2022年辽宁省阜新市阜新蒙古族自治县高三下学期4月模拟考试英语试题

阜蒙县高中2022届新课标二模拟试卷英语本试卷150分，共12页。考试结束后，将本试卷及答题卡一并交回。注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号框涂黑。 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题 卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASurfholidaysdon’thavetomeannoisybackpackerhotelsandstickyfloors.Youcanalsobooksometrulyuniquesurfstaysrighthere.Thehouseonanisland,Newquay,EnglandSeparatedfromthemainlandandaccessedviaasuspensionbridge,thisislandiscompletelyisolated(隔绝的)bywater.It’sparticularlyfamousforsurfingandstormwatching.Onceontheisland,youcanpickyourownflagfromthecollectioninthehouseandraiseittoleteveryoneknowyou’vearrived.SleepsSix,from£1,776forThreeNights.Theecoturfhouse,IsleofLewis,ScotlandFolksinthenorthernhemisphere(半球)havebeenbuildingsuchhousessince4,000BC.Specialroofskeepthehousesnaturallywarm.Thesecottagesalsoattractwildlife.Forextrawarmth,there’sunder-floorheatingandfuel-burningstoves.Andstayguiltfree－awindturbine300metresawayprovidesallthepowertotheseecohouses.Sleepstwo,from£600fortwonights.Theinlandsurfcamp,Bristol,EnglandTheCampatTheWaveisminutesfromanartificialsurfbreakproducing1,000perfectwavesofvaryingsizesandshapesanhour.Unlikeothersurfdestinations,youcanbookyourtripforwheneversuitsyouandbeguaranteedperfectwaves.Thesetentshaveakitchen.There’salsoacafeonsite.Sleepseight,two-nightminimumstaymid-weekandthree-nightminimumstayonweekends.From£105.Thecoastalcarriage,Ceredigion,WalesThelastofitstypeinexistence,thisEdwardianoriginalsleepercarriagewasbuiltin1905fortheLondonandSouthWesternRailway.ItusedtoformpartofthePlymouth-Waterloo“boattrain”,beforeitwasretiredfromservicein1931andtransportedhere.ExcellentwavescanbefounddownthecoastalpathatTresaithbeach.Sleepsfive,from£354forthreenights.Whatcanweknowabout“Thehouseonanisland”?Itoffersflagservice. B.Itissurroundedbywater.C.Itappealstowaterskiers. D.Itisaccessiblebyvehiclesonly.Whichofthefollowingcanaccommodatethefewestvisitors?Thehouseonanisland. B.Theecoturfhouse.C.Theinlandsurfcamp. D.Thecoastalcarriage.Whichofthefollowingofferssurfingactivityallyearround?A.Theecoturfhouse,IsleofLewis,Scotland.B.Thecoastalcarriage,Ceredigion,Wales.C.Theinlandsurfcamp,Bristol,England.D.Thehouseonanisland,Newquay,England.BWeareallawareoftheeffectgreenhousegas

emissions

arehavingonourplanetandtheeffortsneededtofightclimatechange.Mostofusaredoingourbittoreduceourimpactontheenvironment,butdespiteourcollectiveeffort,arewedoingenoughtoachievenetzeroby2050?Netzeromeansnotaddingtotheamountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Manycountriesaredoingtheirbitbychanginghowtheygenerateandusepower,

therefore,

cuttingcarbondioxideoutput.AndtheyannouncedwhatfurtherstepstheyweregoingtotakeattherecentCOP26summitinGlasgow.IntheUK,thegovernmenthasbeensettingoutitsplanstoachievenetzeroby2050.It’srecentlyannouncedanenddateforthesaleofgas

boilers,whichareusedforheatinghomes.Theideaistoreplacethemwithheatpumps.It’sofferinghomeownersmoneyofupto£5,000togettheminplace.AnotherinitiativeintheUKisabigpushtowardselectricvehicles.Therearetobefinancial

incentives(激励措施)

forcarmakers,andmorechargingpointsaretobefittedinstreets.Andthere’stobeabanonthesaleofnewpetroland

dieselcarsby2030.Butnotallemissionscanbereducedtozero,sothoseremainingwillhavetodosomethingtopay

forbeinginexistence.Onewaytodothisistoplantthousandsoftrees,whicharegoodatabsorbingcarbondioxide.TheUKgovernmenthaspromisedtoplant30,000hectaresoftreesayearby2025.Thereareotherideastoo,butwhat’scertainisthiswillcostmoney.TheCBI’sTomThackraytoldtheBBCthat“thosecostshavetobeweighedupagainstthecostofinaction.”WhethertheUK,oranyoneelse,reachesnetzero

remains

tobeseen.Andthere’ssomedoubtabouthowthiscanbe

accurately

measuredanyway.Butit’sgenerallyrecognizedthataglobaleffortisneededtodealwithclimatechange.Therefore,netzerotargetsonlymakesenseifeveryothercountryismovinginthesamedirection.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph1?Netzerogreenhousegasemissionscanbeachievedby2050.Climatechangeiscloselyrelatedtogreenhousegasemissions.Wearedoingwhatwecantoreduceourimpactontheenvironment.Countriesshouldworktogethertoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Whichofthefollowingishelpfulincuttingcarbondioxideoutput?Coal-firedpowerB.GasheatingC.ElectriccarsD.Petrolvehicles

Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?PlansmadebytheUKtocutdowngreenhousegasemission.Bigcontributorsemittinggreenhousegasintotheatmosphere.Measurestobetakentobantheuseoffossilfuelinsomeindustries.Incentivestoencourageindustriestoreducegreenhousegasemission.What’stheauthor’sintentionofwritingthepassage?Todemonstratehowimportantandurgentitistofightagainstclimatechange.TointroducewhattheUKisdoingtoachievenetzerogreenhousegasemission.Totellthedifficultiestoreachthesettargetofnetzerogreenhousegasemission.Tocalloncountriesintheworldtoworktogethertofightagainstclimatechange.CIfyouplantolearnaforeignlanguage,youmightthinkit’sgoingtobereallychallenging.You’veprobablyheardalotoftalksabouthowit’seasiertolearnlanguagesasayoungchild,andthatlearningasanadultcanbedifficult.Youmightevenknowfriendsorfamilymemberswhohavetriedtolearnaforeigntongueandfailed.That’sbecausetheyaresurroundedbythefailure.We’reheretocheeryouupwithsomegoodnewsandinspireyoutogetstarted.Theamazingadultbrain:whetheryoucanlearnlanguagesatanyage?Scientistsarealwayslearningaboutthehumanbrain.Decadesago,expertsbelievedthatthebraindevelopedduringchildhoodandthenretainedthatwayforlife.However,modernstudieshaveshownusthatthebrainhastheabilitytocontinuallyformnewneural(神经的)connectionsthroughoutadulthood.A2010Swedishstudytestedtwogroupsofpeople,oneintherangeofage21through30andanotherbetween65and80.Remarkably,theyfoundnosignificantdifferencesinNeuroplasticity(神经可塑性).Inotherwords,thissuggeststhatit’spossibleforyoutolearnnewthingsatanyage.Besidesbeingpossibletolearnlanguages,researchalsosuggeststhatitimprovestheadultbrainingeneral.Ina2012Chinesestudy,expertslookedatagroupofadultswhowerelearningMandarin(普通话)overanine-monthperiod.Theyfoundthattheseadultsshowedimprovedintegrityintheirwhitematter,thepartofthebrainthatallowsneuralcellstocommunicate.Thebetteryourneuralcellscommunicate,theeasieritwillbeforyoutolearnnewthings.Whymayadultshaveaneasiertimelearning?Childrenmightbeblessedwithanaturallyhighdegreeofneuroplasticity,butthatdoesn’tmeanlearningisnecessarilyeasierforthem.Infact,adultbrainshaveanumberofgreatqualitiesthatmightactuallymakelearningeasier,especiallyifyoutakeadvantageoffreelanguagelearningappslikeMondly.28. Whydosomeadultsfailinthelanguagelearning?A.Becausetheyaretoooldtolearnanewlanguage.B.BecauselanguagesaretoodifficultforadultstolearnC.Becausetheyareinfluencedbytheadultswhofailed.D.Becausetheyhavenoplansfornewlanguagelearning.29. Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retained”meaninParagraph2?A.improvedB.remainedC.changedD.strengthened30. Whatistheauthortryingtodointhesecondparagraph?A.Totellthedifferencebetweenchildrenandadultsinlanguagelearning.B.Tostatethedifferencebetweenchildrenandadultsinbraindevelopment.C.Toshowthatthereisnodifferencebetweenchildrenandadultsinlearning.D.Toprovetheformertheoryaboutbraindevelopmentbysomeexpertswrong.31. Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Braindevelopmentandnewlanguagelearning.B.Analysisaboutchildrenlearninganewlanguage.C.Informationaboutadultslearninganewlanguage.D.SomegoodnewsforadultstolearnanewlanguageDAsbothaparentandacollegeprofessor,Ihavewitnessedthedestructiveeffectsoftestanxiety.Studentswithitcansayquicklythematerialandexplaincomplexcontentinarelaxedenvironmentbutfailinanexam.Whenitmattersthemost,studentswithtestanxietycanconveytheleast.Somestudentsturntodrugs.Withanymedicine,thereisaconcernforsafety,particularlywhenitiswiththebrain,thebody’smostcomplicatedandimportantorgan.Anewstudysuggeststheremaybeachoicetothesedrugsforstudents:anopen-labelplacebo(安慰剂).Placeboshavelongbeenknowntoeffectivelyreducesymptomsfordifferentillnesses.Traditionally,serviceofaplacebotreatmentrequiressometricks,inthatpeoplebelievetheyarereceivinganactive,effectivetreatment,butinreality,theyaretakingasugarpilloranactivitythathasnomedicalhelp.Anopen-labelplaceboisdifferent:peoplearetoldfromthestartthattheyarereceivingaplacebothatcontainsnomedication.AndyetSchaefer’sfindingsindicatethatpeoplemaystillbenefitfromit.Whydidtheplacebowork?Atthispoint,scientistsarenotentirelysure.Humanmentalprocessescanbechangedbyenvironment.Takingthepillseachdaymayhaveencouragedparticipantstothinkabouttestanxietyandmayhavealsoprovidedasensethattheyweredoingsomethingtodealwithit.Finally,althoughparticipantstakingtheplacebosdidshowimprovementonanumberofself-reportmeasures,theyhadnobenefitoverthecontrolgroupwithrespecttoscoresontheirfinalexams.Theymayhavefeltbetterabouttakingtheirexams,butthosefeelingsdidnotchangeintoimprovedtestscores.Despitetheselimits,thepresentfindingsareappealingandsuggestalow-cost,low-riskwayforreducinganall-toocommonproblemamongstudents.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?Testanxietypreventssomestudentsperformnormallyinexams.Testanxietycanimprovesomestudents’performanceafterexams.Arelaxedatmospherehelpsstudentsbringouttheirbestinexams.Somestudents’performanceinexamsisconnectedwithenvironment.Whydopeoplefeelplaceboseffective?Becausepeoplefeelitnecessarypsychologically.Becausepeople’spsychologicalfeelingsareatwork.Becauseplacebosaremadefromsugarandtastesweet.Becauseplacebosareanopenchoiceforthepeopletakingit.34.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthefourthandfifthparagraphs?A.Takingplaceboscanreducetestanxiety.B.Takingplaceboscanimprovetestscores.C.Takingplacebosisnotaseffectiveastakingdrugs.D.Takingplaceboscanincreasesenseofachievement.35. Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Drug,apublicconcernforbrainsafety.B.Testanxiety,adestructivefactorinexams.C.Open-labelplacebo,afreechoiceforstudents.D.Placebo,alikelywaytodealwithtestanxiety.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Chemicalfarmingisthemostwidespreadwayoffarming.Itistheconventionalwayinwhichlargeagriculturalsocietiesgrowcrops.36Organicfarming,however,eventhoughitmaymeanagreatercostofproductionandmorework,hassignificantbenefitsonourhealthandthehealthofourplanet. Chemicalfarminghasanegativeimpactontheenvironment.Pesticidesareusedtoprotectplantsfromvariouspests,diseases,andweeds.37Besideskillinginsectsandweeds,pesticidescanbepoisonoustoagreatnumberofotherorganismssuchasbirds,fish,beneficialinsects,andnon-targetplants.Anotherimportantissueisthatthepoisonoussubstancesbecomeairborne.Theycandriftawayondistancesuptoafewmiles,poisoningtheairofnearbycommunities.38Studieshaveshownthatpesticideremainscanbefoundinavarietyofproducts,suchaswater,wine,vegetables,fruitjuices,orgrains.Whenweeatordrinktheseproducts,ourhealthislikelytobeharmed.Organicfarmingreliesonnaturalprocesses,biodiversity,andman-madefertilizerratherthantheuseofchemicals.Inoppositiontothenegativeeffectsthatconventionalfarminghasontheenvironmentandhumanhealth,organicfarmingisanagriculturalproductionsystemthatdoesgoodtothehealthofsoils,ecosystems,andpeople.39Organicallygrownfoodishigherinnutrientsandfreeofpoisonousremains.Forthebenefitofourhealthandourplanet,wehavetochangeourwaysoffarming.40However,itisabetterchoicetobuildabetter,healthierfutureforbothourhumancommunitiesandourenvironment.A. Chemicalfarmingdoesdamagetoourhealthinmanyways.B. Theshiftfromchemicalfarmingtoorganicfarmingmaytaketime.C. Organicfarminghasgreatpotentialsinagriculturalinfuturefarming.D. However,pesticidescanalsopollutethesoil,water,orothervegetation.E. Ithasbeenpracticedinmanyagriculturalcountriesformanymanyyears.F. Itmaybethecheapestandeasiestoptionbutitsurelyisn’tthebestchoice.G. Itproducesnoenvironmentalpollutionandoffersvariousbenefitstohealth.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Atrushhour,asthehighwaytoMexicoCityiscrowdedwithfastbusesandcars,ManuelAmadorisgoingtheother41.HisdestinationisEcatepec,aneighbourhoodwithapopulationof1.7million,anhour’srideoutsidethecapital.It’swherehehasbeen42fornearly10years.Andit’soneofthecountry’smost43placestobeawoman.Mexicoestimatesa(n)44inMexicoinfemicide,orthemurderofwomenforbeingwomen,andthestatewhereEcatepecsitsisoneofthehotspots.Morethan92%ofthepeoplelivinginthecommunitysaytheyfeel45,accordingtoarecentsurvey.Mr.Amadorsayshewas46andangrywhenheheardhisstudentstalkabouttheextreme47andfearandhownooneseemedto48outagainstit.Sohedidsomething.Inhisextracurricularworkshops,whose49hasgrownbeyondschool50,hehelpsstudents51performancearttoopposethe52manypeoplefeelaboutthedeathsand53.“HereIfeelgood,becausethisisthefirstman,or54thefirstmanIknow,who55thisproblemandtriestosolveit,”saysastudentnamedJasmin.“He’snotlikeothermenwhosay,‘Heretheygoagainwiththeirsermons(说教).’”A.association B.community C.area D.directionA.teaching B.driving C.traveling D.singingA.backward B.dangerous C.helpless D.hopelessA.decline B.percentage C.increase D.trendA.unsafe B.uncomfortable C.uncertain D.unableA.relieved B.shocked C.unsatisfied D.frightenedA.violence B.condition C.pressure D.damageA.put B.stick C.leave D.standA.affection B.imagination C.influence D.devotionA.classrooms B.equipment C.walls D.surroundingsA.attend B.create C.collect D.containA.idea B.concept C.realization D.acceptanceA.attacks B.hardships C.disadvantages D.sufferingsA.atlast B.atmost C.atleast D.atbestA.creates B.recognizes C.bears D.ignores第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填上1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThepeopleofKiunga,Kenya,havebeenforcedtodrink,cookandbatheindirtyand56(pollute)waterforyears.In2018,GivePower,anonprofitorganization57providessolarenergysolutionstoregionsthatneeditmost,installeditsfirst-eversolarwaterfarm,andit58(provide)cleanwaterto3,000peopleeverysingledaysofar.ThesolarwaterfarmturnsthesaltwateroftheIndianOcean59cleandrinkingwaterthroughadvancedfiltration（过滤）systems.Themainissueisthatwaterplantscostalot60(run),however,solarpanelshavehelpedsolvethisissue.GivePower’ssolarwaterfarmproducessolarenergyusing61(it)solarpanels.Theseareabletoproduce50kilowattsofenergyandpowertwowaterpumpsthatrun2462(hour)aday.Beforetheirsolarfarm63(build),thepeopleofKiungahadtotraveluptoonehouradayjusttogetaccesstocleandrinkingwater.“Just$20providesclean,healthy,freshwaterforonepersonfor64entiredecade!”GivePowerFoundationwroteonInstagram65(proud).第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）应用文写作（满分15分）假定你是校学生会主席李华，想邀请国际留学生班的学生参加即将举行的校庆100周年的庆祝派对。请你用英语给该班的班长Jane写一封电子邮件。内容包括：派对的时间和地点；派对的目的、内容及要做的准备。注意：80字左右可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。邮件的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。DearJane,IamLiHuan,chairmanoftheStudents’Union.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely, LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Iwashungryandhopefulthatourbabysitterwouldmakeameal.ButIfoundshewassleepingonthesofa.SoIwantedtoturntomysister,Ashley.Shewascoloringinherroom.Whenshesawme,unexpectedly,shesaid,“I’mhungry.Let’smakesomesandwiches.”Unluckily,beforemakingsandwichesinthekitchen,AshleyandIhadafight.Weranaroundthekitchen,throwingflourateachother.Flourflewintheairaroundusaswewentintothelivingroom.Suddenly,weheardfootstepsoutside.“Oh,no!Momiscoming!”Isaid.“Whatarewegoingtodoaboutthemess?”Iwonderednervously.Itlookedlikeithadsnowedinsidethehouse.Ashleyquicklyranandtookavacuumcleaner,butshedidn’tknowhowtoturniton.Suddenly,Momwalkedin,tiredfromalongday’swork.Afterseeingthescene,sheshookherhead.AshleyandIrantoherandsmiled.Momdidn’tgetangryatus.Butsheseemeddisappointedatthebabysitterwhenshewokeherupandshowedherthemess.Oncethebabysitterhadgone,Momwentintoherroom.“We’renotintrouble!”Ishoutedwithjoy.“ButMomdidn’tlooksogood,”Ashleysaidtomeinasadvoice.“What?Shewassmiling.Surelyshelookedgoodandhappy!”Iargued.ThenAshleycontinued,“Well,let’sgoandsee!”SowewenttoMom’sbedroomdoorandsecretlylookedin.Momwassittingonthebedwithtearsinhereyes.Wereturnedtothelivingroom.“Momiscryingbecauseofourmess,”Ashleysaid.“Let’scleanthehouse.Andshe’sprobablyhungrynow.Whydon’twemakesandwi