Unit3Makeithappen语法动词不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语-外研版八年级英语上册

Unit3Makeithappen!语法动词不定式作宾语1.定义：动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式不定式有两种形式:一种是带to的不定式，to+动词原形一种是不带to的不定式，即，动词原形不定式(短语)在句中不能单独作谓语，但可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习带to的不定式(短语)作宾语的用法。带to的不定式(短语)在句中可作宾语。2.用法①常见的带to的不定式作作宾语的动词有want，hope，wish，expect,decide,try,,plan,forget,remember,ask,help,need,learn,seem,agree,choose,fail......Iwanttogotoschool.IplantogotoShanghai.*help可接带to的不定式或不带to的不定式作宾语，其意思不变。②know,ask,show，teach,decide,findout等动词短语后可用“疑问词(what，which，who，where，when，how等)连用+动词不定式”结构作宾语。Iknowhowtomakecakes.Bobdoesn'tknowwheretogotomorrow.Pleaseteachmehowtoplaytheviolin.③like，love，begin，start等动词后既可以接动词不定式，也可以接动名词形式，意义上差别不大。④find/think/feel+it+形容词+动词不定式发现/认为/感觉做某事是…其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglish.3.常见动词不定式+todo短语refusetodosth.拒绝做某事pretendtodosth.假装改某事learntodosth.学习做某事needtodosth.需要做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事seemtodosth.好像似乎做某事plantodosth.计划做某事wishtodosth.希望做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事helptodosth.帮助做某事managetodosth.设法做成某事offertodosth.主动提出做某事choosetodosth.选择做某事decidetodosth.决定做某事expecttodosth.期望做某事preparetodosth.准备改某事promisetodosth.承诺故某事wouldliketodosth.想要改某事failtodosth.未能做某事4.动词+todo/doing意思相同短语liketodo/doingsth.喜欢做某事hatetodo/doingsth.憎恨做某事begintodo/doingsth.开始做某事continuetodo/dningsth.继续做某事lovetodo/doingsth.喜欢改某事prefertodo/doingsth.宁可做某事starttodo/doingsth.开始改某事5.动词+todo/doing意思不同短语remembertodosth.记得要做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事regrettodosth.遗憾要做某事regretdoingsth.后悔/遗憾做过某事meantodosth.打算改某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止在做的事trytodosth.尽力做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事练习①Mybrother,Tom,iscrazyaboutpopmusicandhehopesmusicclub.A.joinB.joiningC.tojoinD.joined②.Wecan'taffordanymistakesbecauseitisanimportanttask.A.tomakeB.makingC.makeD.made③.Didyouforgetoffthelightwhenyoulefttheroomjustnow?No,Irememberthat,Mum.A.toturn;todoB.turning,doing.C.toturn;doingD.turning；todo.④.HowwasyourtriptoBeijing?Great.ldecidedtherewithmyparentsagainnextyear.A.togoB.goingC.goD.went⑤.Hepromisedhisroomaftergettingbackfromschool.A.totidyB.tidyC.tidyingD.tidies动名词作宾语一.动名词的构成与特征动名词的构成:动词+ing;动名词的特征:动名词具有动词和名词的特征二、动名词的作用:作宾语动名词主要放在一些动词或介词的后面作宾语,此外还需要用在某些特定的句型结构中.1.在动词后面作宾语这些动词后面一般接动名词作宾语：admit(承认);advise(建议);anticipate(期望);appreciate(感激/欣赏);avoid(避免);consider(考虑);delay(推迟);deny(否认);discuss(讨论);enjoy(享受)fancy(喜欢);feellike(想要);finish(结束);giveup(放弃);imagine(想象);can'thelp(情不自禁);mind(介意);permit(允许);practice(练习);putoff(推迟);risk(冒险);suggest(建议);involve(涉及/需要)例子：Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.主语动词宾语状语2.在介词后面作宾语一般在介词后面不可以直接用动词原形而需要用动名词形式,特别注意to既可以是介词也可以是不定式todo(此时跟动词原形);跟动名词的短语有:lookforwardto(期待);objectto(反对);be/getusedto(习惯于);preferdoingAtodoingB(相比做B这件事更喜欢做A这件事);inadditionto(除此之外);amounttodoing(意味着);taketodoingsth(开始喜欢做):devote...todoing/bedevotedtodoingsth投身于做某事;dedicate…todoing/bededicatedtodoingsth奉献于做某事;theapproach/solutiontodoingsth做某事的方法:例子：Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.我很期待你的来信。主语谓语宾语3.在特定的句型中作宾语做某事很开心/做某事遇到了麻烦等havedifficulty/trouble/problemsindoingsth做某事有问题have/fun/pleasure/agoodtimeindoingsth做某事很开心haveahardtime/adifficulttimeindoingsth做某事很困难表示“情不自禁”或“不得不”的短语can'thelpdoingsth;can'tresistdoingsth;can'tkeepfromdoingsth;can'tholdbackfromdoingsth;can'tkeepbackfromdoingsth;其他句型:beworthdoingsth；bebusydoingsth三：练习1.ThankyouformewithEnglish.You'rewele.A.helpB.helpsC.helpingD.tohelp2.ThoseboysEnglishattheEnglishcornernow.A.practisespeakingB.practicingspokenC.arepractisingspeakingD.arepracticingtospeak3.Doyoumindyourdictionarytome?.A.borrowB.lendingC.lendD.borrowing4.Moststudents