2025年全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级试卷：环保科技英语阅读理解

2025年全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级试卷：环保科技英语阅读理解考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______一、单项选择要求：从每小题的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。每小题1分，共20分。1.Therapiddevelopmentoftechnologyhasbroughtabout______changesinourdailylives,makingthemmoreconvenientandefficient.A.tremendousB.slightC.gradualD.minimal2.Renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,areconsidered______alternativestofossilfuelsbecausetheyproducelesspollutionandaremoresustainableinthelongrun.A.feasibleB.controversialC.outdatedD.inefficient3.Manyscientistsarguethatglobalwarmingisprimarilycausedbyhumanactivities,______theemissionofgreenhousegasesfromindustriesandvehicles.A.includingB.excludingC.consistingofD.regarding4.Thegovernmenthasimplementedvariouspoliciestopromotetheadoptionofelectricvehicles,______thehopeofreducingtrafficcongestionandimprovingairquality.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom5.Sustainableagriculturepracticesaimtominimizetheenvironmentalimpactoffarming,______theuseofchemicalfertilizersandpesticides.A.byreducingB.throughthereductionC.withthereductionD.inreducing6.Theriseofsingle-useplasticshasposedasignificantthreattomarineecosystems,______millionsofmarineanimalsareinjuredorkilledeachyear.A.accordingtorecentstudiesB.whichisaccordingtorecentstudiesC.accordingtowhichrecentstudiesD.recentstudieshaveshownthat7.Energy-efficientappliancesaredesignedtoconsumelesselectricity,______reducesbothenergycostsandcarbonemissions.A.itB.whichC.themD.their8.Deforestationcontributestoclimatechange,______thelossofforestsreducestheEarth'scapacitytoabsorbcarbondioxide.A.becauseB.asC.sinceD.for9.Thedevelopmentofsmartgridshasimprovedthereliabilityofelectricitysupply,______thegridcanbettermanagethefluctuatingdemandforpower.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.that10.Manycountriesareinvestingingreentechnologytocombatclimatechange,______renewableenergyprojectsarebecomingmorecost-effective.A.asB.becauseC.whereD.which11.Theuseofbiodegradablematerialsisontherise,______theydecomposenaturallyandposelessrisktotheenvironment.A.whichB.becauseC.asD.that12.Theconceptofacirculareconomyemphasizesthereuseandrecyclingofresources,______wasteisminimizedandresourcesareconserved.A.whereB.whichC.asD.that13.Theincreasingpopularityofhomeautomationsystemshasmadeiteasierforpeopletosaveenergy,______smartdevicescanbecontrolledremotely.A.whichB.whereC.asD.that14.TheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA)playsacrucialroleinpromotingtheadoptionofrenewableenergyworldwide,______membercountriessharebestpracticesandcollaborateonprojects.A.whichB.whereC.asasD.that15.Theuseofcarboncaptureandstorage(CCS)technologyaimstoreducegreenhousegasemissionsbycapturingcarbondioxideandstoringitunderground,______itdoesnotentertheatmosphere.A.whichB.whereC.asD.that16.Thegrowthofurbanpopulationshasledtoincreasedpollution,______sustainableurbanplanningisessentialtomitigateitsimpact.A.whereB.whichC.asD.that17.Thedevelopmentofelectricbikeshasprovidedagreeneralternativetotraditionalbicycles,______theystilloffertheconvenienceofpersonaltransportation.A.whichB.whereC.asD.that18.Theuseofsolarpanelshasbecomemoreaffordableinrecentyears,______homeownerscangeneratetheirownelectricityandreducetheirrelianceonthegrid.A.whichB.whereC.asD.that19.Theriseofe-commercehasledtoincreasedpackagingwaste,______sustainablepackagingsolutionsareneededtoreduceenvironmentalimpact.A.whichB.whereC.asD.that20.Theconceptofa"zero-wastelifestyle"encouragespeopletominimizewasteandmakemoreenvironmentallyfriendlychoices,______theycanreducetheirecologicalfootprint.A.whichB.whereC.asD.that二、阅读理解要求：阅读下面的短文，回答问题。每小题2分，共20分。Passage1Therapidadvancementoftechnologyhasrevolutionizedthewaywelive,work,andinteractwiththeenvironment.Oneofthemostsignificantdevelopmentsinrecentyearshasbeentheriseofsmarttechnology,whichhasmadeitpossibletomonitorandmanagevariousaspectsofourlivesmoreefficiently.Smarttechnologyreferstodevicesandsystemsthatcancommunicatewitheachotherandbecontrolledremotely,oftenusingtheinternet.Thishasledtothedevelopmentofsmarthomes,smartcities,andsmartgrids,amongotherthings.Smarthomes,forexample,allowhomeownerstocontrolvariousaspectsoftheirhomes,suchaslighting,heating,andcooling,fromasingledevice.Thisnotonlymakeslifemoreconvenientbutalsohelpstoreduceenergyconsumption.Smartcities,ontheotherhand,usetechnologytoimprovetheefficiencyofpublicservices,suchastransportationandwastemanagement.Byusingsensorsanddataanalytics,citiescanbettermanagetrafficflow,reducepollution,andimprovetheoverallqualityoflifefortheirresidents.Smartgridsareanotherareawheretechnologyismakingasignificantimpact.Thesegridsuseadvancedtechnologytomonitorandmanagetheflowofelectricity,ensuringthatitisdistributedmoreefficientlyandreliably.Thishelpstoreduceenergywasteandimprovethestabilityofthepowersupply.Additionally,smartgridscanintegraterenewableenergysourcesmoreeffectively,furtherreducingrelianceonfossilfuelsandcontributingtoamoresustainableenergyfuture.Despitethemanybenefitsofsmarttechnology,therearealsosomechallenges.Oneofthemainconcernsistheissueofprivacyandsecurity.Asmoredevicesbecomeconnectedtotheinternet,thereisariskthatpersonalinformationcouldbecompromised.Anotherchallengeisthecostofimplementingsmarttechnology,particularlyindevelopingcountrieswhereresourcesmaybelimited.However,astechnologycontinuestoadvanceandbecomemoreaffordable,thesechallengesarelikelytobeovercome.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thenegativeimpactsofsmarttechnologyonprivacyandsecurity.B.Thebenefitsandchallengesofsmarttechnologyinvariousapplications.C.Thehistoryofsmarttechnologyanditsdevelopmentovertime.D.Theroleofsmarttechnologyinreducingenergyconsumption.2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeexamplesofsmarttechnology?A.Smarthomes,smartcities,andsmartgrids.B.Smartphones,smartwatches,andsmartcars.C.Smartlights,smartheatingsystems,andsmartcoolingsystems.D.Smartenergymeters,smartsensors,andsmartdataanalytics.3.Whatisthepurposeofsmartcities?A.Toimprovetheefficiencyofpublicservicesandreducepollution.B.Toincreasethenumberofpeoplelivingincities.C.Tomakecitiesmoreattractivefortourists.D.Toreducethecostoflivingincities.4.Howdosmartgridshelptoimprovetheenergysupply?A.Byintegratingrenewableenergysourcesmoreeffectively.B.Byreducingtheamountofelectricityconsumed.C.Byincreasingthecostofelectricity.D.Bymakingiteasiertogenerateelectricity.5.Whataresomeofthechallengesassociatedwithsmarttechnology?A.Privacyandsecurityconcerns,andthecostofimplementation.B.Thelackoftechnicalexpertise,andtheneedformoreresearch.C.Theincreasingrelianceonfossilfuels,andthelackofrenewableenergysources.D.Thedifficultyinmanaginglarge-scaleprojects,andthelackoffunding.6.Whatistheauthor'sopiniononthefutureofsmarttechnology?A.Theauthorbelievesthatsmarttechnologywillfacemanychallengesinthefuture.B.Theauthorbelievesthatsmarttechnologywillbecomemoreaffordableandwidespreadinthefuture.C.Theauthorbelievesthatsmarttechnologywillbereplacedbynewtechnologiesinthefuture.D.Theauthorbelievesthatsmarttechnologywillhavenosignificantimpactonthefuture.7.Whatisthemainbenefitofsmarthomes?A.Theyaremoreexpensivethantraditionalhomes.B.Theyaremoredifficulttomaintainthantraditionalhomes.C.Theyallowhomeownerstocontrolvariousaspectsoftheirhomesremotely.D.Theyareonlysuitableforwealthyhomeowners.8.Howdosmartcitiesusetechnologytoimprovepublicservices?A.Byusingtechnologytomonitorandmanagetrafficflow.B.Byusingtechnologytoimprovewastemanagement.C.Byusingtechnologytoprovidebetterhealthcareservices.D.Byusingtechnologytoimproveeducationservices.9.Whatistheroleofsmartgridsintheenergysupply?A.Theyhelptoreduceenergywasteandimprovethestabilityofthepowersupply.B.Theyhelptoincreasethecostofelectricity.C.Theyhelptoreducetherelianceonfossilfuels.D.Theyhelptogeneratemoreelectricity.10.Whatisthebiggestchallengefacingsmarttechnology?A.Thecostofimplementingsmarttechnology.B.Thelackoftechnicalexpertise.C.Theissueofprivacyandsecurity.D.Theincreasingrelianceonfossilfuels.三、完形填空要求：阅读下面的短文，将文中空缺处的单词填写在答题卡相应的位置上。每小题1分，共10分。Globalwarmingisaseriousissuethataffectstheentireplanet.Itiscausedbytheincreaseofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere,______(1)trapsheatandcausestheEarth'stemperaturetorise.Themainsourcesofthesegasesareburningfossilfuels,suchascoal,oil,andnaturalgas,______(2)areusedforenergyproduction,transportation,andindustrialactivities.Deforestationalsocontributestoglobalwarming,______(3)treesabsorbcarbondioxide,amajorgreenhousegas.Theconsequencesofglobalwarmingarefar-reachinganddevastating.Risingsealevels,______(4)canleadtocoastalfloodingandthedisplacementofcommunities,areamajorconcern.Morefrequentandsevereweatherevents,______(5)includehurricanes,droughts,andheatwaves,poseasignificantthreattobothhumanlifeandwildlife.Agriculturalproductivityisalsoaffected,______(6)manyregionsfacechallengesinproducingenoughfoodtofeedtheirpopulations.Toaddressthisglobalcrisis,itisessentialtotakeimmediateaction.Renewableenergysources,______(7)suchassolarandwindpower,shouldbeheavilyinvestedintoreducerelianceonfossilfuels.Energy-efficienttechnologiesandpracticesmustbeadoptedtominimizeenergyconsumption.Additionally,reforestationandafforestationeffortscanhelpabsorbmorecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Individualactionsalsoplayacrucialrole,______(8)reducingwaste,conservingwater,andmakingsustainablechoicesinourdailylives.Internationalcooperationisvitalintacklingglobalwarming.Countriesneedtoworktogethertosetandachieveambitiousclimatetargets,______(9)cansignificantlyreducegreenhousegasemissions.Climatefinanceisalsonecessarytosupportdevelopingcountriesintheireffortstocombatclimatechange.Publicawarenessandeducationareequallyimportant,______(10)canempowerindividualstotakeactionandadvocateforchange.1.which2.that3.because4.which5.that6.which7.like8.which9.what10.that四、翻译要求：将下列句子翻译成英语。每小题2分，共10分。1.我们应该努力减少塑料垃圾，以保护海洋生态系统。2.政府已经出台了一系列政策来鼓励人们使用公共交通工具。3.发展绿色技术对于应对气候变化至关重要。4.单个家庭也可以采取一些措施来节约能源。5.许多科学家认为，人类活动是导致全球变暖的主要原因。五、书面表达要求：假设你是李华，请根据以下提示写一篇短文，介绍你所在社区是如何进行垃圾分类的。不少于80词。1.在我们社区，垃圾分类已经成为一项重要的环保活动。2.社区设立了三个不同的垃圾桶，分别用于回收可回收物、厨余垃圾和其他垃圾。3.居民们都很积极参与，他们按照规定将垃圾投放到相应的垃圾桶中。4.通过垃圾分类，我们社区的环保意识得到了提高，环境也得到了改善。Inourcommunity,wastesortinghasbecomeanimportantenvironmentalactivity.Therearethreedifferentbinssetupinthecommunity,分别用于回收可回收物、厨余垃圾和其他垃圾。Theresidentsareveryactiveinparticipating.Theyputthewasteintothecorrespondingbinsaccordingtotherules.Throughwastesorting,ourcommunity'senvironmentalawarenesshasbeenimproved,andtheenvironmenthasalsobeenimproved.本次试卷答案如下一、单项选择答案及解析1.A解析：根据句意，科技发展带来了巨大的变化，所以选tremendous（巨大的）。2.A解析：renewableenergysources是可行的替代品，所以选feasible（可行的）。3.A解析：句子列举了人类活动导致全球变暖的原因，including（包括）符合句意。4.A解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的policies，所以选which。5.A解析：byreducing（通过减少）符合句意，表示方式状语。6.A解析：accordingtorecentstudies（根据最近的研究）符合句意，说明数据来源。7.B解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的appliances，所以选which。8.A解析：because引导原因状语从句，说明deforestation导致climatechange的原因。9.B解析：where引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的grid，所以选where。10.B解析：because引导原因状语从句，说明投资greentechnology的原因。11.B解析：because引导原因状语从句，说明biodegradablematerials受欢迎的原因。12.A解析：where引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的circulareconomy，所以选where。13.B解析：where引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的homeautomationsystems，所以选where。14.B解析：where引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的IRENA，所以选where。15.A解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的CCStechnology，所以选which。16.A解析：where引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的urbanpopulations，所以选where。17.A解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的electricbikes，所以选which。18.A解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的solarpanels，所以选which。19.A解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的riseofe-commerce，所以选which。20.A解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的“zero-wastelifestyle”，所以选which。二、阅读理解答案及解析1.B解析：文章主要讨论了smarttechnology的benefitsandchallenges，所以选B。2.A解析：文章提到了smarthomes,smartcities,andsmartgrids作为smarttechnology的例子，所以选A。3.A解析：文章提到smartcities的目的是improvetheefficiencyofpublicservicesandreducepollution，所以选A。4.A解析：文章提到smartgrids通过integratingrenewableenergysourcesmoreeffectively来improvetheenergysupply，所以选A。5.A解析：文章提到smarttechnology的challenges是privacyandsecurityconcerns,andthecostofimplementation，所以选A。6.B解析：文章最后提到smarttechnologywillbecomemoreaffordableandwidespreadinthefuture，所以选B。7.C解析：文章提到smarthomesallowhomeownerstocontrolvariousaspectsoftheirhomesremotely，所以选C。8.A解析：文章提到smartcitiesusetechnologytomonitorandmanagetrafficflow，所以选A。9.A解析：文章提到smartgridshelptoreduceenergywasteandimprovethestabilityofthepowersupply，所以选A。10.C解析：文章提到thebiggestchallengefacingsmarttechnologyistheissueofprivacyandsecurity，所以选C。三、完形填空答案及解析1.which解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的greenhousegases。2.that解析：that引导定语从句，修饰前面的fossilfuels。3.because解析：because引导原因状语从句，说明deforestationcontribut