从关联理论视角赏析《厄舍古屋的倒塌》中恐怖氛围的营造

AnAnalysisoftheHorrorConstructioninTheFalloftheHouseofUsherfromthePerspectiveofRelevanceTheory从关联理论视角赏析《厄舍古屋的倒塌》中恐怖氛围的营造摘要《厄舍古屋的倒塌》是爱伦·坡的经典心理恐怖小说之一，以其匪夷所思的故事情节、阴森恐怖的气氛而扣人心弦。恐怖描写是这篇小说的一大特点，而部分学者经过研究，发现关联理论作为认知语用的重要部分，可为《厄舍古屋的倒塌》中的恐怖氛围营造提供合理的解释。在关联理论框架下，本文从以下几个方面对《厄舍古屋的倒塌》中的恐怖氛围的营造进行了探讨：首先，小说中恰当的语言（通过词汇、句法结构等手段）给读者提供了一种明示刺激，帮助读者寻找关联性，从而获得某种语境效果。其次，作者在小说中提供的恐怖信息帮助读者不断更新他们的认知环境。作者提供的恐怖信息可被当做是一种明示刺激，帮助读者对小说的情节进行推理。第三，爱伦·坡很好地把握了读者的认知环境，帮助读者感知恐怖氛围。最后，《厄舍古屋的倒塌》这篇小说的恐怖氛围确保了自身的最佳关联性，因此读者可以不必费力却能获得足够的语境效果（恐怖效果）。关键词：《厄舍古屋的倒塌》；恐怖氛围营造；关联理论AbstractTheFalloftheHouseofUsherisoneofAllanPoe’sclassicpsychologicalhorrornovels.Itsunimaginablestoryline,terroratmospheretogripreaders,andthehorrordescriptionisagreatfeatureofthisnovel.Somescholarshavefoundoutthattherelevancetheoryisanimportantpartofcognitivepragmatics,whichcanprovideareasonableexplanationforthecreationofhorroratmosphereinTheFalloftheHouseofUsher.Basedontheframeworkoftherelevancetheory,thispaperdiscussesthehorrorconstructioninTheFalloftheHouseofUserfromthefollowingaspects.Firstofall,theuseofappropriatelanguageinTheFalloftheHouseofUsherprovidesostensivestimulustoreaders,andithelpsthereadertosearchforrelevancesoastoachieveacertaincontextualeffect.Secondly,thehorrorinformationprovidedinthenovelhelpsreaderstoupdatetheircognitiveenvironment,andthehorrorinformationcanberegardedasanostensivestimulustohelpthereaderstoinfertheplot.Thirdly,AllanPoegraspsthereaders’cognitiveenvironment,whichhelpsthereadertofeelthehorroratmosphere.Finally,thehorroratmosphereofthenovelensuresitsoptimalrelevance;therefore,thereadercanspendlessefforttogetenoughcontextualeffect(horroreffect).Keywords:TheFalloftheHouseofUsher;horrorconstruction;therelevancetheoryContentsIntroduction1AbriefintroductiontorelevancetheoryandTheFalloftheHouseofUsher12.1Relevancetheory22.2TheFalloftheHouseofUsher32.3Relevancetheoryandtheconstructionofatmosphereinnovels33.AnanalysisofthehorrorconstructioninTheFalloftheHouseofUsherfromtheperspectiveofrelevancetheory33.1Therelevancebetweenlanguageselectionandhorrorconstruction43.1.1Lexicalchoices43.1.2Sentencestructures53.1.3Rhetoricalchoices63.1.4Theuseofthefirstperson73.2Ostensiveinferentialcommunicationbetweenthewriterandthereadersinthecreationofterroratmosphere73.2.1Thewriter’sostensiononthehorrorplot83.2.2Thereaders’inferenceonthehorrorplot83.3Analyzingthehorrorconstructionfromtheperspectiveofcontext93.3.1Relevancetothesituationalcontext93.3.2Relevancetothepsychologicalcontext104.Conclusion11References12Acknowledgements13AcknowledgementsIwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoallthosewhohelpedmeduringthewritingofthisthesis.Firstofall,Iwouldliketoextendmysinceregratitudetomysupervisor,LuWeiwei,forherinstructiveadviceandusefulsuggestionsonmythesis.Icandeeplygratefulofherhelpinthecompletionofthisthesis.Secondly,Iamdeeplyindebtedtoallotherteachersintheforeignlanguagecollegefortheird