阅读理解之说明文-2024年新高考英语一轮复习练

专题18阅读理解（说明文）

刷大题、提能力

1.（云南师范大学附属中学2023年高三试题）

Lately,ifsfeltliketechnologicalchangehasenteredanincrediblespeed,panieslikeOpenAIandGooglehave

unveilednewArtificialIntelligencesystemswithincrediblecapabilities,makingwhatonceseemedlikescience

fictionaneverydayreality.It'sanerathatisraisingbig,existentialquestionsforusall,abouteverythingfromthe

futureofhumanexistencetothefutureofhumanwork.

4"Thingsarechangingsofhst,“saysErikBrynjolfsson,aleading,technologyfbcusedeconomistbasedat

StanfordUniversity.Ashenotes,thisnewwaveoftechnologicalchangelookslikeitcouldbeprettydifferent.

Unlikebefore,experiencedandskilledworkersbenefitedmostlyfromAItechnology.Inthisnewwave,it'stheless

experiencedandlessskilledworkerswhobenefitthemost."Andthatmightbehelpfulintermsofclosingsomeof

theinequalitythatprevioustechnologiesactuallypromoted,9,Brynjolfssonsays.Soonebenefitofintelligence

machinesis-maybe-theywillimprovetheknowhowandsmartsoflowperformers,therebyreducinginequality.

Butit'salsopossiblethatAIcouldlowertheprofitoftheexperienced,smart,orknowledgeableones.AIcould

reduceinequalitybybringingthebottomup,anditcouldalsoreduceinequalitybybringingthetopandmiddle

down.

Ofcourse,asErikput,it'salsopossiblethatAlcouldendupincreasinginequalityevenmore.Forone,itcould

maketheBigAIpanies,whichownthesepowerfulnewsystems,wildlyrich.Itcouldalsoempowerbusiness

ownerstoreplacemoreandmoreworkerswithintelligentmachines.Anditcouldkilljobsforallbutthebestofthe

bestinvariousindustries,whokeeptheirjobsbecausemaybethey'resuperstarsorbecausemaybetheyhave

seniority.

TheeffectsofAI,ofcourse,arestillverymuchbeingstudiedandthesesystemsareevolvingfast-sothisis

justanassumption.Thismachineintelligencecouldupendmuchofthepreviousthinkingonwhichkindsofjobs

willbeaffectedbyautomation.

1.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"theknowhowandsmarts“meaninparagraph2?

A.Experienceandintelligence.B.Skillsandpotential.

C.Abilitiesandexperience.D.Outlookandtalents.

2.WhowillgainmoreinthisnewAIera?

A.Theseniorwithhighrank.B.Thenewwithlittleexperience.

C.Thelearnedwithgreatcredit.D.Thepoorwithpracticalskills.

3.WhichstatementwillErikprobablyagreewith?

A.ThefastdevelopmentofAIwillpromotethedivisionofinequality.

B.ThebestofallwalksoflifewillsurvivethepetitionagainstAIsystems.

C.GiantAIpanieswillbethewinnerinthefutureworldofnewAIsystems.

D.Lowerrankworkerswithlittleknowledgeareboundtobeabandonedbyemployers.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheFastGrowthoftheWorldB.TheInfluenceoftheInequality

C.TheImpactoftheAISystemD.TheFutureoftheAIGeneration

【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经济学家Erik就OpenAI等新兴人工智能公司所触发的新人工智能

对人类未来可能产生的影响的研究。

1.词义猜测题。根据第二段“Inthisnewwave,ifsthelessexperiencedandlessskilledworkerswhobenefitthe

most."（在这股新浪潮中，经验不足、技术含量较低的工人受益最大。）可知，智能机器的一个益处就是提

升较低的工作表现者的经验和智力，从而推断出划线短语theknowhowandsmarts在句中意为“经验和智力”,

和A项“经验和智力”意思相同。故选A项。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段“Inthisnewwave,it'sthelessexperiencedandlessskilledworkerswhobenefitthe

most."（在这股新浪潮中，经验不足、技术含量较低的工人受益最大。）可知，在新的人工智能时代受益最

多的是经验不足的新人。故选B项。

3.推理判断题。根据第四段“Ofcourse,asErikput,ifsalsopossiblethatAlcouldendupincreasinginequality

evenmore.Forone,itcouldmaketheBigAIpanies,whichownthesepowerfulnewsystems,wildlyrich."（当然，

正如Erik所说，人工智能最终也有可能进一步加剧不平等。首先，它可以让拥有这些强大新系统的大型人

工智能公司变得非常富有。）可知，Erik赞同的观点是巨型人工智能公司将成为未来新人工智能系统世界的

赢家。故选C项。

4.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Soonebenefitofintelligencemachinesis—maybe—theywillimprovetheknowhow

andsmartsoflowperformers,therebyreducinginequality."（因此，智能机器的一个好处是---也许它们将

提高低绩效者的专业知识和智慧，从而减少不平等。）及第三段“Ofcourse,asErikput,ifsalsopossiblethatAl

couldendupincreasinginequalityevenmore.^^（当然，正如Erik所说，人工智能最终也有可能进一步加剧不

平等。）及最后一段"TheeffectsofAI,ofcourse,arestillverymuchbeingstudiedandthesesystemsareevolving

fast-sothisisjustanassumption.”（当然，人工智能的影响仍在研究中，这些系统正在快速发展---所以这

只是一个假设。）可知，本文主要通过人工智能对工作者和加剧了社会不平等两个方面讲述了人工智能的影

响，C项“人工智能的影响”符合题意。故选C项。

2.（20232024学年湖南省名校大联考英语试题）

PFASarefoundinnonstickpans,waterprooffabricsandfoodpackaging.They'recalledforeverchemicals

becauseoftheirabilitytostickaroundandnotbreakdown.Now,usingabitofheatandtworelativelymonpounds,

researchershavedegraded（降解）thechemicalinthelab.

WhilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimplewaysofbreakingdownselectPFAS,mostdegradation

methodsrequireharshprocessesusingintensepressure-insomecasesover22megapascals-orextremelyhigh

temperatures-sometimesupwardsofl,000℃一tobreakthechemicalbonds.

WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstances

foundinnearlyeverychemistrylab;sodiumhydroxide（氢氧化钠）,alsoknownaslye,andasolvent（溶齐［|）called

DMSO.TheteamworkedspecificallyonagroupofforeverchemicalswhichcontainalargepercentageofPFAS.

WhentheteambinedchemicalswiththelyeandDMSOat120℃andwithnoextrapressureneeded,the

carbolicacid（竣酸）felloffthechemicalsandbecamecarbondioxide."Whathappenednextwasunexpected,"

Dichtelsaid.Thelossoftheacidhelpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions（氟离子）andsmaller

carboncontainingproducts,leavingbehindnoharmfulbyproducts.

“It'saneatmethod;it'sdifferentfromothersthathavebeentried,1'saysChrisSales,anenvironmentalengineer

atDrexelUniversityinPhiladelphiawhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy."Thebiggestquestionishowthiscouldbe

adaptedandscaledup.Understandingthismechanismisjustonestepinundoingforeverchemicals,"Salessaid.

Thisprocesswouldn'tworktodealwithPFASintheenvironment,becauseitrequiresaconcentratedamount

ofthechemicals,butitcouldonedaybeusedinwastewatertreatmentplants,wherethepollutantscouldbefiltered

outofthewater,concentratedandthenbrokendown.

5.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepreviouswaystobreakdownPFAS?

A.They*reecofriendly.B.They'vebeenwidelyused.

C.They'redifficulttooperate.D.They'reregardedasuseless.

6.Whatdidtheteamdointheirexperiment?

A.Theyexperimentedwithdifferentsolvents.

B.Theytriedtwoverymonsubstances.

C.Theytestedeverygroupofforeverchemicals,

D.Theyexposedchemicalstoextremetemperatures.

7.Whatmadetheresearchersmostsurprisedintheirexperiment?

A.Environmentallyfriendlyreactionsoccurred.

B.Thecarboxylicacidbecamecarbondioxide.

C.Noextrapressurewasneededforthetrial.

D.ThelyeandDMSOcouldworkat120℃,

8.WhatcanweinferfromChrisSales*words?

A.ItisdifficulttodealwithPFASintheenvironment.

B.Thismechanismwillsoonbeusedintheenvironment.

C.Themethodwillbeappliedtodifferentkindsofchemicals.

DMoreresearchisneededbeforethemethodiswidelyused.

【答案】5.C6.B7.A8.D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国埃文斯顿西北大学的研究人员发现了一种新的方法来分解那些难以分解

的PFASo

5.Co推理判断题。根据第二段中的“…mostdegradationmethodsrequireharshprocessesusingintense

pressure-insomecasesover22megapascals-orextremelyhightemperatures-sometimesupwardsof

l,000℃一tobreakthechemicalbonds”可知，以前的那些分解方法需要高压高温，因此很难操作。

6.Bo细节理解题。根据第三段中的“…andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstancesfoundinnearlyevery

chemistrylab:sodiumhydroxide（氢氧化钠）同soknownaslye,andasolvent（溶齐（J）calledDMSO”可知，William

Dichtel团队使用了两种很常见的物质。

7.Ao细节理解题。根据第四段中的《Whathappenednextwasunexpected,'Dichtelsaid.Thelossoftheacid

helpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions（氟离子）andsmallercarboncontainingproducts,leavingbehindno

harmfulbyproducts.”可知，他们没预料到会有非常环保的化学反应发生。

8.Do推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的"Thebiggestquestionishowthiscouldbeadaptedandscaled

up.Understandingthismechanismisjustonestepinundoingforeverchemicals,*Salessaid.“可知，ChrisSales认为

想要广泛地应用这个方法还需要很多研究。

3.（江西省宜丰中学2023年高三试题）

Somepeoplesaythattheplanetisgettingsmaller,thattherearefewplaceslefttoexplore,andthattheageof

explorationwillbeoversoon.

Iwouldargueinsteadthattherehasneverbeenagreaterneedtoexplore.Thafsbecausethestageforall

explorationisthenaturalworld,andnatureisexperiencingarapiddecline.Itisbyexploringthatweunderstand

andwhenweunderstandwedevelopanappreciationforwhatisfound.Ultimately,onlythethingsweappreciate

areworthprotecting.

Asthegoldenageofexplorationweakens,sodoestherichnessoflifeonEarth.Itisn?tjustthattherearefewer

blankareasonthemap;itisthatwildplacesandspaceshavebeenprogressivelycarvedup（瓜分）.Visitingthe

OkavangoDeltaorKalahariDesert,forexample,nolongerimpliesaselfsupportedexpedition.Fieldstationspop

upinimportantnationalparksandremotesensingbysatellitebeesmonplace.

Inthenextcentury,Ibelievewewillneedlargerandwilderareas.Wewillneedthewilderness,notjustforthe

protectionofit,butbecauseitisanimportantpartoftheecosystemsfromwhichwegainournecessitieslikeclean

water,foodandmaterials.Ifwesucceed,thenexpeditions-brieftravelsintothewildthatseektoanswer

questions,monitorpopulations,andinspireaction——willhavearenewedsenseofpurpose.Moreimportantly,they

greatlyhelpthepublicexperience,understandandappreciatenature.

Basedonmyownresearchexpeditionwhichaimstounderstand“edgeeffects”-howthechangesin

temperatureatforestedgesimpactanimals,Ifinditimportantthattoday'sscientistscontinuetospendtimeinthe

field.Itisherethattheybegintounderstandhowseeminglyunrelatedenvironmentalinteractionsinfluencetheir

studysystem.Sometimes,ifsdifficulttoknowwhichisimportanttomeasureuntilyoustandoutthereontheforest

edge.

Itistheyounggenerationthatisthemainforcetoleadthenextwaveofexpeditions.Themeasureoftheir

successwillbewhethertherearestillwellpreservedwildplacesforexpeditionsinthefuture.Theirleadershipis

needednow,morethanever.

9.Whafsthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tosuggestunderstandingnaturebykeepingexploring.

B.Toadvisepeoplenottotraveltounknownplaces.

C.Toinformusaboutthereducedbiodiversity.

D.Tocallonthepublictosupportthestudy.

10.WhatcanweknowabouttheexpeditioninwildspacesfromParagraph3?

A.Itisdifficultforexplorerstomakeprogress.

B.Itismoreaccessiblewiththehelpoftechnology.

C.Itpromotesthedevelopmentofsatellitetechnology.

D.Itrequiresexplorerstotakesufficientheavyequipment.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“popup“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Appearunexpectedly.B.Closetemporarily.

C.Developquickly.D.Differgreatly.

12.Whatdoestheauthorrealizeafterhisresearchexpedition?

A.Thesignificanceofscientists5fieldtrip.

B.Thedifficultyofcarryingoutfieldwork.

C.Theneedtoexpandtheedgesofforests.

D.Theinfluenceofhisstudyontheenvironment.

【答案】9.A10.B11.A12.A

【导语】本文是说明文，文章主要介绍了科学家实地探索来了解自然的重要性。通过探索，人们才能理解

并欣赏值得保护的东西。

9.推理判断题o通读全文，尤其是第二段"Iwouldargueinsteadthattherehasneverbeenagreaterneedto

explore.Thafsbecausethestageforallexplorationisthenaturalworld,andnatureisexperiencingarapiddecline.

Itisbyexploringthatweunderstandandwhenweunderstandwedevelopanappreciationforwhatisfound.

Ultimately,onlythethingsweappreciateareworthprotecting.（相反，我想说的是，从未有过更大的探索需求。

这是因为所有探索的舞台都是自然界，而自然界正在经历迅速的衰退。正是通过探索，我们理解了，当我

们理解了，我们就会对所发现的东西产生欣赏。最终，只有我们欣赏的东西才值得保护。户和第四段“Ifwe

succeed,thenexpeditions——brieftravelsintothewildthatseektoanswerquestions,monitorpopulations,and

inspireaction-willhavearenewedsenseofpurpose.Moreimportantly,theygreatlyhelpthepublicexperience,

understandandappreciatenature.（如果我们成功了，那么探险队----短暂的野外旅行，寻求回答问题、监测种

群并激励行动——将有新的目标感。更重要的是，它们极大地帮助公众体验、理解和欣赏自然。广可推知,

文章的写作目的是建议通过不断探索来了解自然。故选A。

10.推理判断题。根据第三段中"VisitingtheOkavangoDeltaorKalahariDesert,forexample,nolongerimplies

aselfsupportedexpedition.Fieldstationspopupinimportantnationalparksandremotesensingbysatellitebees

monplace.（例如，访问奥卡万戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠，就不再意味着自力更生的探险。在重要的国家公园

里都会出现野外观测站，利用卫星进行遥感也会变得很普遍。）”可推知，在技术的帮助下，野外探险更加容

易到达，故选B。

11.词句猜测题。划线词组上文讲到"VisitingtheOkavangoDeltaorKalahariDesert,forexample,nolonger

impliesaselfsupportedexpedition.（例如，参观奥卡万戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠,不再意味着自力更生的探险

可知，野外探险不再是自力更生的探险，因此推断划线词组所在句子“Fieldstationspopupinimportant

nationalparksandremotesensingbysatellitebeesmonplace.”的意思是：在重要的国家公园里出现了野外观测

站，卫星遥感变得司空见惯。说明在在技术的帮助下，野外探险容易了，可知第三段中带下划线的部分的

意思是“突然出现"，故选A。

12.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Basedonmyownresearchexpeditionwhichaimstounderstand"edgeeffects^^

——howthechangesintemperatureatforestedgesimpactanimals,Ifinditimportantthattoday?sscientists

continuetospendtimeinthefield.Itisherethattheybegintounderstandhowseeminglyunrelatedenvironmental

interactionsinfluencetheirstudysystem.Sometimes,ifsdifficulttoknowwhichisimportanttomeasureuntilyou

standouttherecmtheforestedge.（根据我自己的研究考察，目的是了解“边缘效应”---森林边缘温度的变化

如何影响动物，我发现今天的科学家继续花时间在这个领域是很重要的。正是在这里，他们开始理解看似

无关的环境相互作用如何影响他们的学习系统。有时候，在你站在森林边缘之前，很难知道哪个是重要的

测量值。户可推知，作者在研究探险之后意识到了科学家实地考察的意义。故选A。

4.（2023年湖南省娄底市名校联考信息卷）

InJanuary,2021,theicemakingworkonthe“IceRibbon”,alandmarkvenuefortheBeijingWinterOlympics,

waspleted.

IntheWinterOlympics,whereracescanbewonorlostbyasmalltimegap,tinyimperfectionsintheicecan

makeallthedifferences."It'snotjustahunkoficelikeyou'dnormallythinkof,likeicecubessittinginyour

freezer/toldKennethGolden,aU.S.mathematicianwhostudiesthestructuresofice."It'samuchmore

fascinatingandplexsubstancethanpeoplewouldnormallythink.”

Thefirststepforbuildinganyicerinkistopurifythewatertoremovedissolvedsolidslikesaltsandminerals.

Suchimpuritiesdon'tfitintheregularhexagonal（六边形的）structureoficethatformsaswaterfreezes.Thepurer

thewater,themoreconsistenttheicesurface.

Inadditiontotheneedforexcellenceintherawmaterialsoficemaking,technologyisalsoveryimportant,As

oneofthemostadvancedtechnologiesforwintersportsvenues,acarbondioxidecoolingtechnologyhasbeen

appliedonalargescalefortheBeijingWinterOlympicGames.CO2,isnotnewwhenitestoicemaking.However,

ithasbeengraduallyreplacedbythemanmaderefrigerant,likeFreon.

Withincreasingattentiontowardclimatechange,theoldrefrigeranthaseintouseagain.Asanelementofthe

atmosphere,CO2,doesn'tdamagetheozonelayer.AlthoughCO2isagreenhousegas,itsgreenhouseeffectismuch

lowerthanthatofothersyntheticrefrigerants.TheWinterOlympicsvenuesadoptedCO2insteadofFreonasa

refrigerantinicemaking,whichwillreducecarbondioxideemissionsgreatly.

“WebelievethesetechnologicalinnovationswillbringBeijing2022tospectatorsallovertheworldinamore

impressiveway."toldGaoBofromtheMediaOperationsDepartmentoftheBeijingOrganizingmitteeforthe

2022OlympicandParalympicWinterGames.

13.Whatistheresultofimpuritiesinwaterforicemaking?

A.Thewaterisn'tabletofreezepletely.

B.Thequalityoftheicewillbeaffected.

C.Theicesurfacewillbemoreconsistent.

D.Ifslikelyforathletestofallontheice.

14.WhyhasCO2coolingtechnologybeenappliedfortheWinterOlympicGames?

A.It'sthemostadvancedtechnologyforicemaking.

B.CO2ismoreefficientthanotherrefrigerants.

C.CO2ismoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanFreon.

D.CO2hasalreadyexistedintheatmosphere.

15.WhatisGaoBo'sattitudetoCO2beingappliedtoicemaking?

A.Unclear.B.Opposed.C.Doubtful.D.Favorable.

16.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheBeijingWinterOlympicGamesAreing

B.BeneathOlympicIce

C.TheUseofRefrigerantsinOlympicGames

D.TheStructureofIce

【答案】13.B14.C15.D16.B

【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了北京冬奥会在制冰的原料和技术上的精益求精，既要保证冰的纯净又

要保证其环保。

【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Suchimpuritiesdon'tEtintheregularhexagonalstructureofice

thatformsaswaterfreezes.Thepurerthewater,themoreconsistenttheicesurfaced这种杂质不适合于水结冰时

形成的常规六边形结构。水越纯净，冰面越稳定。）”可知，这些杂质不适合水结冰时形成的规则的六边形结

构。水越纯净，冰面就越坚固，即水中的杂质会使冰的质量受到影响。故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的"Asanelementoftheatmosphere,CO2doesn'tdamagetheozone

layer.TheWinterOlympicsvenuesadoptedCO2insteadofFreonasarefrigerantinicemaking,whichwillreduce

carbondioxideemissionsgreatly（作为大气中的一种元素，二氧化碳不会破坏臭氧层。尽管二氧化碳是一种温

室气体，但其温室效应远低于其他合成制冷剂，冬奥会场馆在制冰过程中采用二氧化碳代替氟利昂作为制

冷剂，将大大减少二氧化碳的排放。）”可知，二氧化碳冷却技术被应用于冬奥会是因为二氧化碳比氟利昂更

环保。故选C。

3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的"WebelievethesetechnologicalinnovationswillbringBeijing2022to

spectatorsallovertheworldinamoreimpressiveway（我们认为这些技术创新将以一种更令人印象深刻的方式

将北京2022年冬奥会带给全世界的观众。y可知，高博认为这些技术创新将以一种更令人印象深刻的方式

将北京2022年冬奥会带给全世界的观众。由此可推断，高博对二氧化碳用于制冰持支持态度。故选D。

4.主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章第一段“InJanuary,2021,theicemakingworkonthe"IceRibbon^^,a

landmarkvenuefortheBeijingWinterOlympics,waspleted.（2021年1月，北京冬奥会标志性场馆"冰丝带"的

制冰工程竣工。）”可知，本文主要介绍的是北京冬奥会的冰及在制冰的原料和技术上的高标准，故Beneath

OlympicIce（奥运会冰的秘密）适合作本文的标题。故选B。

5.（广东省深圳市罗湖区部分学校20232024学年高三试题）

Anyonecanbelateahandfuloftimes,buttobethepersonwhoisalwayslatethafsanart,afrustratingart.Or,a

sideeffectofyourpersonalitytraits,scientistshavefound.

Sowhatisitthatcausessomepeopletoconstantlymisstrains,makeittotheweddingjustafterthebride's

shownupandregularlyannoytheirfriends?Andwhyisitsohardforustofixit?”Thereareallsortsof

punishmentsforbeinglate,andtheparadoxisthatwearelateevenwhenthosepunishmentsandconsequences

exist."saidJustinKruger,asocialpsychologistatNewYorkUniversity.

Oneofthemonestreasonswhypeoplearefrequentlylateisthattheyfailtoaccuratelyjudgehowlongatask

willtakesomethingknownastheplanningfallacy（谬误）.Researchhasshownthatpeopleonaverage

underestimatethetimetopleteataskbyasignificant40percent.

Anothertraitisthatforeverlateersaremorelikelytobemultitaskers.Ina2003studyrunbyJeffContefrom

SanDiegoStateUniversityfoundthatoutof181subwayoperatorsinNewYorkCity,thosewhopreferred

multitaskingweremoreoftenlatefortheirjob.Thisisbecausemultitaskingmakesithardertohavetheawareness

ofwhatyou'redoing.Contealsodiscoveredthereisapersonalitytypethafsmorelikelytobelate.Whilehighly

strung（紧张不安），achievementorientedTypeAindividualsaremorepossibletobepunctual.TypeBindividuals,

however,whoaremorelaidback（漫不经心），haveahigherchancetobelate.

Admittedly,knowingallofthisdoesn'tnecessarilyhelpfixtheproblem.Butscientistsarestartingtoworkon

strategiesthatcanslowlyimproveourpunctuality.Forpeoplewhoconstantlyunderestimatetasks,breakingdown

anactivityintodetailedstepscanhelppeopleestimatehowlongsomethingwilltakemoreaccurately.Asforyour

personalitytype,unfortunately,thereisn'tmuchyoucandotochangethat.Butacceptingthatyouneedtostruggle

foritmayjusthelp.Acceptance,afterall,isthefirststeptochange.

17.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“paradox“meaninparagraph2?

A.Strategy.B.Argument.C.Solution.D.Puzzle.

18.Whatisapossiblefeatureofforeverlateers?

A.Theyplantospendmoretimeonatask.

B.Theytacklemorethanonetaskatatime.

C.Theysufferfromconcentrationdifficulties.

D.Theyhavehighexpectationsforachievements.

19.Whichadvicecanbegiventopeoplewhoarealwayslate?

A.Learntoacceptwhoyouare.B.Changeyourpersonalitytype.

C.Divideataskintosmallerones.D.Keeptothetimetableaccurately.

20.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Timemanagementcontributestosuccess.

B.Lateersshouldbeseverelypunished.

C.One'salwaysbeinglateislinkedtopersonality.

D.Changingpersonalityhelpsimprovepunctuality.

【答案】17.D18.B19.C20.C

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了迟到的原因可能能与性格特征相关，并提出了一些相应的策

略。

17.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段划线词paradox前文的内容“Thereareallsortsofpunishmentsforbeing

late（对于迟到，有各种各样的惩罚）”和后文的内容“wearelateevenwhenthosepunishmentsandconsequences

exist.（即使存在惩罚和后果，我们仍然会迟到）”可知，前文提出迟到了会有相应的惩罚，后文提出即使受到

惩罚，但我们还是会迟到，故此处的划线词与D项“令人费解的事、难题”意思相近，迟到了会受到惩罚，

令人费解的就是即使有惩罚，我们仍然会迟到，故选D。

18.细节理解题。根据文章第四段"AnothertraitisthatforeverlateersaremoreHkelytobemultitaskers.（永远迟

到的人的另一个特点可能是多重任务的）“可知，永远迟到的人的特点可能是一次要处理很多任务，是多重任

务的，故选B。

19.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段"Butscientistsarestartingtoworkonstrategiesthatcanslowlyimproveour

punctuality.Forpeoplewhoconstantlyunderestimatetasks,breakingdownanactivityintodetailedstepscanhelp

peopleestimatehowlongsomethingwilltakemoreaccurately.（对于那些经常低估任务的人来说，将一项任务分

解成详细的步骤可以帮助人们准确地估计这项任务花的时间。）”可知，对于那些经常迟到的人，他们可以将

任务分解成一些小任务，从而更好的估计任务所花费的时间，故选C。

20.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"Anyonecanbelateahandfuloftimes,buttobethepersonwhoisalwayslate

thafsanart,afrustratingart.Or,asideeffectofyourpersonalitytraits,scientistshavefound.（任何人者可B能迟至U

几次，但要成为一个总是迟到的人，这是一门艺术，一门令人沮丧的艺术。或者，科学家发现，这是你性

格特征点副作用。）”以及后文对迟到人的特征的分析可知，本文主要介绍迟到可能是与性格相关的，故选C。

6.（广东省深圳市罗湖区部分学校20232024学年高三试题）

Nexttimeyou'rehavingtroublesolvingatrickypuzzle,consideraskinganearbybumblebee.

AnewstudyinthejournalPLOSBiologyfindsthatbumblebeescanlearncertainbehaviorsfromeachother,

suggestingthesesocialinsectshaveacapacityforwhatwehumanscall“culture.”

Inthepastcoupleofdecades,agrowingbodyofevidencehasshownthatanimalslikechimpsandbirdsshow

behaviorsoflearning.Ifwhattheylearnlastsforalongtime,itturnsintoatradition.Andcultureismadeupof

multipletraditions."'Bumblebees,though,havesomeofthemostplexbehavioralabilities,nobody'sreallythought

tolookatcultureinsuchinsectsandgenerallyassumethey'remostlydrivenbyinbornfactorsinstead,saysAlice

Bridges,abehavioralecologistatAngliaRuskinUniversityinEngland.

Toprovethemwrong,Bridgesbuiltapuzzlebox,whosebaseheldthereward:adropofsupersweetsugar

water.Theboxwasdesignedwitharotating（旋转）topthatcanberotatedbypushingeitheronaredtabclockwise

orabluetabanticlockwise.Somebeesweretrainedtopushtheredtabtogetthesugarwaterwhileotherspushed

theblueone.Then,thesetutorbeeswereplacedinsidedifferentcolonies（蜂群），alongwiththepuzzleboxes.

Theexperimentultimatelyplayeditselfout.Incolonieswherethetutorbeehadoriginallylearnedtopushthe

redtab,theotherbeesinthecolonyusuallypushedtheredtab.Incolonieswherethetutorbeewastrainedtopush

thebluetab,theirfellowbeesalsotendedtodothesame.Incontrast,inthecontrolgroupswithouttutors,thebees

sometimeslearnedhowtoopentheboxes,butmostofthemwoulddoitonceortwiceandthenneveragain.4tThey

perhapshadn'tquitemadethelinkbetweentheirbehaviorandthereward,Bridgessupposes.

“Manyofusconsiderourselvestoberatherspecial...becausewehaveculture,wecanlearnandwe'resocial,

Bridgessays."Butnowitturnsoutthateventhebeealsohasculture,whichisanunfbrtabletruth:humanculture,

oncethoughtunique,doesnotemerge4outoftheblue'buthasobviouslybuiltondeepevolutionaryfoundations.

21.Whatispeople'smonattitudetobumblebeeshavingculture?

A.Positive.B.Indifferent.C.Interested.D.Doubtful.

22.WhydoesBridgesplacetrainedbeesinsidedifferentcolonies?

A.Totesttheirlearningcapabilityinnewsettings.

B.Toseeiftheywillspreadthesecretoftheboxes.

C.Toevaluatetheirrulingpowerinvariousgroups.

D.Toobserveiftheywillsharetheirfoodwithpeers.

23.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningthestudy?

A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Implicationsonculturalorigins.

C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Suggestionsforfuturedirections.

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HumanCultureIsLosingItsUniqueness

B.Bee'sBehaviorBuildsonBiologicalFactors

C.CultureMayBePresentAmongBumblebees

D.Animals'EvolutionMayStartFromColonies

【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究发现大黄蜂具有人类所说的文化的能力。

20.推理判断题。根据第三段“"Bumblebees,though,havesomeofthemostplexbehavioralabilities,nobody's

reallythoughttolookatcultureinsuchinsectsandgenerallyassumethey'remostlydrivenbyinbornfactors

instead,saysAliceBridges,abehavioralecologistatAngliaRuskinUniversityinEngland.（英国AngliaRuskin大

学的行为生态学家AliceBridges说：“尽管大黄蜂有一些最复杂的行为能力，但没有人真正考虑过这种昆虫

的文化，通常认为它们主要是由先天因素驱动的。可知，人们通常认为大黄蜂的文化是由先天因素驱动

的，对大黄蜂具有文化持有怀疑的态度。故选D。

21.推理判断题。根据第五