人都应该学习的超级英雄。

5.

This

dictionary

is

intended

for

students

⁠

⁠.这本词典是为母语不是英语的学生编写的。6.

She

is

one

of

the

girls

⁠.她是通过考试的女孩之一。7.

I

don’t

know

the

girl

⁠.我不认识和你说话的那个女孩。who/whom/that

everyone

should

learn

from

whose

first

language

is

not

English

who/that

have

passed

the

exam

who/whom/that

you

speak

to

8.

I

have

finished

reading

all

the

books

⁠

⁠.我已读完从图书馆借来的所有书。9.

I

looked

up

at

my

friend

⁠.我抬头看我的朋友，他脸上的表情是兴奋的。10.

Those

could

hardly

believe

what

had

happened.那些在洪水中幸存下来的人很难相信所发生的事情。that

were

borrowed

from

the

library

whose

look

on

the

face

was

excited

who/that

survived

the

floods

维度三：语法与语篇根据汉语提示，用定语从句完成下面短文。

Friendship

is

1.

⁠

（一种可以给人带来幸福的事物）.Friendship

is

2.

⁠

（人们应该拥有的最重要的

事物之一）.People

should

make

friends

with

3.

⁠

（那些态度积极的人）.A

real

friend

is

4.

⁠

（在你困难时帮助你的人）.They

are

5.

（那些和

你同甘共苦的人）.They

are

brave

to

point

out

6.

⁠

（能影响你未来的错误）.a

thing

which/that

can

bring

happiness

to

people

one

of

the

most

important

things

that

people

should

have

those

whose

attitude

is

positive

a

person

who/that

helps

you

when

you

are

in

trouble

those

who/that

share

happiness

and

sorrow

with

you

the

mistakes

that/which

can

affect

your

future

Ⅰ.阅读理解A

Friends

are

very

important

to

us.Sometimes

we

just

want

to

develop

some

new

friendships.Here

are

some

of

the

best

apps

for

you

to

make

new

friends.

AtletoResearch

shows

that

exercising

with

a

friend

promotes

more

motivation

and

healthier

lifestyle

habits.Atleto

is

an

app

that

builds

on

this

“exercise

contagion

（传染）”

phenomenon

by

bringing

together

athletic

people

to

take

exercise

and

organize

group

activities.You

can

choose

from

over

40

sports

and

find

your

community

of

people

who

like

to

be

in

a

sweat.

FrienderStudies

show

that

we’re

eager

to

find

people

similar

to

us.Suppose

you’re

sick

of

boring

surface-level

conversations.Then，

Friender

solves

that

problem

quickly

with

an

algorithm

（算法）

that

only

matches

you

based

on

your

favorite

activities

and

interests.This

friend-finding

app

makes

it

easy

to

get

into

conversations

that

you

care

about.If

you

don’t

have

many

hobbies

to

type

into

an

app，

one

of

the

easiest

ways

to

start

is

to

try

out

new

hobbies.

PawDateDogs

are

great

companions，

but

sometimes

it’s

nice

to

talk

to

humans，

too.This

app

connects

pet

owners

to

meet

up

at

dog

parks

or

walk

with

their

pups.You

get

to

set

up

doggie

play

dates

and

find

new

friends

at

the

same

time.

It’s

a

win-win.

Skout

Skout

started

back

in

2007

to

help

people

make

new

friends.The

matches

are

based

on

geographical

distances

and

preferences.It’s

perfect

for

meeting

people

while

traveling，

moving

and

entering

a

new

chapter

of

life.Skout

is

able

to

discover

people

directly

by

checking

into

a

location

and

seeing

who

else

on

the

app

is

there.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些交朋友的应用

程序。语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些交朋友的应用

程序。1.

Who

is

Atleto

intended

for？A.Those

who

like

to

walk

their

dogs.B.Those

who

want

to

play

sports

together.C.Those

who

want

to

develop

new

hobbies.D.Those

who

like

to

do

community

service.解析：

细节理解题。根据Atleto部分中的Atleto

is

an

app

that

builds

on

this

“exercise

contagion

（传染）”

phenomenon

by

bringing

together

athletic

people

to

take

exercise

and

organize

group

activities.可知，Atleto是针对那些想要一起运动的人。2.

What

can

people

do

by

using

Friender？A.Solve

conversation

problems.B.Share

their

favorite

activities.C.Make

new

friends

while

traveling.D.Have

conversations

with

like-minded

people.解析：

细节理解题。根据Friender部分的介绍可知，使用

Friender可以和志同道合的人交谈。3.

Which

app

can

help

the

user

find

new

friends

quickly

at

a

new

place？A.Atleto.B.Friender.C.PawDate.D.Skout.解析：

细节理解题。根据Skout部分中的It’s

perfect

for

meeting

people

while

traveling，

moving

and

entering

a

new

chapter

of

life.可知，Skout这个应用程序可以帮助用户在新地方快速找到新

朋友。B

I

grew

up

with

the

same

group

of

kids

from

age

5

to

age

12.We

lived

in

the

same

community，

shared

the

same

schools

and

experienced

all

the

ups

and

downs

of

that

period.

Then

I

hit

junior

high

and

a

whole

new

world

opened

up

to

me.It

seemed

everyone

was

there，

friends

from

football

teams

and

people

from

the

summer

workshop.They

welcomed

me，

figuring

that

I

had

to

be

cool

to

know

so

many

people.I

was

a

different

person

with

each

new

group

of

friends

and

began

to

distance

myself

from

the

“kindergarten

group”.

However，

it

wasn’t

long

before

these

so-called

new

friends

left

me

when

they

found

out

I

really

wasn’t

cool

enough

to

be

there.This

was

one

of

the

hardest

times

in

my

life.I

felt

alone

and

was

very

disappointed

in

myself.It

was

then，

when

I

thought

I

had

nowhere

else

to

go，

that

I

tried

to

make

my

way

back

into

the

“kindergarten

group”.I

organized

a

camp-out

and

invited

them

to

come.I

had

thought

they

were

going

to

be

cold

and

exclude

me

as

I

had

done

to

them.But

they

all

turned

up

and

we

just

picked

up

right

where

we

left

off.There

was

absolutely

no

hate，

only

comfort

and

an

unexpected

sense

of

belonging.They

gave

me

room

to

grow

and

learn

my

own

lessons，

my

own

way，

in

my

own

time.

From

them，

I

have

learned

two

things：

the

type

of

friends

I

want，

and

the

type

of

friend

I

want

to

be.We

will

all

continue

to

grow

separately

together，

all

the

while

providing

the

unconditional

love，

understanding

and

support

only

friends

like

these

are

capable

of.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自身经历学到了很多关于

朋友和友谊的一些道理。语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自身经历学到了很多关于

朋友和友谊的一些道理。4.

How

did

the

author

feel

about

her

school

life

according

to

Paragraph

2？A.Shocked.B.Upset.C.Curious.D.Happy.解析：

推理判断题。根据第二段中的Then

I

hit

junior

high

and

a

whole

new

world

opened

up

to

me.可推知，作者对她的学校生活感

到好奇。5.

Why

did

the

author

organize

a

camp-out？A.To

make

more

friends.B.To

get

close

to

nature.C.To

apologize

to

her

friends.D.To

reconnect

with

her

old

friends.解析：

细节理解题。根据第三段中的It

was

then，

when

I

thought

I

had

nowhere

else

to

go，

that

I

tried

to

make

my

way

back

into

the

“kindergarten

group”.I

organized

a

camp-out

and

invited

them

to

come.可知，作者要组织一次露营是为了重

新联系她的老朋友。6.

What

does

the

underlined

word

“exclude”

in

Paragraph

3

probably

mean？A.Cheat.B.Refuse.C.Warn.D.Attack.解析：

词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句下文as

I

had

done

to

them以及第二段末的began

to

distance

myself

from

the

“kindergarten

group”可知，此处意为“我”原以为他们会像“我”对待他们那

样冷淡地排斥“我”。因此可猜测exclude与refuse意思一致。7.

What

can

be

a

suitable

title

for

the

text？A.A

Friend

in

Need.B.My

Kindergarten

Group.C.Lessons

in

Friendship.D.Friends

in

My

New

School.解析：

标题归纳题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者通过自身经

历学到了很多关于朋友和友谊的道理。因此C项适合作文章标题。C

We

have

most

friends

at

the

age

of

26，

after

having

spent

the

first

quarter

of

our

lives

building

up

our

friendship

circle，

new

research

has

shown.

The

research

into

friendship

shows

that

our

social

circle

peaks

（达到

高峰）

at

26

years

and

7

months，

at

which

we

typically

have

five

close

friends.Women

are

the

most

popular

at

25

years

and

10

months，

while

men

hitting

the

highest

friendship

point

a

little

later

at

27

years

and

3

months.

The

research，

by

Forever

Friends，

shows

that

about

a

third

of

adults

meet

their

closest

friends

while

at

school，

with

about

a

fifth

saying

they

meet

them

at

work.

Social

networks

such

as

Facebook

and

Twitter

now

also

play

a

major

role

in

building

new

friendship.The

research

points

out

that

25-to

34-year-

olds

make

22

friends

via

（通过）

Facebook，

compared

to

18-to

24-

year-olds

who

make

12，

and

35-to

44-year-olds

who

make

just

4.

Forever

Friends’relationship

coach

Sam

Owen

says，

“It

is

no

coincidence

（巧合）

that

over

a

third

of

us

meet

our

best

friends

at

school.It

is

a

key

time

in

our

lives

when

friendship

is

growing

through

sharing

notes，

giving

gifts，

seeing

each

other

regularly

and

laughing

a

lot.As

adults

we

can

often

forget

how

powerful

these

small

things

are

and

how

the

little

things

can

make

a

difference.”

Later

in

life

we

find

ourselves

losing

friends.Over

half

of

us

lose

friendship

through

a

moving，

while

36%

say

that

over

time

they

grow

apart

from

close

pals.Having

children

also

causes

19%

to

drift

away

from

childhood

friends.

With

growing

pressure

being

put