《计算机专业英语》课件Unit7

Unit1ComputerHardwareUnit2ComputerSoftware

Unit3ComputerNetwork

Unit4MultimediaCONTENTS目录

Unit5E-commerce

Unit6ComputerSecurity

Unit7BigData

Unit8CloudComputingUnit7

BigDataSpeakingListeningReadingWritingSpeaking1LookatthefollowinggraphicandspeakoutsomewordsrelatedbigdatainChinese.search

调查

information

信息

internet_因特网

storage_存储_analysis_分析

petabyte__千万亿字节

Speaking2ListtheChinesenamesofthefollowinggraphic.Insurance保险Game游戏Finance金融Aviation航空Advertising广告BigDatainComputerScienceSpeaking3.Supposeyouareacomputerengineer.GiveapresentationtoeachpictureinEnglish.Picture1Speaking3.Supposeyouareacomputerengineer.GiveapresentationtoeachpictureinEnglish.Picture2Listening1.Listencarefullyandchoosethewordsyouhear.1.15/50 2.140/1143.70%/17% 4.20,000,000/200,000,0005.13/30 6.78.21/7,8217.380/318 8.17/709.60%/16% 10.55,000,000,000/5,500,000,000

Keys:1.502.1403.70%4.200,000,0005.136.78.217.3808.709.16%10.5,500,000,000Listening2.Listentotheshortpassageandchoosetheproperwordstofillintheblanks.

TheIndustrialRevolution,inthe18thand19thcenturies,broughtanewkindof___1__(advertisement,advertiser,advertising).Largefactoriestooktheplaceofsmallworkshopsandgoodswereproducedinlargequantities.Manufacturesusedthenewlybuiltrailroadstodistributetheir___2____(products,produce,production)overwideareas.Theyhadtofindmany___3___(hundreds,thousands,thousand)ofcustomersinordertostayinbusiness.Theycouldnot___4___(only,nearly,simply)tellthepeoplewhereshoesorclothorteacouldbebought—theyhadtolearnhowtomakepeoplewanttobuyaspecificproduct.Thusmodernadvertisingwas___5___(born,bought,brown).

Listening3.Listentothedialogueandchoosethebestresponsestowhatyouhear.1.A:Heisleavingbybus.B:Hehasabigfamily.C.Heislivinginasmalltown.D.Heisworkingasalawyer. _________2.A:Sure.Hereyouare.B:Yes,pleasegiveittome.C.Sorry,Ican’thelpyou.D.No,Icantakeitmyself. _________3.A:Yes,youcandriveit.B:ShouldIgowithyou?C.No,everythingisfine.D.Takeyourtime.Thereisnohurry._________4.A:Yes,Igotit. B:It’sinteresting.C:No,Idon’thaveit.D:Itbeginsat6:00. _________

DACBListening3.Listentothedialogueandchoosethebestresponsestowhatyouhear.5.A.It’sdifficulttoparkhere.B.Idon’tliketakingit.C.Icameherebybus.D.Iagreewithyou. _________6.A.It’sopenat9a.m..B.Sorry,Ihavenoidea.C.That’sallright.D.Thankyou._________7.A:She’sanEnglishstudent.B:She’sinterestedinmusic.C.She’safriendofmine.D.She’stallwithdarkhair._________8.A.It’snottooexpensive.B.Itisstillearly.C.Youaresokind.D.Gostraightahead.________

ABDDListening4.Listentothedialoguesandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.1. A.Hisbag. B.Histape.C.Hiscap. D.Hisbook.2. A.Itwaswonderful.B.Itwasdisappointing.C.Itwasboring. D.Itwasunusual.3. A.Managerandsecretary. B.Doctorandpatient.C.Shopassistantandcustomer.D.Taxidriverandpassenger.4. A.At1:40 B.At1:50.C.At2:00. D.At3:50.5. A.Hewaskilledinanaircrash.B.Hewaswoundedinafight.C.Hewasinjuredinanaccident.D.Hewasburntinafire.

Listening5.Listentothedialogueandanswerthefollowingquestionsbyfillingintheblanks.1.WhereisMary?A.Sheisinthesitting-room. B.Sheisinthegarden.C.Sheisinthebedroom. D.Sheisinthekitchen.2.WhatdidMaryaskJohntodo?A.Sheaskedhimtohelpher.B.Tolookfortheirbaby.C.Totellherastory. D.Todosomewashing.3.WhatdidJohnanswer?A.Thebabywassleeping B.Hewasplayingwiththebaby.C.Thebabywasupstairs. D.Thebabywascrying.4.Whereisthebabyactually?A.Inthesitting-room. B.Inthekitchen.C.Inthewashroom. D.Inthegarden.5.Whatisthebabydoing?A.Heisplayinggames. B.HeiswatchingTV.C.Heislisteningtotheradio.D.Heiscleaninghisshoes.Listening6.Listentothepassageandfillintheblankswithwordsyouhear.Somenewwordsgivenbelowwillbeofsomehelptoyou.Advertising

Advertisingispartofourdailylives.To1thisfact,youhaveonlytoleafthroughamagazineornewspaperor2theradioortelevisioncommercialsthatyouhearinone3.Mostpeopleseeandhearseveralhundredadvertisingmessageseveryday.Andpeople4tothemanydevicesthatadvertisersusetogaintheirattention.Advertisingisabig5—andtomanypeople,afascinatingbusiness,filledwithattractionand6.Itispartliterature,partart,andpartshowbusiness.Advertisingisthedifficultbusinessofbringing7togreatnumberofpeople.Thepurposeofanadvertisementistomakepeoplerespond—tomakethem8toanidea,suchashelpingprevent9fires,ortomakethemwanttobuyacertain10orservice.

Keys:1.realize2.count

3.evening

4.respond

5.business

6.excitement

7.information

8.react

9.forest10.productReadingPassageABigData(I)

Bigdataisatermfordatasetsthataresolargeorcomplexthattraditionaldataprocessingapplicationsoftwareisinadequatetodealwiththem.Bigdatachallengesincludecapturingdata,datastorage,dataanalysis,search,sharing,transfer,visualization,querying,updatingandinformationprivacy.

ReadingPassageABigData(I)

Lately,theterm“bigdata”tendstorefertotheuseofpredictiveanalytics,userbehavioranalytics,orcertainotheradvanceddataanalyticsmethodsthatextractvaluefromdata,andseldomtoaparticularsizeofdataset.“Thereislittledoubtthatthequantitiesofdatanowavailableareindeedlarge,butthat’snotthemostrelevantcharacteristicofthisnewdataecosystem.”Analysisofdatasetscanfindnewcorrelationsto“spotbusinesstrends,preventdiseases,combatcrimeandsoon.”.

ReadingPassageABigData(I)Scientists,businessexecutives,practitionersofmedicine,advertisingandgovernmentsalikeregularlymeetdifficultieswithlargedata-setsinareasincludingInternetsearch,fintech,urbaninformatics,andbusinessinformatics.Scientistsencounterlimitationsine-Sciencework,includingmeteorology,genomics,connectomics,complexphysicssimulations,biologyandenvironmentalresearch.

ReadingPassageABigData(I)

Datasetsgrowrapidlyinpartbecausetheyareincreasinglygatheredbycheapandnumerousinformation-sensingInternetofthingsdevicessuchasmobiledevices,aerial(remotesensing),softwarelogs,cameras,microphones,radio-frequencyidentification(RFID)readersandwirelesssensornetworks.Theworld’stechnologicalper-capitacapacitytostoreinformationhasroughlydoubledevery40monthssincethe1980s,asof2012,everyday2.5exabytes(2.5×1018)ofdataaregenerated.Onequestionforlargeenterprisesisdeterminingwhoshouldownbig-datainitiativesthataffecttheentireorganization.

ReadingPassageABigData(I)

Relationaldatabasemanagementsystemsanddesktopstatisticsandvisualization-packagesoftenhavedifficultyhandlingbigdata.Theworkmayrequire“massivelyparallelsoftwarerunningontens,hundreds,oreventhousandsofservers”.Whatcountsas“bigdata”variesdependingonthecapabilitiesoftheusersandtheirtools,andexpandingcapabilitiesmakebigdataamovingtarget.“Forsomeorganizations,facinghundredsofgigabytesofdataforthefirsttimemaytriggeraneedtoreconsiderdatamanagementoptions.Forothers,itmaytaketensorhundredsofterabytesbeforedatasizebecomesasignificantconsideration.”

ReadingPassageA

Bigdataisatermfor___

___(1)thataresolargeor______(2)thattraditionaldataprocessing____

__(3)softwareis__

____(4)todealwiththem.Bigdatachallengesinclude__

____(5),datastorage,dataanalysis,search,sharing,transfer,visualization,querying,updatingandinformation______(6).

1.Fillintheblankswithoutreferringtothepassagedatasets

complex

application

inadequate

capturingdata

privacyReadingPassageA1.Whatisbigdata?Itisatermfordatasetsthataresolargeorcomplexthattraditionaldataprocessingapplicationsoftwareisinadequatetodealwiththem.2.Whatcananalysisofdatasetsdo?Itcanfindnewcorrelationsto“spotbusinesstrends,preventdiseases,combatcrimeandsoon.3.Whydodatasetsgrowrapidly?Becausetheyareincreasinglygatheredbycheapandnumerousinformation-sensingInternetofthingsdevicessuchasmobiledevices,aerial,softwarelogs,cameras,microphones,radio-frequencyidentificationreadersandwirelesssensornetworks.

2.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage

ReadingPassageA4.Howmuchdoestheworld’stechnologicalper-capitacapacitytostoreinformationhave?Ithasroughlydoubledevery40monthssincethe1980s,asof2012,everyday2.5exabytes(2.5×1018)ofdataaregenerated.5.Whydorelationaldatabasemanagementsystemsanddesktopstatisticsandvisualization-packagesoftenhavedifficultyhandlingbigdata?Becausetheworkmayrequire“massivelyparallelsoftwarerunningontens,hundreds,oreventhousandsofservers

2.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage

ReadingPassageA1.Bigdataisatermfor

thataresolargeorcomplexthattraditionaldataprocessingapplicationsoftwareisinadequatetodealwiththem.2.Analysisofdatasetscanfind

to“spotbusinesstrends,preventdiseases,combatcrimeandsoon.”3.Datasetsgrowrapidlyinpartbecausetheyareincreasinglygatheredbycheapandnumerous

.4.Onequestionforlargeenterprisesisdeterminingwhoshouldown_____________________thataffecttheentireorganization.5.Handlingbigdata.mayrequire“

runningontens,hundreds,oreventhousandsofservers”6.Forsomeorganizations,facinghundredsofgigabytesofdataforthefirsttimemaytriggeraneedtoreconsider

.

3.Completeeachofthefollowingstatementsaccordingtothepassage

datasets

newcorrelations

information-sensingInternetofthingsdevices

big-datainitiativesmassivelyparallelsoftwaredatamanagementoptionsReadingPassageA1.大数据将如何改变您的做事方式？(bigdata)

Howwillbigdatachangewhatyoudo?2.你知道的，这个领域的信息和知识更新得很快。（update）

Youknowinformationandknowledgeinthisfieldupdateveryfast.3.稍后您要向该数据集添加更多的输入或者输出列。（dataset）

Youcanaddmoreinputoroutputcolumnstothisdatasetlater.4.语言教师常从语法书里摘录例子。（extract）Languageteachersoftenextractexamplesfromgrammarbooks.

4.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

ReadingPassageA5.数字财富管理是一种金融科技门类，仍然处于上升期。(fintech)

Digitalwealthmanagementisafintechcategorythatisstillclimbingitswaytothepeak.6.我把这一切归因于他工作既勤奋又主动。(initiative)

Iputitalldowntohishardworkandinitiative.7.我们对于所有项目都将从同一个用户数据库起步。(database)

Wewillstartoutwithoneuserdatabaseforallofourprojects.8.你可以纠正任何可能在模型中遇到的错误。（encounter）Youcancorrectanyerrorsthatyouencounterinthemodel.

4.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

ReadingPassageABigdataisatermfordatasetsthataresolargeorcomplexthattraditionaldataprocessingapplicationsoftwareisinadequatetodealwiththem.

大数据是为描述数据集合而生成的术语，数据集数量巨大复杂，传统数据处理应用软件不能处理它们。2.Bigdatachallengesincludecapturingdata,datastorage,data

analysis,search,sharing,transfer,visualization,querying,updatingandinformationprivacy.

大数据挑战包括捕捉数据、数据存储、数据分析、调查、分享、转让、可视化、查询、更新和信息隐私。

5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

ReadingPassageA3.Analysisofdatasetscanfindnewcorrelationsto“spotbusinesstrends,preventdiseases,combatcrimeandsoon.”

数据集的分析能够找到“发现市场趋势、预防疾病、打击犯罪等等”的新的相关性。4.Scientistsencounterlimitationsine-Sciencework,includingmeteorology,genomics,connectomics,complexphysicssimulations,biologyandenvironmentalresearch.科学工作者在电子科研领域受到限制，其中包括气象学、基因组学、关系学、复合物理仿真、生物学和环境研究。

Task5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

ReadingPassageA5.Datasetsgrowrapidlyinpartbecausetheyareincreasinglygatheredbycheapandnumerousinformation-sensingInternetofthingsdevices.数据集的迅速发展某种程度上是由于它们越来越多地被价格低廉的以及数量众多的信息传感物联网设备所收集6.Theworld’stechnologicalper-capitacapacitytostoreinformationhasroughlydoubledevery40monthssincethe1980s,asof2012,everyday2.5exabytes(2.5×1018)ofdataaregenerated.世界科技平均每人信息储量概略统计，自二十世纪八十年代以来每40个月增长一倍，到2012年止，每天产生2.5艾字节(2.5×1018)数据.

Task5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

ReadingPassageA7.Onequestionforlargeenterprisesisdeterminingwhoshouldownbig-datainitiativesthataffecttheentireorganization.对于大企业来说一个问题正在被决定：谁应当在影响整个组织的大数据上拥有主动权。8.Relationaldatabasemanagementsystemsanddesktopstatisticsandvisualization-packagesoftenhavedifficultyhandlingbigdata.相关的数据库管理系统和桌面统计以及可视化打包处理大数据经常有困难。此项工作可能需要大量的平行软件运行于数十、数百、甚至数千的服务器上。

Task5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

ReadingPassageA9.Theworkmayrequire“massivelyparallelsoftwarerunningontens,hundreds,oreventhousandsofservers”.

项工作可能需要大量的平行软件运行于数十、数百、甚至数千的服务器上。10.Whatcountsas“bigdata”variesdependingonthecapabilitiesoftheusersandtheirtools,andexpandingcapabilitiesmakebigdataamovingtarget.大数据的价值是：大数据改变了用户对权限和他们的工具的依赖，并扩充权限使大数据成为一个变动指标。

Task5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

PassageBComputerHardware(II)BigData(II)

Bigdata,thetermhasbeeninusesincethe1990s.Bigdatausuallyincludesdatasetswithsizesbeyondtheabilityofcommonlyusedsoftwaretoolstocapture,curate,manage,andprocessdatawithinatolerableelapsedtime.BigDataphilosophyencompassesunstructured,semi-structuredandstructureddata,howeverthemainfocusisonunstructureddata.Bigdata“size”isaconstantlymovingtarget,asof2012rangingfromafewdozenterabytestomanypetabytesofdata.Bigdatarequiresasetoftechniquesandtechnologieswithnewformsofintegrationtorevealinsightsfromdatasetsthatarediverse,complex,andofamassivescale.

ReadingPassageB

Ina2001researchreportandrelatedlectures,METAGroup(nowGartner)defineddatagrowthchallengesandopportunitiesasbeingthree-dimensional,i.e.increasingvolume(amountofdata),velocity(speedofdatainandout),andvariety(rangeofdatatypesandsources).Gartner,andnowmuchoftheindustry,continuetousethis“3Vs”modelfordescribingbigdata.In2012,Gartnerupdateditsdefinitionasfollows:“BigDataishigh-volume,high-velocityand/orhigh-varietyinformationassetsthatdemandcost-effective,innovativeformsofinformationprocessingthatenableenhancedinsight,decisionmaking,andprocessautomation.”

ReadingPassageBGartner’sdefinitionofthe3Vsisstillwidelyused,andinagreementwithaconsensualdefinitionthatstatesthat“BigDatarepresentstheinformationassetscharacterizedbysuchaHighVolume,VelocityandVarietytorequirespecificTechnologyandAnalyticalMethodsforitstransformationintoValue”.Additionally,anewV“Veracity”isaddedbysomeorganizationstodescribeit,revisionismchallengedbysomeindustryauthorities.The3Vshavebeenexpandedtoothercomplementarycharacteristicsofbigdata:

ReadingPassageB●Volume:bigdatadoesn’tsample;itjustobservesandtrackswhathappens●Velocity:bigdataisoftenavailableinreal-time●Variety:bigdatadrawsfromtext,images,audio,video;plusitcompletesmissingpiecesthroughdatafusion●Machinelearning:bigdataoftendoesn’taskwhyandsimplydetectspatterns.

ReadingPassageB●Digitalfootprint:bigdataisoftenacost-freebyproductofdigitalinteractionThegrowingmaturityoftheconceptmorestarklydelineatesthedifferencebetweenbigdataandBusinessIntelligence:●BusinessIntelligenceusesdescriptivestatisticswithdatawithhighinformationdensitytomeasurethings,detecttrends,etc..●Bigdatausesinductivestatisticsandconceptsfromnonlinearsystemidentificationtoinferlaws(regressions,nonlinearrelationships,andcausaleffects)fromlargesetsofdatawithlowinformationdensitytorevealrelationshipsanddependencies,ortoperformpredictionsofoutcomesandbehaviors.

ReadingPassageBReading1.MatchthefollowingEnglishphrasesinColumnAwiththeirChineseequivalentsinColumnB.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

AB1.dataset a.治理罪犯

2.capturingdata b.大数据

3.bigdata c.市场趋势4.combatcrime

d.

数据集5.Internetofthingsdevice e.信息资产

6.businesstrend

f.商业智能7.digitalfootprint g.数据痕迹8.inductivestatistic h.数据采集9.BusinessIntelligence

i.物联网设备10.informationasset j.归纳统计PassageBReading

2.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareT(true)orF(false)accordingtothepassage.

1.1.Bigdata,thetermhasbeeninusesince1990.()2.Bigdata“size”isaconstantlymovingtarget,asof2012rangingfromafewdozenterabytestomanypetabytesofdata.()3.Bigdatarequiresasetoftechniquesandtechnologieswithnewformsofintegrationtorevealinsightsfromdatabase.()4.Gartnerandmuchoftheindustrycontinuetousethis“2Vs”modelfordescribingbigdatanow.()5.The3Vshavebeenexpandedtoothercomplementarycharacteristicsofbigdata.()6.Bigdatadoessample,itobservesandtrackswhathappens.()7.Bigdataoftendoesn’taskwhyandsimplydetectspatterns()8.Bigdataisn’tacost-freebyproductofdigitalinteraction.()9.Bigdatausesdescriptivestatisticswithdatawithhighinformationdensitytomeasurethings,detecttrends,etc..()10.Bigdatausesinductivestatisticsandconceptsfromnonlinearsystemidentificationtoinferlaws.()

FTTFFFF

TF

TPassageBReading3.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Bigdata,thetermhasbeeninusesincethe1990s.Bigdatausuallyincludesdatasetswithsizesbeyondtheabilityofcommonlyusedsoftwaretoolstocapture,curate,manage,andprocessdatawithinatolerableelapsedtime.BigDataphilosophyencompassesunstructured,semi-structuredandstructureddata,howeverthemainfocusisonunstructureddata.Bigdata“size”isaconstantlymovingtarget,asof2012rangingfromafewdozenterabytestomanypetabytesofdata.Bigdatarequiresasetoftechniquesandtechnologieswithnewformsofintegrationtorevealinsightsfromdatasetsthatarediverse,complex,andofamassivescale.大数据，这个术语自二十世纪九十年代已开始使用。大数据通常涉及数据集，其规模超越通常使用的软件工具来捕获、注意、管理以及在一个容许错过的时间处理数据的能力。大数据哲学包括无组织的、半组织化的和有组织的数据，但无论如何，主要焦点在无组织的数据上。大数据的“尺寸”是一个不断变动的指标，到2012年其数据规模已从几十兆兆字节达到数千兆字节。大数据需要一套技巧和工艺，这套技巧和工艺以整合的新形式显示来自于数据集多样的、复杂的、超大规模的洞察力。

1.Whichmaincharacteristicscanbigdatabedescribedby?A.Volume.B.Variety.C.VelocityD.Alltheabove..2.Whichelementofdatadeterminesthevalueandpotentialinsightandwhetheritcanactuallybeconsideredbigdataornot?A.Thesizeofthedata. B.Thetypeandnatureofthedata.C.Thequalityofcaptureddata.D.Inconsistencyofthedata.3.Whichcharacteristicofbigdatahelpspeopleanalyzedatatoeffectivelyusetheresultinginsight?A.Variability.B.Velocity.C.Variety.D.Veracity.4.Whichcharacteristicofbigdataaffecttheaccurateanalysis?A.Variability.B.Velocity.C.Variety.D.Veracity.5.FactoryworkandCyber-physicalsystemsmayhavea______systemaccordingtothepassage.A.5CB.6CC.7CD.8C

ExtraReadingReadthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Writing

Monthdate,yearDear______,Iamwritingtocomplainaboutthe______(产品名称).____________________________________________________________________________________________.Istronglyinsistthatyoureplaceitorrefundmeassoonaspossible.

Yoursfaithfully,______(签名)1.投诉信（ComplaintLetter）

写投诉信应本着真实的原则，如实的反映情况，投诉信应包括以下几部分：（1）投诉者的姓名、性别、国籍、职业、单位（团体）名称、地址、联系电话。（2）被投诉者的名称、通讯地址、联系电话。（3）投诉的事实与理由。（4）具体赔偿要求。（5）与事实有关的证明材料，如合同、传真、机船车票、凭证、发票等。

投诉信和求职信（ComplaintLetter&ApplicationLetter）

ExtraReading投诉信和求职信（ComplaintLetter&ApplicationLetter）1.投诉信（ComplaintLetter）◆常用语句◆①IamwritingtocomplainaboutthecamerathatIboughtinyoursupermarketlastmonth.(今去信就上月在贵超市购买的相机提出索赔。)②Istronglyinsistthatyoureplaceitorrefundmeassoonaspossible.(请尽快给予更换或退款。)③Wewouldbeobligedifyouwouldforwardusareplacementforthemachineassoonaspossible.(若你方尽快更换那台机器，我方将感激不尽。)④Thequalityofyourshipmentforourorderisnotinconformitywiththeagreedspecifications,wemustthereforelodgeaclaimagainstyoufortheamountof$1,000.(因你方装船质量与所商定规格不符，因此我方提出索赔1000元。)⑤ThegoodsweorderedonJun.21,2016havearrivedinadamagedcondition.(我方于2016年6月21日订购的货物到货，但已受损。)Writing

Dearsir,Isawyouradvertisementfora(an)______(职位)inthe______(媒体名称)of______(日期)andIwouldliketoapplyforthisposition.Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldsendmeanapplicationformandfurtherinformationaboutthesalaryandworkingconditions.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.