Unit 4 能力提升素养练习

Unit4SpaceExploration能力提升素养练习Ⅰ.阅读理解AARussianactorandfilmdirectorleftEarthonaspaceshipthisweektostartfilmingamovie.RussianofficialssaysthemoviewillshinealightonRussia'ssuccessinspace.DmitryPeskovispresssecretaryforPresidentVladimirPutin.“Wehavebeenpioneersinspaceandmaintainedaconfidentposition，”Peskovsaid,addingthatspaceexplorationisgreatforRussia.ActorYuliaPeresildanddirectorKlimShipenkotookofffromasiteinKazahkstanTuesdaywithcosmonautAntonShkaplerov.TheyarrivedaboutthreehourslaterattheInternationalSpaceStationwheretheywillstayfor12days.ThefuturefilmiscalledChallenge.Ittellsthestoryofadoctorwhohurriestothespacestationtohelpanastronautwithaheartproblem.Thepassengershadfourmonthstogetreadyforthespacetrip.Peresildsaidtrainingforthetripwasdifficult.But,shesaid,oncetheyreachedtheirgoal,“allthatwillseemnotsodifficultandwewillrememberitwithasmile.”Shipenkosaidhewouldfinishthemoviebackhomeafterfilminginspace.TwootherRussiancosmonautsalreadyonthespacestationwillalsoperforminthemovie.DmitryRogozinheadstheRussianspaceagencyRoscosmosandhasbeenamajorforcebehindtheproject.“Spacedeservesbeingshowninamoreprofessional,artfulway，”hesaid.Rogozinsaidheeditedthescripthimselftocorrectlyrepresenttherealitiesofspacetravel.“Wedescribesomerealemergenciesthatmayhappenoutthere，”hesaid.OlegNovitskiyisanexperiencedRussiancosmonaut.Hewillplaythecharacterwiththeheartprobleminthemovie.Whenthatisdone,hewillreturntocaptain'sseatoftheSoyuzspacecraftandbringtheactoranddirectorbacktoEarth.1．WhatcanwelearnfromDmitryPeskov'swords?A．PresidentVladimirPutinthoughtthemoviewasgreat.B．Russiaisintheleadingpositioninspaceexploration.C．Theactorandfilmdirectorarepioneerstomakefilm.D．TheRussiangovernmentisconfidentofthelaunchmission.2．Whoisprobablygoingtoplaytheroleofdoctoraccordingtothepassage?A．YuliaPeresild. B．KlimShipenko. C．DmitryRogozin. D．OlegNovitskiy.3．Whatdoweknowaboutthemovie?A．Itwillbecompletelyfinishedinspace.B．ThescriptwaswrittenbyRogozin.C．Itwillreflectsomerealemergenciesinspace.D．Theroleswillallbeplayedbyprofessionalactors.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．Russia'sGreatSpaceExploration.B．InternationalSpaceStation.C．AnEmergencyinSpace.D．Challenge:AMovieMadeinSpace.BNothingdrawsattentiontoyournewproductlikeusingittosendfastfoodintospace.InJune,Arizona­basedWorldViewEnterprisesdemonstratedthepotentialofitspioneeringStratollite—asortofminisatellitethatusesaballoontotakegoodsintothestratosphere(平流层)bypartneringKFCtoferrya5­ouncepieceoffriedchicken77,000feetintothespace.“Wetookachickensandwich,launcheditintospacefor17hours,andwhenitcameback,itwasperfect，”saystheformerCEOofWorldViewEnterprisesJanePoynter.Poynter'sfinalgoalistosendtouriststotheedgeofspace,tiedtothecompany'sballoons,andtomakethefinalfrontiermoreaccessibleforresearch.Stratollitesareinexpensive,compact,andeasytooperate,idealformonitoringweatherpatternsandprovidingmilitaryreconnaissance(侦察)oremergencycommunicationsduringnaturaldisasters.Theycanalsodowhattraditionalsatellitescan'tdo:spendmonthsaboveaspecificlocationwithoutmoving.ThoughPoynterdidnotformallytrainasanengineer,shehasspenthercareerinleadingspaceresearch.TheBritishnativetrainedherskillsasatechnicalmanagerforBiosphere2,anArizonaresearchfacilitybuilttotestaself­enclosed,self-sufficientecosystem.Itscreatorshopeditcouldonedaybeadaptedforuseinspace.Shespenttwoyearsintheearly1990ssealedinsidewithsevenothers,experiencingeverythingfromoxygenfailurestocolleagues'emotionalbreakdowns.Poyntermetherfuturehusband,TaberMacCallum,ontheproject,andafterward,thecoupleformedParagonSpaceDevelopmentCorporation.Theybegandevisingbiospheresthatcouldsupportplantandanimallifeinorbit(轨道)．“Weshowedit'spossibleforanimalstoliveinanenvironmenttheyarenotusedto:microgravity，”Poyntersays.In2014,PoynterandMacCallumachievedanotherfirst.TheyledtheengineeringteamthathelpedAlanEustaceskydivefromtheedgeofthestratosphere.That'swhenithitthem:Theballoon­parachutesystemtheydesignedforEustacecouldbemodifiedfortourismandresearch.SotheyformedWorldViewEnterprises,withMacCallumservingasachieftechnicalofficer.ThecompanyhasacontractwithNASAtodetermineifthesystemcouldsomedaybeusedtogatherdataonMars.“TakingStratollitesandflyingthemonotherplanets,”Poyntersays.“That'sdefinitelyapartofthebigdream.”5．Stratollitesaredifferentfromtraditionalsatellitesinthattheycan.A．staymotionlessinspaceB．moveaboutinabiggerareaC．provideemergencycommunicationsD．survivebetterinasituationwithoutgravity6．WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutBiosphere2?A．Itwasadaptedfromaspaceshipthatusedtoworkinspace.B．Itwasintendedtobecomeanidealplaceforspaceresearch.C．Theparticipantsallexperiencedsomekindofemotionalbreakdown.D．Theparticipantswereisolatedfromtheoutsideworldforsometime.7．Whatdoesthepronoun“it”inParagraph5referto?A．PoynterandMacCallumhavehelpedAlanEustacetoskydive.B．MacCallumwillserveasachieftechnicalofficerinWorldView.C．ThesystemdesignedforEustacecanbeusedformorepurposes.D．PoynterandMacCallumhopetoachievemorefirstsintheircareer.8．WhatisWorldViewEnterprise’sbigdream?A．PartneringNASAtodoresearchonotherplanets.B．Usingballoonstosendtouristsorresearchersintospace.C．Givingpeoplemoreopportunitiestotryextremesportsinspace.D．Workingwithfoodcompaniestosendfoodtoastronautsinspace.C(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday，”explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree­and­a­halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself­poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone­offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输)．Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.9．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants. B．Abigfallincrimerates.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces. D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.10．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A．Todetectplants'lackofwater. B．Tochangecompositionsofplants.C．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger. D．Totestchemicalsinplants.11．Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants? B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps? D．Howareglowingplantsmadepollution­free?Ⅱ.应用文写作最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了讨论。请你根据下面提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。30%的同学认为：1．不值得探索；2．离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远；3．浪费金钱，这些金钱本可以用来解决地球上的饥饿、污染等问题。70%的同学认为：1．值得探索；2．已使用卫星进行通信和预报天气；3．有望解决地球人口问题和能源短缺问题。Ⅲ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onetime,theteachersataschoolwantedtoteachthestudentsaboutairplanes.Whileallairplanescanfly,someareabletoflyfartherthanothers.Thisisbecausenotallairplanesarebuiltthesame.Forexample,afighterplanelooksverydifferentfromaplanethatpeopleflyinwhentheywanttogoonaholiday.Theteacherswonderedhowtheycouldmakestudentsunderstandthis.Then,thescienceteacher,Mr.Moose,decidedthattheschoolshouldhaveapaperairplanecontest.Thestudentswouldproducepaperairplanedesigns.Theywouldstandinlineontheplaygroundbehindtheschool.Thestudentswouldtaketurnsthrowingtheirairplanes.Thestudentwhoseairplanewentthefarthestwouldwin.WhenMr.Mooseannouncedthepaperairplanecontesttothestudents,theywereveryexcited.AstudentnamedPaul,whowasonthewrestlingteam,bragged(吹牛)toeveryoneelsethathisairplanewouldwin.“Iamthestrongest，”Paulsaid.“SoIwillbeabletothrowmyairplanethefarthest.”However,whilePaulwassayingthis,anotherstudent,Brian,wasthinkinghowhecouldwin.Briandidnotplayanysportsandwasnotverystrong.Buthelovedairplanesandreallywantedtowinthecontest.Brianrealisedwhathehadtodo.Hewenttothestoreandboughtabigstackofpaper.Whenhegothome,hetookthepaperintohisbackyard.Hetookapieceofpaperandfoldedanairplane.Itdidn'tgoveryfar,soBriantookanothersheetandfoldedanotherairplaneandthrewit.Thisairplanewentalittlefarther.Briankeptfoldingdifferentkindsofairplanesandthrowingthem.Somewentveryfarandsomedidnot.Finally,whenBrianhadusedallthepaper,hewalkeduptotheairplanethathadflownthefarthestandpickeditup.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式作答。Thenextdaywasthecontest.Brianwonbecausehetriedoutmanysolutionstotheproblemofhowtomakeanairplaneflyveryfar.

答案解析：Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了俄罗斯一名演员和电影导演乘坐宇宙飞船离开地球，开始拍摄一部电影，俄罗斯官员称这部电影会关注俄罗斯在太空的成功。1．B推理判断题。根据第一段中引述Peskov的话“Wehavebeenpioneersinspaceandmaintainedaconfidentposition”可知，Peskov的话表明俄罗斯处于空间探索的领先地位，与B选项描述相符。2．A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“ActorYuliaPeresildanddirectorKlimShipenkotookofffromasiteinKazahkstanTuesdaywithcosmonautAntonShkaplerov.”与第三句“ThefuturefilmiscalledChallenge.Ittellsthestoryofadoctorwhohurriestothespacestationtohelpanastronautwithaheartproblem.”以及第三段中“OlegNovitskiyisanexperiencedRussiancosmonaut.Hewillplaythecharacterwiththeheartprobleminthemovie.”可知，此次太空旅行一共有3个人参与，KlimShipenko是导演，宇航员AntonShkaplerov要扮演心脏有问题的宇航员，则医生应当由演员YuliaPeresild扮演。3．C细节理解题。根据第三段中引述Rogozin的话“Wedescribesomerealemergenciesthatmayhappenoutthere”可知，电影表现的就是可能发生在太空中的真实的紧急情况，与C选项描述相符。4．D标题归纳题。浏览全文，文章以新闻报道的形式，介绍了一部将在太空中完成拍摄的电影，其名为Challenge，D选项切合文章主题，适合作为标题。B【语篇解读】JanePoynter和她的公司WorldViewEnterprises一直致力于送动植物上太空的研究，近期成功地把快餐送上了太空，并期待未来可以将游客和更多的研究人员送上太空。5．A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“spendmonthsaboveaspecificlocationwithoutmoving”可知，选项A中的motionless与文中的withoutmoving对应，因此答案应为A。6．D推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Biosphere2,anArizonaresearchfacilitybuilttotestaself­enclosed,self­sufficientecosystem”可知，它是一个封闭的空间，这与选项D中的wereisolatedfromtheoutsideworld对应，因此选D。7．C代词指代题。根据第五段中的“Theballoon­parachutesystemtheydesignedforEustacecouldbemodifiedfortourismandresearch”可推知，答案为C。8．B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“TakingStratollitesandflyingthemonotherplanets”“That'sdefinitelyapartofthebigdream”可知，WorldViewEnterprises的远大梦想的一部分是通过使用热气球的这种迷你卫星把游客或研究者送往其他星球。因此答案为B。C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了绿色植物对人类社会和工作效率的积极作用，同时介绍了科学家们新开发的植物的不寻常的功能：检测地下水质和发光照明。9．D段落大意题。根据第一段第二句及下文所举的两个例子可知，第一段主要介绍了绿色植物给人们带来的益处，故选D。10．A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwater”可知，A选项正确。11．C推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句“Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.”可推知，在未来，发光植物可能有助于减少能源消耗。12．C标题归纳题。文章第一段点明了植物的积极作用；第二段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究；第三段说明最新的研究表明植物可以发光；第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以“打开”和“关上”；第五段表述能量在传输中损失很多，或许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项(发光的植物能代替灯吗？)最能凸显本文主题。Ⅱ.应用文写作【参考范文】Recently,studentsinourclasshavehadadiscussiononwhetherspaceisworthexploring.Ontheonehand,30%ofust