Unit1-Grammar名师课前预习单

1/1Unit1Grammar名师课前预习单Book7Unit1：Livingwell课前预习题单【教材版本与册数】人教版高中英语选修七【单元名称】Unit1Livingwell【课时】Section3（第3课时）【课型】grammar（语法课）【预习任务描述】1.勾画阅读课文中含有不定式的句子，自主复习不定式的形式与功能；2.预习与感知不定式的完成式的用法。【预习题】一、总结动词不定式的用法。1.复习归纳动词不定式的功能thefunctionsoftheinfinitives（不定式的功能）1.asthesubject（作主语）2.asthepredicative（作表语）3.astheobject（作宾语)4.astheobjectcomplement（作宾补）5.astheadverbial（作状语）6.astheattribute（作定语）e.g.:Toaskhimforhelpisnecessary.主语1.Itisgoodtohelpothers. 1.__________(subject)2.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.(predicative)2.__________3.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.(attribute)3.__________4.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.(object)4.__________5.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.5.__________(adverbial)6.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.(objectcomplement)6.___________2.动词不定式的基本形式主动形式被动形式一般式完成式进行式/完成进行式/否定形式疑问词＋不定式复合结构/二、动词不定式的用法动词不定式由“to+do”构成，其否定形式为nottodo。动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成动词不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。动词不定式在句中不能独立做谓语，但在句中可以做主语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，表语和状语等多种成分。动词不定式作主语(1).动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如果不定式太长，常用____作形式主语。Toseeistobelieve.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.Itmademehappytofindmykey.a.如果要说明不定式表示的动作的发出者的话，要在不定式前加for引起的短语，构成“Itis+adj.+for+名词（或代词宾格）+不定式”的句型；b.表示人的品性的形容词（如clever,kind,nicewise,foolish,polite,stupid,silly等）作表语时，不定式前常用of引起的短语，构成“Itis+adj.+of+名词（或代词宾格）+不定式”的句型。【即时练习】Itiseasy_______himtoworkoutthismathproblem.Itwasfoolish_______himtomakesuchamistake.动词不定式作表语不定式作表语，用来解释主语或主语从句中do的精确含义时，往往可以省略动词不定式符号to.Mywishistobecomeauniversitystudent.Herjobistolookafterpatients.Whatwewanttodonowis(to)liedownandrest.Themethodprovedtobehighlyeffective.3.动词不定式作宾语（1）常用不定式作宾语的动词有：want,agree,desire,determine,refuse,hope,wish,expect,promise,choose,pretend,decide,offer,manage,intend,learn,afford等。【即时练习】Wehope_________therebeforedark.(get)Hecan’tafford__________theexpensivecar.(buy)(2).可用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语的动词有:know,learn,decide,think,consider,observe,wonder,settle,inquire等。Idon’tknowwhattodo.Heisconsideringwhentoholdaparty.(3)在某些复合宾语中，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正作宾语的不定式放到宾语补足语之后。Ithinkitimportanttokeepthesocietysteady.Hethinksitimpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.动词不定式作宾语补足语常见的可以用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,tell,invite,force,want,wish,teach,get,beg,allow,forbid,encourage,advise,persuade等。Theytoldhimnottobelateagain.Theparentsdon’tallowtheirchildrentogooutatnight.(2)表示使役的动词make,let,have和表示感官的动词hear，watch,see,notice,observe,feel,listento,lookat，其后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。Isawhimentertheroom.eq\o\ac(○,注):以上类型的句子变为被动语态时，省略的不定式符号to必须恢复(let除外)Ioftenhearhimsingthissong.主动Heisoftenheardtosingthissong.被动动词不定式作定语（1）不定式作定语时，常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，表示将来的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词。Hetoldmehehadnopentowritewith.Sheisaverynicepersontoworkwith.动词不定式作状语不定式作状语常用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因等。Shegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.注意：现在分词表示结果时，表示“自然产生的结果”Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.三、语法选择1.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenewstudents.A.speaking B.havingspoken C.tospeak D.tohavespoken2.We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds____toachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdone B.do C.tobedone D.todo3.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinthefutureofourcompany.A.tobemade B.beingmade C.made D.havingbeenmade4.Thismachineisveryeasy.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.A.operating B.tobeoperating C.operated D.tooperate5.Tomtookataxitotheairport,only______hisplanehighupinthesky.A.finding B.tofind C.beingfound D.tohavefound6.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut______anevengreaterchallenge.A.meets B.meeting C.meet D.tomeet7.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy_____anythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatch B.watching C.watched D.tohavewatched8.Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirds________away.A.tostay B.staying C.stayed D.stay9.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only______thathiswifehadlefthim.

A.tobetold B.telling C.beingtold D.told10.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit'sbetter_______silent.A.remain B.beremaining C.havingremained D.toremain

【参考答案】一、总结动词不定式的用法。1.复习归纳动词不定式的功能1.主语2.表语3.定语4.宾语5.状语6.宾补2.动词不定式的基本形式主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/否定形式nottodonottobedone疑问词＋不定式wh－todowh－tobedone复合结构sb.todo/forsb.todo/二、动词不定式的用法1.it;for;of3.(1)toget;tobuy三、语法选择1.C不定式表目的，故选C。2.C考查need的用法：needdoing=needtobedone“需要做某事”，主动表被动。3.A分析句子结构可知，空白处为后置定语，与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系，而且是将要发生的动作。由此可知，表示被动和将来的A选项符合题意。B表示被动进行，C表示被动完成，D表示被动完成，但是不作定语。因此，正确答案为A选项。4.D在句型“主语+be+adj+todo”中，如果这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语，故用主动表被动，所以选D。5.B.考查不定式的用法。“only+todo”表示结果状语，译为“结果却…”6.D所填词与前文构成固定句型havenochoicebuttodosth，故选D。7.