Unit1HappyHoliday语法知识讲解和练习人教版英语八年级上册

八年级英语上册Unit1语法知识讲解和练习一、知识讲解【复合不定代词】定义：复合不定代词是由some,any,every,no分别加one,body,thing构成的不定代词。在句中可作主语、宾语成表语。Everybodyherelikesswimming.这里的每个人都喜欢游泳。用法：复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时，形容词、动词不定式等应置于其后。Isthereanythingimportantintoday'snewspaper?今天的报然上有什么重要的事情吗？含有some的复合不定代词多用于肯定句中，也可用于表示邀请、请求或建议的疑问句中，表示说话者希望得到肯定答案。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想喝点儿什么吗？含有any的复合不定代词多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中，也可用于肯定句中，意为“任何人/事“。Idon'thaveanythingtosay.我没什么要说的。(否定句)Anyonecandothework.任何人都能做这个工作。(肯定句，表示“任何人”)【一般过去时】概念：一般过去时表示在过去某个时间点或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作动词。过去式的构成：1、规则动词的变化①一般规则：大多数动词在词尾加ed。例如：play→played,work→worked,want→wanted。②以不发音的e结尾的动词：只需在词尾加d。例如：like→liked,live→lived。③以辅音+y结尾的动词：将y改为i，再加ed。例如：study→studied,try→tried。④重读闭音节的动词：如果动词以辅音字母结尾且是重读闭音节，双写该辅音字母后加ed。例如：stop→stopped,plan→planned。2、不规则动词的变化不规则动词的过去式变化不遵循上述规则，通常需要单独记忆。以下是一些常见的不规则动词及其过去式形式：①AA型read→readcutcutputput②变i为asingsangdrinkdrankswimswam③变e/i为oforgetforgotriderodedrivedrove④变o/a为eknowknewgrowgrewdrawdrew⑤中间去e,词尾加tkeepkeptfeelfeltsleepslept⑥词尾的d变为tspendspentbuildbuiltlendlent⑦过去式结尾是ought/aughtbuyboughtfightfoughtteachtaught⑧be动词过去式be→was/were常见的表示过去的时间状语:lastyear,lastweekend,yesterday,in2020,justnow,twodaysago等。句型结构:①肯定句：主语+was/were+其他/主语+实义动词的过去式+其他）.②否定句：主语+was/were+not+其他./主语+didn't+实义动词原形(+其他)③一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？/Did+主语+实义动词原形(+其他)？④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（组）+was/were+主语（+其他）？/特殊疑问词（组）+did+主语+实义动词原移(+其他)?二、知识练习一、用适当的复合不定代词填空1.Isthere________interestingintoday'snewspaper?2.Don'tworry!________willhelpyouwithyourproblem.3.Listendoor.Maybeisknockingatthedoor.Maybeit'syoursister.4.Theempty.Thereempty.re's________init.5.Ican'tfind________.Did________.youseethem?二、用所给动词的过去式填空1.I______(watch)amoviewithmyfriendslastSunday.2.She______(notfinish)herhomeworkyesterday.3.______they______(visit)themuseumlastweek?4.Tom______(buy)anewbiketwodaysago.5.Thestudents______(be)veryexcitedaboutthetrip.三、单项选择1.—Doyouhave________tosay?—No,________.A.something;nothingB.anything;nothingC.everything;something2.________iswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.A.AnyoneB.SomeoneB.C.NoC.one3.Thequiet.________quiet.___isstudyingfortheexam.A.EveryoneB.SomeoneB.C.AnyoneC.4.Mybrother________footballyesterdaybecausehewasill.A.doesnB.didnC.wasnB.didn’tplayC.n’tplay5.—________youlateforschoolthismorning?—Yes,I________.A.WereB.DidC.AreB.Did;didC.;am6.They________agreattimeatthepartylastnight.A.haveB.hadB.C.hasC.四、句型转换1.Shecookeddinnerforherfamily.（改为否定句）→She____________dinnerforherfamily.2.TheywenttoBeijingbytrain.（对划线部分提问）→____________theygotoBeijing?3.Wasthebookinteresting?（作肯定回答）→Yes,____________.五、改错题（找出错误并改正）1.Didyoumeetsomebodyonyourwayhome?2.Ididn'teatnothingthismorning.3.Everybodyarehappywiththeresult.4.Hedidn’twenttoschoolyesterday.5.Didyousawthenewteacher?6.Theywashappytoseetheresult.六、翻译句子1.有人给你留了张纸条。2.这个包里什么都没有。3.你需要吃点东西吗？4.昨天下午他打篮球了吗？5.我们上周没有去露营。6.她昨天很忙，所以没看电视。七、小短文填空（一）用复合不定代词补全短文：outside.It,Iheard________(1)cryingoutside.Iopenedthedoorbutsaw________(2).me.Maybetold________(3)inmyclassaboutit,but________(4)believedme.MaybeIwastootired（二）用动词的过去式补全短文：beach.Wesandcastles.Myphotos.It____(1)(go)tothebeach.We______(2)(swim)intheseaand______(3)(build)sandcastles.Myfather______(4)(take)manyphotos.It______(5)(be)awonderfulday!八、选择词语的正确形式填空：agepassengerlosehelpfuldriveowngivesmiledifferenthelpbus.He1.________2.________anisdoingaspecialjobonabus.Heisnotonlyabus1.________butalsoahelperforthe2.________withspecialneeds.LiMing,theyoungman,isthe3.________ofthisspecial"helpinghand"serviceonthebus.Hestartedthisideaafteranaccidenthappenedtohim.Afewyearsago,Li4.________hisleftarminatrafficaccident,whichmadehislife5.________forawhile.Butwiththe6.________ofmanykindpeople,hegotthroughthehardtime.Now,asabusdriver,Li7.________hisbesttohelpthosewhoareintroubleonthebus.“Sir,letmehelpyoufindaseat.”“Madam,hereisaspecialseatforyou.”Lispreadshis8.________wordsandwarm9.________toeveryoneonthebus.Listartedlearninghowtobetterassistpassengerswithdisabilitiesatthe10.________of22.1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________【答案】一、：1.anything2.Someone/Somebody3.Someone/Somebody4.nothing5.anywhere二、：1.watched2.didn’tfinish3.Did;visit4.bought5.were三、1.B2.B3.A4.B5.A6.B四、1.didn’tcook2.Howdid3.itwas五、1、somebody→anybody（疑问句中用anybody）2、something→anything（否定句中用anything，避免双重否定）3、are→is（复合不定代词作主语时，谓语用单数）4、went→go（助动词did后接动词原形）5、saw→see（疑问句中Did后接动词原形）6、was→were（They对应were）六、1、Someoneleftyouanote.2、Thereisnothinginthisbag.3、Doyouneedsomethingtoeat?4、Didheplaybasketballyesterdayafternoon?5、Wedidn’tgocampin