2024沪教版八年级上册Unit 3 Section 4 Focusing on culture

Unit3Ourdigitallives主题范畴：人与社会主题群：科学与技术子主题：科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新KeyquestionHowhasdigitaltechnologychangedourlives?learnaboutthehistoryofcomputertechnologydevelopmentandthestoryoftechtalentAlanTuring.recognizeandunderstandtheusageofkeywords,phrasesandsentencepatternsinthepassage.learnthetextfeaturesofpopularsciencearticles/expositoryessays,andpredictthestructureandcontentofthereadingpassage.Learningobjectives学习目标Attheendoftheclass,Iwillbeableto:basis/ˈbeɪsɪs/

microprocessor

/ˌmaɪkrəʊˈprəʊsesə(r)/microchip/ˈmaɪkrəʊtʃɪp/major/ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/breakthrough/ˈbreɪkθruː/electronic/ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/

n.基础n.微处理器n.微芯片；芯片adj.主要的；重要的n.突破；重大进展adj.电子的Newwordsandphrasesoftware/ˈsɒftweə(r)/

app/æp/

era/ˈɪərə/download/ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/tiny/ˈtaɪni/thegeneralpublicn.软件n.（application的缩写）应用程序；应用软件n.时代；纪元v.下载adj.微小的公众；大众Itisthemostusefultoolinourlife.Wecancalculate,type,anddrawthingswiththem.Computerscanalsodosomeimportantjobs.Theycanoperaterailwaysandflyplanesandspaceships.Doyouthinkcomputersareuseful?Canyougivesomeexamples?WarmingupCalculate.Playgames.Type.Flyplanes.Look&sayWhatcanwedowithcomputers?Howhasdigitaltechnologychangedtheworld?Computertechnologydevelopsquicklyandhaschangedourworldgreatly.Let’sexplorethehistoryofcomputers.计算机技术发展迅速，极大地改变了我们的世界。让我们来探索计算机的历史。Pre-readingReadthetexttofindouthowcomputershavedevelopedovertheyears.Thestoryofthecomputer1837InBritain,thefirstmachinewithaprogramwasdesignedbyCharlesBabbageandhisstudentAdaLovelace.Charleswantedamachinetoaddupbignumbers,butAdarealizedthatacomputerprogramcoulddoalotmore.Shewasthefirstcomputerprogrammer.Acomputerisanymachinethatcanbeprogrammedwithasetofinstructions.While-reading1936BritishscientistAlanTuringreadAda’sideasandcreatedtheTuringmachine,thebasicdesignofacomputersystem.TheTuringmachinecoulddoallkindsofcalculations,anditcouldalsorundifferentprograms.Thisisthebasisforallmoderncomputers.1940sScientistsbuiltearlycomputersinEnglandandGermany.Theywerethesizeofaroom!1971TedHoffwasthemaininventorofthemicroprocessor,or“microchip”.Thiswasamajorbreakthroughinthehistoryofcomputers.Thankstothemicrochip,computersandotherelectronicdevicesgotfasterandsmallerveryquickly.1981AUScompanydesignedthefirstPC(personalcomputer)forthegeneralpublic.Expertsdidn’tbelievethatanybodywantedacomputerathome.Butintwoyearstheysoldthousandsofthem.1990s—presentSmartphones—phoneswithcomputersoftware—arrived!Today’ssmartphonescanconnecttotheinternetandrunallkindsofdifferentapps—inotherwords,theyaresmallcomputers.Thearrivalofsmartphoneshasstartedaneweraindigitaltechnology.Expressionssuchas“Wi-Fi”,“download”and“app”havebecomepartofourdailylives.ThefutureComputertechnologycontinuestodevelop.Somecomputerswillbetiny—perhapswewillevenhavecomputersinourclothes.Scientistsbelievethatquantumcomputers(量子计算机)willbethenextbigbreakthrough.Theywillbemanytimesfasterthantoday’scomputers,andmuchmorepowerful.艾伦·图灵

(AlanTuring)是一位英国数学家、逻辑学家，被誉为“计算机科学之父”和“人工智能之父”。他于1936年提出了“图灵机”的概念。微芯片是一种高度集成的电子电路，是现代计算、通信、制造和交通系统的关键组成部分。量子计算机是一种利用量子力学原理工作的计算机。它使用量子比特来存储信息。尽管量子计算机目前还处于发展阶段，但它们有潜力在未来解决许多我们现在难以解决的问题。文化背景Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.1.Whowasfirstcomputerprogrammer?2.Whatisthebasisforallmoderncomputers?3.Werecomputersbigorsmallinthe1940s?4.WhodesignedthefirstPCforthegeneralpublic?AdaLovelace.Theywerebig(asthesizeofaroom).AUScompany.TheTuringmachine.Completethetablebasedonyourownunderstanding.AnswerReasonThefuturecomputersProblemwemayfaceNo.Humanbrainscanproducenewideasbutcomputerscannot.Theymaybetinyandquantumcomputerswillbethenextbigbreakthrough.Howtoadapttotherapiddevelopmentofcomputersandimproveourlife.Isthecomputerclevererthanhuman?Doyouagreethatcomputerswillbeabletodoallourjobsinthefuture?Givereasons.GroupA-prosGroupB-cons Yes,Ido.Lotsofpeoplearealreadylosttheirjobsbecauseofcomputer-controlledmachines…No,Idon’t.…NotesInMay2021,ChineseresearchersbuiltapowerfulquantumcomputercalledZuchongzhi.Quantumcomputersareanewtypeofcomputer.Theymakecalculationswiththehelpofquantummechanics.2021年5月，中国的研究人员建造了一台名为“祖冲之”的强大的量子计算机。量子计算机是一种新型计算机。它们在量子力学的帮助下进行计算。(1)WhatdidCharlesBabbageandAdaLovelacedoin1837?(2)WhowasAlanTuringandwhatdidhedo?Answerthequestionsbelowwiththeinformationfromthetextonpage46.Theydesignedthefirstmachinewithaprogram.AlanTuringwasaBritishscientist.HecreatedtheTuringmachine,thebasicdesignofacomputersystem.(3)WhowasTedHoff?Whathappenedafterhisinvention?TedHoffwasthemaininventorofthemicroprocessor,or“microchip”.Afterhisinvention,computersandotherelectronicdevicesgotfasterandsmaller.(4)Whatwillbethenextbigbreakthroughincomputertechnology?Scientistsbelievequantumcomputerswillbethenextbigbreakthroughincomputertechnology.Findthewordsandthephraseinthetextandmatchthemwiththeirmeanings.(1)major(2)thegeneralpublic(3)era(4)software(5)downloadaprogramsonacomputer,phone,etc.baparticularperiodinhistorycpeopleinsocietydtogetdata,files,software,etc.fromtheinternetegreaterormoreimportantHowhavesmartphoneschangedourdailylives?Howwilltheycontinuetochangeourdailylives?Shareyourideaswiththeclass.Post-readingWhoinventedtheWorldWideWeb?Howhasitchangedtheworld?Goonlineandlearnmoreaboutthedigitalrevolution.ExploringmoreWatchavideoThedigitalrevolution(数字革命)andanswertwoquestions.(1)Whatbadthingsabouttheinternetdoesthespeakermention?(2)WhydoesthespeakersaythatTimBerners-Leegavetheworld“awonderfulpresent”?ThedigitalrevolutionTheworldtodayisverydifferentbecauseoftheweb.Nowtherearethreebillionpeopleonline.Theinternetgivesusinformation,friends,andalotmore.Lifeiseasier.Wecangoonlinenearlyeverywhere—athome,outsideandincafés.Butsomepeoplethinktherearebadthingsabouttheweb.Isitagoodthingforthesecompaniestobesobigandpowerful?Canwestoppeoplebecomingaddictedtocomputergames?Therearesomebigproblems.ButTimBerners-Lee’sidea—toconnectpeoplewhoarenotrichorpowerful—isstilltrue.KudjoisasuccessfulfarmerinGhanaandforhimtheinternetisveryimportant.Atfirst,hedidn’tknowhowtousetheweb.Thenafriendgavehimsomepracticallessons.Nowhebrowsesforinformation.Theinternethelpshimtogrowhiscropsandtosellthem.Hechecksoutthepricesofdifferentproducts.Thenhecansellhisproductsatthecorrectprice.Hecancompetewiththebigfarmersnowandhecanearnmoremoney.Kudjofeelsconnectedtotheworld,notalone.ThisiswhatTimBerners-Leewantedwhenheinventedtheweb.Hecreatedsomethingamazingandit’sstillchangingtoday.Butheneverearnedmoneyfromit.Hegaveitawaytotheworldforfreebecausehewantedeveryonetobenefitfromit.TheseyoungpeopleinAfricatodayaredoingexactlythat.Whatawonderfulpresent!视频文本(1)Whatbadthingsabouttheinternetdoesthespeakermention?(2)WhydoesthespeakersaythatTimBerners-Leegavetheworld“awonderfulpresent”?Someinternetcompaniesbecomesobigandpowerful.Peoplebecomeaddictedtocomputergames.BecauseTimBerners-Leeinventedthewebandgaveittotheworldforfree.Alotofpeoplebenefitfromit.1837InBritain,thefirstmachinewithaprogramwasdesignedbyCharlesBabbageandhisstudentAdaLovelace.Charleswantedamachinetoaddupbignumbers,butAdarealizedthatacomputerprogramcoulddoalotmore.Shewasthefirstcomputerprogrammer.Acomputerisanymachinethatcanbeprogrammedwithasetofinstructions.一套；一组加起来Usefulexpression1936BritishscientistAlanTuringreadAda’sideasandcreatedtheTuringmachine,thebasicdesignofacomputersystem.TheTuringmachinecoulddoallkindsofcalculations,anditcouldalsorundifferentprograms.Thisisthebasisforallmoderncomputers.1940sScientistsbuiltearlycomputersinEnglandandGermany.Theywerethesizeofaroom!各种各样的…………的尺寸1971TedHoffwasthemaininventorofthemicroprocessor,or“microchip”.Thiswasamajorbreakthroughinthehistoryofcomputers.Thankstothemicrochip,computersandotherelectronicdevicesgotfasterandsmallerveryquickly.1981AUScompanydesignedthefirstPC(personalcomputer)forthegeneralpublic.Expertsdidn’tbelievethatanybodywantedacomputerathome.Butintwoyearstheysoldthousandsofthem.多亏了……;由于……=becauseof...数以千计的……1990s—presentSmartphones—phoneswithcomputersoftware—arrived!Today’ssmartphonecanconnecttotheinternetandrunallkindsofdifferentapps—inotherwords,theyaresmallcomputers.Thearrivalofsmartphoneshasstartedaneweraindigitaltechnology.Expressionssuchas“Wi-Fi”,“download”and“app”havebecomepartofourdailylives.ThefutureComputertechnologycontinuestodevelop.Somecomputerswillbetiny—perhapswewillevenhavecomputersinourclothes.Scientistsbelievethatquantumcomputers(量子计算机)willbethenextbigbreakthrough.Theywillbemanytimesfasterthantoday’scomputers,andmuchmorepowerful.换句话说继续做某事Thankstothemicrochip,computersandotherelectronicde