【新课标全国卷】专题二 《阅读理解说明类专练》-届高考英语考点剖析精创专题卷

【新课标全国卷】专题二《阅读理解说明类专练》一一2022届高考英语考点剖析精创专题卷考点01:主旨大意题考点02:细节理解题考点03:推理判断题考点04:词义猜测题一、 There'smoreevidencethatwhat'sgoodforyourheartisgoodforyourhead.Anewstudyshowsthatpeoplewhorun,swimordoothermoderateintensity(中等强度)exercisehavebrainsthatlook,onaverage,10yearsyoungerthanthebrainsofcouchpotatoes.〃0urstudyshowedthatforolderpeople,gettingmoderateintensityexercisemaybeprotective,helpingthemkeeptheirbrainsworkbetter,/zsaidDr.ClintonWrightoftheUniversityofMiami,wholedthestudy.Butit'snotnecessarilyeasy.Walking,golf,bowlingandyogadon'tcount,andpeopleneedtostartbeforetheybeginshowingmemoryloss,Wright'steamreportedinthejournalNeurology.Thestudyofnearly900peoplewhoexerciseregularlyshowedthat90percentfel1intothelow-intensitygroup.ThesepeoplearepartofalargergrouptakingpartinabiggerstudycalledNorthernManhattanStudy.Theywereaskedhowlongandhowoftentheyexercisedduringthepasttwoweeks.Fiveyearslater,theyweretestedformemoryandthinkingskillsandgotabrainMRI.Sevenyearsafterthat,theytookthememoryandthinkingtestsagain.The10percentwhosaidtheytookpartinmoderateintensityexercisescoredbetteronthetests.Theseincludedrunning,climbing,swimming,ridingbicyclesandsoon.Z/Wefoundthatthosewithmoderateintensityactivityhadhigherscoresandslowerdeclinethaninactivepeoplewhencomparingtheresults,,zthestudyteamwrote.ManystudieshaveshownthatexercisemaynotpreventAlzheimer"sdiseasebutmaydelayit.Thefindingsfitinwithastudythatfoundtwoyearsofexercising,eatinghealthierfoodandbraintrainingcanpromotepeople,smemoryfunction.What'strueaboutthestudy?Mostpeoplesurveyedtooklow-intensityexercise.Only900peopletookpartinthebiggerstudy.High-intensityexerciseisbetter.Tenpeoplescoredbestonthetests.Howdidthestudyteamcometotheconclusion?Byobservingpeopleexercise. B.Byusingexamples.C.Bymakingacomparison. D.BydoingabrainMRLWhatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?Exercisewilldefinitelystrengthenpeople"smemory.Alzheimer'sdiseasemaybeheldbackbymoderateintensityexercise.Exercisecanputoffthebeginningofmemorydecline.Thefindingsfitinwiththestudyofhealthyfood.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?Howtokeephealthy.Waystomakeyourbrainworkbetter.Toexerciseornot.Moderateintensityexercisekeepsyourbrainyounger.二、Likeclockwork,nearlyeveryfourthFebruaryincludesoneextraday.February29th,alsoknownasLeapDay(闰日),isn'texactlyaholiday.Instead,it'stheretokeepyourcalendarconsistentwiththeearth,srotation(旋转)aroundthesun.Accordingtohistory,RomanemperorJuliusCaesaristhe"father"ofLeapYear.Untilhecamealong,peoplehaduseda355-daycalendar,whichwas10.25daysshorterthanthesolaryear（太阳年）.Romanofficialsweresupposedtoaddanextramontheverynowandthentokeeptheseasonsexactlywheretheyshouldbe.Butthatdidn,tworkoutallthatwell.Whenspecialoccasionsstartedshiftingintodifferentseasonsaround45BCE,CaesarconsultedexpertsandthenannouncedthattheRomanempireshouldusea12-month,365-daycalendar,whichhenamedafterhimself.Caesar"sJuliancalendarincludedaLeapDayeveryfouryears.ThoughLeapDaykeepsyourcalendarinlinewiththeearth'srotationaroundthesun,itcausesadifferentkindofproblemforleapsters.WhenshouldtheseFebruary29thbabiescelebratetheirbirthdaysduringtheotherthree-quartersoftheirlives?SomepartyonFebruary28th,whileotherspreferatwo一daycelebrationthatspansthelastdayofFebruaryandthefirstdayofMarch.LeapDaycanbeanuisanceinthelegalsystem.In2006,acourtinUSAwasdecidingwhethercriminalJohnMelocouldbesetfreetwodaysearlysincehis10-yearsentence(判JflJ)includedtwoLeapDays.Inthecase,thejudgedecidedthatsincethemanwassentencedtoprisonforyears,notdays.LeapDaydicin'tmakeabitofdifference.Thoughafewtimekeepershavepushedforcalendarsthatdon'tincludeLeapDay,almostallexpertsandsocietiesagreethatLeapDayisthebestmethodtokeepthecalendarontrack.WhywasLeapDaycreated?Tokeeppace withthesolaryear. B.To keeptrackofal1theseasons.C.Tocelebrate specialoccasions- D.To honorEmperorJuliusCaesar.WhatistheproblemwiththebirthdaycelebrationofFebruary29thbabies?Itissometimesdelayed. B. It lastsatleasttwodays.C.Ithastobe heldeveryotheryear. D.It maytakeplaceondifferentdates.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"nuisance"inParagraph4mean?Joke. B.Topic. C.Trouble. D.Mistake.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?LeapDaywasnamedafterJuliusCaesar.Leapsterscelebratetheirbirthdaysonceeveryfouryears.JohnMelobenefitedfromLeapDay.PeopleholddifferentattitudestowardsLeapDay.三、 Folktaleshavesaddled(使承担)themoonwithmajorresponsibilities:moods,increasesincrimeandevenmentaldisordersareblamedontheEarth,sonlyconstantnaturalsatellite.Butcouldthe"lunareffect”disturbsleep?Scientistshavelongunderstoodthathumanactivityisfacilitatedbylight,beitsunlight,moonlightorartificiallight.Butarecentstudysuggestsourabilityto

sleepisdistinctlyaffectedbythelunarcycle,evenwhentakingintoaccountartificialsourcesoflight.Usingwristmonitors,researcherstrackedsleeppatternsin98individualslivinginthreelocalcommunitiesinArgentinaoverthecourseofonetotwomonths.Oneruralcommunityhadnoelectricityaccess,asecondruralcommunityhadlimitedaccesstoelectricity,whileathirdcommunitywaslocatedinanurbansettingandhadfullaccesstoelectricity.Participantsinallthreecommunitiesshowedthesamepatternofsleeposcillations(波动)asthemoonprogressedthroughits29.5-daycycle,withsleepdurationchangingbybetween20andmorethan90minutes,andbedtimesvaryingby30to80minutes-Ineachcommunity,thepeakofparticipantssleepinglessandstayinguplateroccurredinthethree-to-five-dayperiodpriortofullmoonnights,andtheoppositeoccurredonthenightsbeforethenewmoon,theauthorsfound.Unsurprisingly,datashowedthealunarphaseeffect"onsleepappearedtobestrongerthemorelimitedaccesstoelectricitywas.〃Theresultstronglysuggeststhathumansleepissynchronized(同步)withlunarphasesregardlessofethnicandsocio-culturalbackgroundandofthelevelofurbanisation,"theresearcherswroteinthejournalScienceAdvances.DelaIglesiaadded:uWehumanstendtobelievethatwemanagedtosomehowcontrolnature,andtheuseofartificiallightisagreatexampleofthat.Butitturnsoutthattherearesomeforcesofnaturethatwecannotgetawayfrom."Derk-JanDijk,aprofessorofsleepandphysiologyandthedirectorofasleepresearchcentreattheUniversityofSurrey,describedthestudyasexcitingbutnotedthattheresearchershadnotaddressedinternalinfluencessuchasbodyclocksthatcouldaffectsleeppatterns.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Theharmoflunareffect.B.Thereliabilityoffolktales.C.Thefunctionofartificiallight.!)•Theeffectofthelunarcycleonsleep.Whendidtheparticipantsintheexperimentsleepleast?A.Onthefullmoonnight.Onthenewmoonnight.A.Onthefullmoonnight.Onthenewmoonnight.Onthenightafterthenewmoon.D.Onthenightbeforethefullmoon.3-Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inthelastparagraphbutonereferto?A.Controllingnature. B.Thelevelofurbanisation.C.Theeseapefromforcesofnature.D.Synchronizingwithlunarphases.4.WhatdidDerk一JanDijkthinkoftheresearchfindings?A.Groundless.B.Persuasive.C.Incomplete.I).Impressive.四、 DoyoustillrememberthesceneinthefamousmovieTitanic,directedbyCameron,whereJackwasfrozentodeathintheicycoldwatersothatRosecouldsurvive(存活)onthefloating(浮)dooralone?Itbrokemanypeople'shearts.Twentyyearslater,peoplearestillaskingthequestion,〃Wasn'tthereenoughroomonthedoorforbothofthem?"Camerononcerespondedbysayingitwasn,taquestionofroom,butbuoyancy(浮力)一ifbothofthemhadtriedtostayontheraft(木排),heargued,thewholethingwouldsink(沉没).Butseveralguysfrom〃MythBusters〃,anAustralian-Americanscienceentertainmenttelevisionprogram,decidedtotestthetheorythemselves.TheydiscoveredthatifRosehadtookoffherlifejackettothebottomoftheraft,therewouldhavebeenenoughbuoyancytokeepbothofthemafloat.WhentheypresentedtheirfindingstoCameron,thedirectorinsistedthatJackcouldn,tbesaved."Theanswerisverysimple,〃Cameronsaid."BecauseitsaysonPage147ofthescript(剧本）thatJackdies.〃ToCameron,itwasanartisticchoicetohavethebelovedcharacterofmillions,Jack,sinkintothecoldsea.JackhadtodiebecauseCameronthoughtitwouldbebest.〃Itwasanartisticchoice,thethingwasjustbigenoughtoholdher,andnotbigenoughtoholdhim,Cameronsaid.〃Ithinkit'sallkindofsilly,really,thatwe'rehavingthisdiscussion20yearslater.ButitdoesshowthatthefilmwaseffectiveinmakingJacksobelovedbytheaudiencethatithurtsthemtoseehimdie.Thefilmisaboutdeathandseparation;hehadtodie.〃SinceJackhadtodie,Cameronsaid,itcouldhavehappenedinavarietyofdifferentways.It'snotaboutthedoornotbeingbigenough:that'sjustapracticalmethodforhisdeath."Whetheritwasthat,orwhetherachimneyfellonhim,hewasgoingdown,"Cameronsaid."It'scalledart:thingshappenforartisticreasons,notforphysicsreasons.〃WhatdoweknowaboutthecharacterJackaccordingtothetext?Hewantedtoki11himself.B・HegaveuphisownlifetosaveRose.C-Hedidn'thavemoneytobuytheticket.Helackedbasicknowledgeofphysics.AccordingtoCameron,whydidtheaudienceargueaboutJack'sdeathfor20years?A.Theyareweakpeople. B.Theydon,tlikethemovie.C-TheylovethecharacterJack. D.Theyarecrazyaboutphysics.Whywasachimneymentionedinthelastparagraph?Tointroducehowtheshipwasbuilt.Toshowtheoriginalplanofthemovie.Topresentthemissingpartofthemovie.ToexplaintheunchangeablefateofJack.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.JackinTitanicMustDie. B.BigEnoughforBoth.C.CameronIsWrong. D.JackCouldSurvive.五、Sofarthisyear,theholeintheozonelayer(臭氧层)overAntarcticahasexpandedtooneofitslargestsizesanddeepestlevelsinyears,reportedChinaDaily.Sohowbigistheozonehole?OnSept.20,theholeoverAntarcticapeakedat24.8millionsquarekilometers,whichisthreetimesthesizeoftheUnitedStates.Ithasincreasedby8.4millionsquarekilometerssince2019.Thatputsitinaboutthesameareasasozoneholesin2015and2018,whichrespectivelyrecordedpeaksof25.6and22.9millionsquarekilometers.〃The2020ozonelossshowsthatwehavetoremaincautiousandmaintaincontinuousobservations,〃saidWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationSecretary-GeneralPettedTaalas.Theozonelayerisimportantbecauseitactslikeasunscreen,blockingharmfulultravioletlight(紫夕卜线)fromreachingourplanet'ssurface.Withoutit,humansandanimalswillbemorelikelytoexperiencediseasessuchasskincancers,immunesuppression,cataractsandprematureaging.Ofcourse,humansplayalargeroleinthedamageoftheozonelayer.ThelossofozoneintheAntarctic,aswellastheArctic,isduetothelargequantityofozone-destroyinggasescausedbyhumanactivity.Oncegettingintotheatmosphere,thesegasescanremainformanyyears.Inextremelycoldweatherconditions,theyresultinchemicalreactionsthatdestroytheozonelayer."TheArcticstratosphere(平流层)continuestobeweaktoozone-depletingsubstances(物质)linkedtohumanactivities,saidTaalas.MarcusRex,ascientistattheAlfredWegenerInstituteinGermany,toldNaturethattheozoneholedoesn'tthreatenhumanhealthbutoverthenextmonth,thereisapossibilitythatitmightmovetoareaswithlargerpopulation.Inthatcase,herecommendsmoresunscreen.Althoughitseemsbad,scientistsarehopefulthatEarthcanhealitself.Researchersbelievetheozoneholewilleventuallyhealandaround2050,Earth'sozonelayerwillreturntonormal.1-Whatdoweknowabouttheholeintheozonelayer?Itincreases8.4millionkm'everyyear.Itisthefirsttimeforittobethislarge.Itis24.8mil1ionkilometersabovetheEarth.I)-Ithasreachedasimilarpeaklevelinthepast.Whatisthemaincauseofthedamageoftheozonelayer?Theseriouspollutioninpopulatedareas.ThebrokennaturalbalanceoftheArcticstratosphere.Thelargequantityofcertainharmfulgasesreleased.Chemicalreactionsinextremelycoldweatherconditions.3-Whatisscientists'attitudetowardEarth"sozonelayer,accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Optimistic.B.Hopeless. C.Doubtful. D.Unconcerned.4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ProtecttheozonelayerB・RapidlygrowingozoneholeTheozonelayermatterstousTheozonelayerandtheEarth六、Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认矢口)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage."Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnotiontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,,zLevinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskilIs.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentScience.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?A.Parents'age. B・Children'simagination.D.Child-parentC.Parents'education.D.Child-parentrelationship.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage. D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist. D.Ateachingprogram.七、 Youcarry1.3kgfattymaterialinyourheadthatcontrolseverythingyouwilleverdo.Thisfantasticcontrolcenterletsyouthink,learn,create,andfeelemotions.Italsocontrolseverythingyourbodydoes.Whatisthisamazingmachine?It,syourbrain—astructuresoamazingthatthefamousscientistJamesWatsoncalledit"themostcomplexthingwehaveyetdiscoveredinouruniverse".Imagineyourcatjumpedontothekitchencounter,andwasabouttostepontoahotstove.Youwouldhaveonlyfewsecondstoact.Insituationslikethis,yourbrainreadsthesignalsfromyoureyesandquicklycalculateswhen,whereandatwhatspeedyouneedtoruntosaveher.Thenittellsyourmusclestomove-Nocomputercanmatchyourbrain'sgreatabilitytodownload,process,andreacttothefloodofinformationfromyoureyes,earsandothersensoryorgans.Ifabeelandsonyourfoot,sensoryneurons(感觉神经元)inyourskinsendthisinformationtoyourbrainataspeedofmorethan240kilometersperhour.Yourbrainthenusesmotorneurons(运动4申经元)tosendamessagebacktoyourfoot:Shakethebeeoffquickly!Motorneuronscansendthisinformationatmorethan320kilometersperhour!Yourbrainhasabout100billiontinycells:neurons一itwouldtakeyoumorethan3,000yearsifyoutriedtocountthemall.Wheneveryoudream,laugh,think,seeormove,tinychemicalandelectricalsignalsareracingbetweentheseneuronsalongbillionsoftinyneuronpathways.Believeitornot,theactivityinyourbrainneverstops.Countlessmessagesflyaroundinsideiteverysecond,likeasuper-fastgameoftabletennis.Yourneuronscreateandsendmoremessagesthanallthephonesintheentireworld.Andalthoughasingleneuronproducesonlyatinyamountofelectricity,allyourneuronstogethercanproduceenoughelectricitytopoweralightbulb.Whatdoes"themostcomplexthing"mean?A.Asupercomputer.B.Humanbrains.C.Theuniverse.D.Ouremotions.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Brainscandownloadmoreinformationthananycomputer.B・Thecatplaysanimportantroleintestinghumanbrainpower.Motorneuronsinhumanbrainsservetosendmessages.Yourbrainscanuseneuronstosendmessagesbackfasterthanbees,.Theauthormentions〃topoweralightbulb"inPara.4toshow .A.neuronscancreatelotsofmessagesB.howmanyactivetinycellsthebrainhaveC-howmuchelectricitythebraincanproduce D.thereiscountlessinformationinthebrainWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?Thepowerfulbrainisawonderfulmachine.Brainsworkwellincontrollingbodymovements.Thebrainisthemostcomplexstructureintheuniverse-Humanbrainsaremadeupofnumerousneurons.八、 Forthefirsttimeever,scientistshaverecordedtheheartrateoftheworldslargestcreature:thebluewhale.Togetthisreading,theyattachedanelectrocardiogramdevicetothebodyofawhale.Theyfoundthatthemammalsheartratecansiowtojusttwobeatsaminuteastheanimalsearchesforfoodbelowthesurfaceoftheocean.Thehighestheartratetheyrecordedwas37beatsaminuteafterthewhalereturnedtothesurfaceforair.Thebluewhaleisthelargestanimalthathaseverlived.Itcangrowto30meterslongandweighasmuchas181,000kilograms.TheanimaTsheartaloneweighsmorethanafullgrowncow.Generally,largeranimalshaveslowerheartrates.Anormalhumanheartofapersonatrestbeats60to100timeseachminute.Itincreasestoabout200beatsaminuteduringexercise.Thesmallestmammals,shrews(鼠旬黯),haveheartratesofmorethanathousandbeatsperminute.Theresearchersrecordedninehoursofinformationona22-meter-longmalefromthePacificOceanoffthecoastofCalifornia.Thedatadidnotcomeeasily.But,withyearsofresearchexperienceandsomeluck,theteamwasabletopositionasmallboatalongthewhale'sleftside.Then,theresearchersconnectedaspecialrecordingdevicetoaverylongpole.Asthewhalesurfacedtobreathe,theyquicklydeployedthedeviceasneartotheanimalsheartaspossible:justbehinditsleftflipper(鳍).Thesmalldevicehadfoursuction(吸)cupsonitpermittingittoremainonthewhaleforseveralhours.Duringfeedingdives,thebluewhaleunderobservationshowedextremelylowheartrates,usuallyof4to8beatsaminuteandaslowastwobeatsaminuteAftersurfacingtobreatheafterfooddives,thewhalehadheartratesof25to37beatsperminuteWhichofthefollowinghastheslowestheartrate?A.Thecow B.Theshrew C.ThehumansD.ThebluewhaleWhydidtheauthormentionthecowinParagraph2?A.Todescribethehugebodyofawhale.B・TocompareseaanimalswithlandonesToshowtheheartratesofdifferentanimalsTostudyitsdifferentheartbeatsatdifferenttimesWhatdoestheunderlinedword〃deployed〃inParagraph5mean?A.changed B.opened C.fixed D.threwWhatdothefiguresinthelastparagraphreferto?A.Minutes B.HeartbeatsC-FeedingdivesI).Electronicdevices答案以及解析、答案:1-4ACCI)解析:1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的"Thestudyofnearly900peoplewhoexerciseregularlyshowedthat90percentfellintothelow-intensitygroup"可知,对近900名经常锻炼的人的研究表明,90%的人属于低强度组,故选A项。推理判断题。文章第一段表明这项研究将适度运动的人和不运动的人作对比,第三段中的〃The10percentwhosaid...betteronthetests"表明,研究对比了90%低强度运动的人和剩下10%的人,故这项研究是通过作对比来得出结论的。细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,很多研究表明运动可能不会阻止阿尔茨海默病的发生,但可以延缓它出现的时间,故C项正确。主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知,文章介绍了新的研究表明中等强度的运动可以使大脑保持年轻,故D项最适合作文章标题。 、答案:1.A;2.D;3.C;4.D解析:1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Instead,itJstheretokeepyourcalendarconsistentwiththeearth'srotation(旋转)roundthesun.〃,第二段中的"Romanofficialsweresupposedtoaddanextramontheverynowandthentokeeptheseasonsexactlywheretheyshouldbe."以及第三段中的"ThoughLeapDaykeepsyourcalendarinlinewiththeearth'srotationaroundthesun..."可知,闰日的产生是为了与太阳保持一-致。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“WhenshouldtheseFebruary29thbabiescelebratetheirbirthdaysduringtheotherthree-quartersoftheirlives…thefirstdayofMarch."可知,在2月29日出生的人,有的是在2月28日庆祝生日,也有些人会在二月的最后一天和三月一个为期两天的庆生活动。由此可知,在这一天出生的人可能会在不同的日期庆祝生日。词义猜测题。根据下文所举的例子可知,在法律体系中闰日的出现可能会带来一些麻烦。推理判断题。根据全文最后一段可知有小部分计时员曾努力争取把间日从日历中剔除,而大部分的专家和一众社会团体都认为闰日的设置是维持日历正常运转的最佳方式。所以人们对于闰日的存在看法不一。三、答案:l.D;2.D;3.A;4.C解析:1.细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句Z/Butarecentstudysuggestsourabilitytosleepisdistinctlyaffectedbythelunarcycle,evenwhentakingintoaccountartificialsourcesoflight.(但最近的一项研究表明,我们的睡眠能力明显受到月球周期的影响,即使把人工光源也考虑在内)〃可知,最近的研究主要是关于月亮周期对睡眠的影响,所以选D项。细节理解题。根据第五段的^Ineachcommunity,thepeakofparticipantssleepinglessandstayinguplateroccurredinthethree~to-five~dayperiodpriortofullmoonnights,andtheoppositeoccurredonthenightsbeforethenewmoon,theauthorsfound.(作者发现,在每个社区中,参与者睡眠少,熬夜晚的高峰出现在满月前的3到5天,而新月前的夜晚则相反)〃可知,参与实验的人在月圆前的晚上睡得最少,所以选I)项。词义猜测题。根据划线词上文〃Wehumanstendtobelievethatwemanagedtosomehowcontrolnature,andtheuseofartificiallightisagreatexampleofthat"可矢口,DelaIglesia说我们人类倾向于相信我们设法控制了自然,而人造光的使用就是人类控制自然一个很好的例子,所以由此推断划线词指的是〃控制自然〃,所以选A项。推理判断题。根据最后一段的,zDerk-JanDijk,aprofessorofsleepandphysiologyandthedirectorofasleepresearchcentreattheUniversityofSurrey,describedthestudyasexcitingbutnotedthattheresearchershadnotaddressedinternalinfluencessuchasbodyclocksthatcouldaffectsleeppatterns.(萨里大学睡眠研究中心主任,睡眠生理学教授Derk-JanDijk称这项研究令人兴奋,但他指出,研究人员还没有解决可能影响睡眠模式的生物钟等内部影响）〃可推知,Derk-JanDijk认为研究结果不完整,所以选C项。四、答案:1-4BCDA解析:1・细节理解题。根据第一段中的"JackwasfrozentodeathintheicycoldwatersothatRosecouldsurviveonthefloatingdooralone(Jack被冻死在冰冷的水中是为了Rose能一个人在漂浮的门板上活下来)"可知,答案是B项(Jack为救Rose而牺牲自己)而不是A(他想自杀)、C(他没钱买票)或D(他缺乏基本的物理知识)。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的"ButitdoesshowthatthefilmwaseffectiveinmakingJacksobelovedbytheaudiencethatithurtsthemtoseehimdie(但那确实表明,这部电影有效地把Jack塑造得让观众非常喜爱,以至于看到他死去他们感到心痛)"可知,观众之所以争论Jack的死,是因为他们喜欢Jack这个角色(C项),不是因为他们是软弱的人(A项),不是因为他们不喜欢这部电影(B项),也不是因为他们痴迷于物理(D项)。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"SinceJackhadtodie,Cameronsaid,itcouldhavehappenedinavarietyofdifferentways.It'snotaboutthedoornotbeingbigenough:that,sjustapracticalmethodforhisdeath.（Cameron说,既然Jack必须死,那可能就有各种不同的方式死去。不是门板够不够大的问题:那不过是一种对于他来说可行的死亡方式。)”可推断,提及烟囱只是要解释Jack不可改变的死亡命运。A项:介绍船是怎么建造的;B项:展示电影原先的计划;C项:呈现电影缺失的部分。这三项显然与原文不符。主旨大意题。文章主要说明了电影中Jack为救Rose,自己淹死在水中。《泰坦尼克号》导演Cameron回答了观众对电影的质疑,并给出了Jack非死不可的理由。由此可推断文章的最佳标题应该是A项(《泰坦尼克号》中Jack必须死）。五、 答案: