2025年托福考试阅读真题模拟模拟试卷：环境科学主题

2025年托福考试阅读真题模拟模拟试卷：环境科学主题考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______一、选词填空要求：仔细阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。做此题时，我真是又爱又恨啊！爱的是能通过自己的词汇量和对上下文的把握，一步步揭开文章的神秘面纱；恨的是总有些选项让人纠结不清，仿佛在玩一场语言逻辑的迷宫游戏。来吧，看看你的火眼金睛是否足够锐利！1.Therapiddepletionoftheozonelayerhasbeena_concernforscientistsworldwide,asitexposeslivingorganismstohigherlevelsofharmfulultravioletradiation.A.pressingB.trivialC.hypotheticalD.cosmetic2.Manyecosystemsarecurrentlyfacingunprecedentedlevelsof_duetohumanactivities,whichdisruptsthenaturalbalanceandleadstobiodiversityloss.A.conservationB.contaminationC.cultivationD.collaboration3.Renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,aregaining_asasustainablealternativetofossilfuels,helpingtomitigateclimatechange.A.skepticismB.prominenceC.resistanceD.neglect4.Theconceptofacirculareconomyemphasizestheimportanceof_resourcestominimizewasteandmaximizeefficiencythroughouttheproductlifecycle.A.depletingB.recyclingC.exploitingD.preserving5.Microplasticpollutionhasbecomea_issueinmarineenvironments,posingseriousthreatstoaquaticlifeandpotentiallyhumanhealth.A.diminishingB.escalatingC.negligibleD.controversial6.Thegreenhouseeffect,whilenatural,hasbeenexacerbatedbyhuman-inducedemissions,leadingtoasignificant_inglobaltemperatures.A.declineB.stabilizationC.incrementD.fluctuation7.Biodiversityhotspotsareregionswithahighconcentrationofendemicspeciesthatareatriskof_duetohabitatdestructionandclimatechange.A.proliferationB.extinctionC.migrationD.cultivation8.Sustainableagriculturepracticesaimtoreducetheenvironmental_associatedwithfoodproduction,suchassoilerosionandwaterpollution.A.benefitsB.impactsC.innovationsD.efficiencies9.TheKyotoProtocolwasasignificantinternationalagreementaimedatreducinggreenhousegas_tocombatglobalwarminganditsconsequences.A.reductionB.emissionC.absorptionD.production10.Eutrophication,causedbyexcessivenutrientrunoff,canleadtoalgalbloomsthat_oxygenlevelsinwaterbodies,harmingaquaticlife.A.increaseB.decreaseC.stabilizeD.fluctuate二、段落信息匹配要求：下面的段落中包含7处划线部分，每处划线部分代表一个句子。这些划线部分分别对应下面的7个句子。请根据文章内容和结构，将划线部分与对应的句子匹配起来，并在答题卡上将对应的字母涂黑。这个题目啊，简直就像是在玩一场“连连看”游戏，只不过连的是句子和段落。你需要仔细阅读每个句子，然后在段落中找到与之对应的最佳位置，这可真是个考验细心和耐心的活儿！Paragraph:Theincreasingconcernoverclimatechangehaspromptedgovernmentsandorganizationsworldwidetoexploreinnovativesolutions.Manyscientistsarguethattransitioningtorenewableenergyisthemosteffectivewaytoreducecarbonemissions.However,thehighinitialcostsandtechnologicallimitationshaveposedsignificantchallengestowidespreadadoption.Inadditiontothis,theissueofenergystorageremainsunresolved,ascurrentmethodsareofteninefficientandenvironmentallyharmful.Effortstopromotesustainablepracticesinindustriessuchasagricultureandmanufacturinghaveshownsomepromise,butmoreneedstobedonetoachievesignificantreductionsingreenhousegasemissions.Publicawarenesscampaignshavealsoplayedacrucialroleineducatingpeopleabouttheimportanceoftakingactionagainstclimatechange.Despitetheseefforts,theglobalcommunitystillfacesnumerousobstaclesinitsquesttocombatthispressingissue.11.Renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,offerasustainablealternativetofossilfuels,helpingtomitigateclimatechange.12.Thehighcostsandtechnologicalbarriersassociatedwithrenewableenergyprojectshavehinderedtheirwidespreadimplementation.13.Energystoragesolutionsareessentialfortheeffectiveintegrationofrenewableenergyintothegrid,butcurrenttechnologiesfallshort.14.Sustainableagriculturalpracticescansignificantlyreducetheenvironmentalimpactsoffoodproduction,contributingtoahealthierplanet.15.Publiceducationisvitalforfosteringacultureofsustainabilityandencouragingindividualstomakeenvironmentallyresponsiblechoices.16.Governmentsandorganizationsmustcollaboratetodevelopandimplementinnovativesolutionstoaddressthechallengesofclimatechange.17.Whileprogresshasbeenmade,theglobalcommunitystillfacessignificanthurdlesinitseffortstocombatclimatechangeeffectively.三、阅读理解要求：仔细阅读下面的文章，然后回答问题。这篇文章啊，我可是反复读了好多遍，感觉就像是在和作者进行一场关于环境科学的对话。你得跟着我的思路走，理解文章的主旨和细节，才能准确回答下面的问题。准备好了吗？让我们开始这场知识的探索之旅吧！Theglobalclimatecrisishasacceleratedinrecentdecades,promptingurgentcallsforaction.Oneofthemostsignificantcontributorstothiscrisisistheburningoffossilfuels,whichreleaseslargeamountsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.Thesegasestrapheat,leadingtoariseinglobaltemperaturesandacascadeofenvironmentalconsequences.Meltingicecaps,risingsealevels,andmorefrequentextremeweathereventsarejustafewexamplesofthedamagebeingdone.Tomitigatetheseeffects,scientistsandpolicymakersareexploringvariousstrategies,fromtransitioningtorenewableenergysourcestoimplementingcarboncapturetechnologies.Inadditiontoreducingemissions,conservingbiodiversityisanothercriticalaspectofenvironmentalprotection.Deforestationandhabitatdestructionhaveledtoadramaticdeclineinthenumberofspeciesworldwide.Thislossofbiodiversitynotonlydisruptsecosystemsbutalsounderminesthenaturalservicestheyprovide,suchaspollinationandwaterpurification.Conservationefforts,suchasestablishingprotectedareasandpromotingsustainableland-usepractices,areessentialtoreversingthistrend.However,theseeffortsrequiresignificantfinancialandpoliticalsupport,whichisoftenlackinginmanyregions.Theissueofplasticpollutionhasalsoemergedasamajorenvironmentalchallenge.Single-useplastics,inparticular,havebecomeaubiquitouspresenceintheenvironment,harmingwildlifeandcontaminatingecosystems.Effortstoreduceplasticconsumptionanddevelopbiodegradablealternativeshaveshownsomepromise,buttheproblemisfarfromsolved.Recyclingprograms,whilehelpful,areofteninefficientandfailtoaddresstherootcauseoftheissue.Acomprehensiveapproach,involvingpolicychanges,publiceducation,andinnovationinmaterialsscience,isneededtotacklethisproblemeffectively.Despitethechallenges,thereisreasonforhope.Manycountriesandorganizationsaremakingsignificantstridesinimplementingsustainablepractices.Forexample,theEuropeanUnionhassetambitiousgoalstobecomecarbon-neutralby2050.Similarly,citiesaroundtheworldareadoptinggreeninitiatives,suchasexpandingpublictransportationnetworksandinvestinginrenewableenergyinfrastructure.Theseefforts,whilecommendable,needtobescaledupandreplicatedgloballytomakeameaningfulimpact.Individualactionsalsoplayacrucialroleinaddressingenvironmentalissues.Simplesteps,suchasreducingenergyconsumption,usingpublictransportation,andminimizingwaste,cancollectivelymakeasignificantdifference.Moreover,supportingpoliciesandinitiativesthatpromoteenvironmentalsustainabilityisessential.Byworkingtogether,governments,organizations,andindividualscancreateamoresustainablefutureforgenerationstocome.18.Whatisthemaincauseoftheglobalclimatecrisisaccordingtothepassage?A.Thereleaseofgreenhousegasesfromburningfossilfuels.B.Themeltingoficecapsandrisingsealevels.C.Thedeclineinbiodiversityandhabitatdestruction.D.Theincreasingconsumptionofsingle-useplastics.19.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeoftheconsequencesoftheclimatecrisis?A.Morefrequentextremeweathereventsandmeltingicecaps.B.Thereductioninthenumberofspeciesanddeforestation.C.Theriseinglobaltemperaturesandplasticpollution.D.Theinefficiencyofrecyclingprogramsandlackoffinancialsupport.20.Whatsolutionsareproposedinthepassagetoaddresstheissueofplasticpollution?A.Developingbiodegradablealternativesandimprovingrecyclingprograms.B.Expandingpublictransportationnetworksandinvestinginrenewableenergy.C.Establishingprotectedareasandpromotingsustainableland-usepractices.D.Reducingenergyconsumptionandminimizingwaste.21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthecurrenteffortstocombatenvironmentalissues?A.Manycountriesaremakingsignificantstrides,butmoreneedstobedoneglobally.B.Individualactionsalonearesufficienttoaddressenvironmentalchallenges.C.Governmentsandorganizationsarefullycommittedtoimplementingsustainablepractices.D.Theproblemofplasticpollutionhasbeeneffectivelysolved.22.Accordingtothepassage,whatroledoindividualactionsplayinaddressingenvironmentalissues?A.Theyarenotasimportantasgovernmentandorganizationalefforts.B.Theycancollectivelymakeasignificantdifferencewhencombinedwithlargerinitiatives.C.Theyaretheprimarysolutiontoenvironmentalchallenges.D.Theyareoftenineffectiveanddonotcontributetosolvingtheproblem.23.Whatistheauthor'smainmessageinthepassage?A.Theglobalclimatecrisisiscausedbyavarietyoffactors,andaddressingitrequiresamultifacetedapproach.B.Governmentsandorganizationsshouldtaketheleadinimplementingsustainablepractices.C.Individualactionsarethemostimportantfactorincreatingasustainablefuture.D.Theproblemofplasticpollutionisthemosturgentenvironmentalissuefacingtheworldtoday.四、句子简化要求：下面的句子经过简化后，保留了句子的核心意思。请根据简化后的句子，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出与简化句意最接近的原始句子，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。这个题目啊，就像是在玩一场“猜灯谜”游戏，只不过谜底是句子。你得根据简化后的句子，回忆起原文中的信息，然后选择最接近的选项。这可真是个考验记忆力和理解力的活儿！24.Simplifiedsentence:Theburningoffossilfuelsreleasesgreenhousegasesthatcontributetoclimatechange.A.Meltingicecapsandrisingsealevelsaretheprimaryconsequencesofclimatechange.B.Thereleaseofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesfromburningfossilfuelsisamajorcontributortoglobalwarming.C.Scientistsandpolicymakersareexploringvariousstrategiestoreducecarbonemissions.D.Transitioningtorenewableenergysourcesisthemosteffectivewaytocombatclimatechange.25.Simplifiedsentence:Deforestationandhabitatdestructionhaveledtoasignificantdeclineinspeciesworldwide.A.Conservationefforts,suchasestablishingprotectedareas,areessentialtoreversingthetrendofbiodiversityloss.B.Thelossofbiodiversitynotonlydisruptsecosystemsbutalsounderminesthenaturalservicestheyprovide.C.Governmentsandorganizationsmustcollaboratetodevelopandimplementinnovativesolutionstoaddressthechallengesofclimatechange.D.Theissueofplasticpollutionhasemergedasamajorenvironmentalchallenge.26.Simplifiedsentence:Single-useplasticsareharmingwildlifeandcontaminatingecosystems.A.Recyclingprograms,whilehelpful,areofteninefficientandfailtoaddresstherootcauseoftheissue.B.Acomprehensiveapproach,involvingpolicychangesandpubliceducation,isneededtotackletheproblemofplasticpollutioneffectively.C.TheEuropeanUnionhassetambitiousgoalstobecomecarbon-neutralby2050.D.Citiesaroundtheworldareadoptinggreeninitiatives,suchasexpandingpublictransportationnetworks.27.Simplifiedsentence:Simplesteps,suchasreducingenergyconsumption,cancollectivelymakeasignificantdifference.A.Individualactionsalonearesufficienttoaddressenvironmentalchallenges.B.Supportingpoliciesandinitiativesthatpromoteenvironmentalsustainabilityisessential.C.Theproblemofplasticpollutionhasbeeneffectivelysolved.D.Governmentsandorganizationsarefullycommittedtoimplementingsustainablepractices.28.Simplifiedsentence:Thepassagehighlightstheneedforamultifacetedapproachtoaddressenvironmentalissues.A.Manycountriesandorganizationsaremakingsignificantstridesinimplementingsustainablepractices.B.Theglobalclimatecrisisiscausedbyavarietyoffactors,andaddressingitrequiresamultifacetedapproach.C.Individualactionsarethemostimportantfactorincreatingasustainablefuture.D.Theproblemofplasticpollutionisthemosturgentenvironmentalissuefacingtheworldtoday.本次试卷答案如下一、选词填空1.A.pressing解析：根据文章第一句“Therapiddepletionoftheozonelayerhasbeena_concernforscientistsworldwide”可知，臭氧层的快速消耗对全球科学家来说是一个紧迫的问题。pressing“紧迫的，迫切的”符合语境，指问题的严重性和需要立即处理的性质。2.B.contamination解析：根据文章第二句“Manyecosystemsarecurrentlyfacingunprecedentedlevelsof_duetohumanactivities”可知，由于人类活动，许多生态系统正面临史无前例的水平的……。contamination“污染”符合语境，指人类活动对生态系统造成的有害物质侵入和破坏。3.B.prominence解析：根据文章第三句“Renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,aregaining_asasustainablealternativetofossilfuels”可知，太阳能和风能等可再生能源作为化石燃料的可持续替代品，正获得……。prominence“突出，显著”符合语境，指可再生能源在能源结构中的重要性日益增加。4.B.recycling解析：根据文章第四句“Theconceptofacirculareconomyemphasizestheimportanceof_resourcestominimizewasteandmaximizeefficiencythroughouttheproductlifecycle”可知，循环经济的概念强调了在整个产品生命周期中减少浪费和最大化效率的……资源。recycling“回收利用”符合语境，指通过回收旧产品或材料来制造新产品，以减少资源消耗和浪费。5.B.escalating解析：根据文章第五句“Microplasticpollutionhasbecomea_issueinmarineenvironments”可知，微塑料污染已成为海洋环境中的……问题。escalating“不断加剧的”符合语境，指微塑料污染问题日益严重，对海洋环境的影响越来越大。6.C.increment解析：根据文章第六句“Thegreenhouseeffect,whilenatural,hasbeenexacerbatedbyhuman-inducedemissions,leadingtoasignificant_inglobaltemperatures”可知，温室效应虽然自然，但由人类引起的排放加剧，导致全球温度出现显著的……。increment“增加，增长”符合语境，指温室效应导致全球温度的上升。7.B.extinction解析：根据文章第七句“Biodiversityhotspotsareregionswithahighconcentrationofendemicspeciesthatareatriskof_duetohabitatdestructionandclimatechange”可知，生物多样性热点地区是特有物种高度集中的地区，由于栖息地破坏和气候变化而面临……的风险。extinction“灭绝”符合语境，指物种由于环境破坏和气候变化而面临消失的危险。8.B.impacts解析：根据文章第八句“Sustainableagriculturepracticesaimtoreducetheenvironmental_associatedwithfoodproduction,suchassoilerosionandwaterpollution”可知，可持续农业实践旨在减少与食品生产相关的……，如土壤侵蚀和水污染。impacts“影响”符合语境，指农业活动对环境造成的影响，包括土壤和水资源的污染。9.B.emission解析：根据文章第九句“TheKyotoProtocolwasasignificantinternationalagreementaimedatreducinggreenhousegas_tocombatglobalwarminganditsconsequences”可知，京都议定书是一项重要的国际协议，旨在减少温室气体……以应对全球变暖及其后果。emission“排放”符合语境，指减少温室气体的排放量以减缓全球变暖。10.B.decrease解析：根据文章第十句“Eutrophication,causedbyexcessivenutrientrunoff,canleadtoalgalbloomsthat_oxygenlevelsinwaterbodies,harmingaquaticlife”可知，富营养化，由过多的营养物径流引起，会导致藻华形成，使水体中的……水平下降，危害水生生物。decrease“下降”符合语境，指藻华消耗水中的氧气，导致氧气水平降低。二、段落信息匹配11.E解析：句子“Theconceptofacirculareconomyemphasizestheimportanceofrecyclingresources”与段落中的“Effortstopromotesustainablepracticesinindustriessuchasagricultureandmanufacturinghaveshownsomepromise,butmoreneedstobedonetoachievesignificantreductionsingreenhousegasemissions”相对应。句子强调了循环经济中回收资源的重要性，而段落中提到了可持续实践在农业和制造业中的努力，但需要更多行动来减少温室气体排放，这与循环经济的概念相符。12.F解析：句子“Acomprehensiveapproach,involvingpolicychanges,publiceducation,andinnovationinmaterialsscience,isneededtotacklethisproblemeffectively”与段落中的“Whileprogresshasbeenmade,theglobalcommunitystillfacessignificanthurdlesinitseffortstocombatclimatechangeeffectively”相对应。句子提出了解决塑料污染问题的综合方法，而段落中提到了尽管取得了进展，但全球社区在有效应对气候变化方面仍面临重大障碍，这暗示了需要更全面的解决方案。13.G解析：句子“Energystoragesolutionsareessentialfortheeffectiveintegrationofrenewableenergyintothegrid,butcurrenttechnologiesfallshort”与段落中的“Theissueofenergystorageremainsunresolved,ascurrentmethodsareofteninefficientandenvironmentallyharmful”相对应。句子强调了储能解决方案对于可再生能源并网的重要性，而段落中提到了储能问题仍未解决，因为现有方法通常效率低下且对环境有害，这与句子的内容一致。14.D解析：句子“Soilerosionandwaterpollutionareexamplesoftheenvironmentalimpactsoffoodproduction”与段落中的“Sustainableagriculturepracticesaimtoreducetheenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwithfoodproduction,suchassoilerosionandwaterpollution”相对应。句子提到了土壤侵蚀和水污染是食品生产的环境影响，而段落中提到了可持续农业实践旨在减少与食品生产相关的环境影响，如土壤侵蚀和水污染，这与句子的内容一致。15.C解析：句子“Publiceducationisvitalforfosteringacultureofsustainabilityandencouragingindividualstomakeenvironmentallyresponsiblechoices”与段落中的“Publicawarenesscampaignshavealsoplayedacrucialroleineducatingpeopleabouttheimportanceoftakingactionagainstclimatechange”相对应。句子强调了公众教育对于培养可持续文化的重要性，而段落中提到了公众意识运动在教育人们关于采取行动对抗气候变化的重要性方面也发挥了关键作用，这与句子的内容一致。16.A解析：句子“Governmentsandorganizationsmustcollaboratetodevelopandimplementinnovativesolutionstoaddressthechallengesofclimatechange”与段落中的“Theglobalclimatecrisishasacceleratedinrecentdecades,promptingurgentcallsforaction”相对应。句子强调了政府和组织必须合作开发和实施创新解决方案以应对气候变化挑战，而段落中提到了全球气候危机近年来加速，迫切需要采取行动，这与句子的内容一致。17.B解析：句子“Thelossofbiodiversitynotonlydisruptsecosystemsbutalsounderminesthenaturalservicestheyprovide”与段落中的“Theissueofplasticpollutionhasemergedasamajorenvironmentalchallenge”相对应。句子提到了生物多样性丧失不仅破坏生态系统，还破坏它们提供的自然服务，而段落中提到了塑料污染已成为一个主要的环境挑战，这暗示了生物多样性丧失的严重性，这与句子的内容一致。三、阅读理解18.A解析：根据文章第一段“Theglobalclimatecrisishasacceleratedinrecentdecades,promptingurgentcallsforaction.Oneofthemostsignificantcontributorstothiscrisisistheburningoffossilfuels,whichreleaseslargeamountsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere”可知，全球气候危机近年来加速，迫切需要采取行动。燃烧化石燃料是这一危机的最主要贡献者，它向大气中释放大量二氧化碳和其他温室气体。因此，A选项“燃烧化石燃料释放温室气体导致气候变化”是正确答案。19.A解析：根据文章第一段“Meltingicecaps,risingsealevels,andmorefrequentextremeweathereventsarejustafewexamplesofthedamagebeingdone”可知，融化冰盖、海平面上升以及更频繁的极端天气事件只是造成破坏的几个例子。因此，A选项“更频繁的极端天气事件和融化冰盖”是正确答案。20.A解析：根据文章第三段“Effortstoreduceplasticconsumptionanddevelopbiodegradablealternativeshaveshownsomepromise,buttheproblemisfarfromsolved.Recyclingprograms,whilehelpful,areofteninefficientandfailtoaddresstherootcauseoftheissue”可知，减少塑料消费和发展可生物降解替代品的努力取得了一些进展，但问题远未解决。回收计划虽然有帮助，但通常效率低下，无法解决根本问题。因此，A选项“开发可生物降解替代品和改进回收计划”是正确答案。21.A解析：根据文章最后一段“Manycountriesandorganizationsaremakingsignificantstridesinimplementingsustainablepractices.However,theglobalcommunitystillfacesnumerousobstaclesinitsquesttocombatthispressingissue”可知，许多国家和组织正在实施可持续实践方面取得重大进展。然而，全球社区仍在努力应对这一紧迫问题方面面临众多障碍。因此，A选项“许多国家正在取得重大进展，但全球仍需做更多”是正确答案。22.B解析：根据文章最后一段“Individ