2025年考研英语（一）长篇阅读策略指导与真题分析

2025年考研英语（一）长篇阅读策略指导与真题分析考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______PartBDirections:Inthepassagebelow,therearefivesentencesmarkedA,B,C,DandE.Choosethemostsuitableonefromthesixoptions(FtoJ)tofillineachoftheblanks.Thereisoneextraoptionthatdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.Certainaspectsofthenaturalworldhavealwaysfascinatedhumans,fromtheintricatepatternsofleafveinstothevastexpanseofthecosmos.(A)________.Thiscuriosityoftendrivesinnovation,asscientistsandengineersstrivetomimicorreplicatethesenaturalprocessesforpracticalapplications.Onesuchareaismaterialsscience,wherebiomimicry–theimitationofnature’sstrategies–isyieldingremarkableresults.Forexample,thestructureofalotusleaf,whichrepelswateranddirt,hasinspiredthedevelopmentofself-cleaningsurfaces.(B)________.Byunderstandinghowthesenaturalsystemsoperate,wecanpotentiallysolvecomplexhumanproblemsmoreefficientlyandsustainably.Nature’sdesignprinciplesarenotlimitedtothemicroscopic;theycanalsobeobservedonagrandscale.Theefficientcoolingsystemsfoundintermitemounds,whichmaintainstableinternaltemperaturesdespiteexternalfluctuations,haveinspireddesignsforenergy-efficientbuildings.(C)________.Thesenaturalmodelsofferawealthofinspirationfortechnologicaladvancementacrossvariousfields.Fromadhesivesinspiredbygeckofeettolightweightmaterialsmimickinghoneycombstructures,theinfluenceofbiomimicryisgrowing.However,theapplicationofbiomimicryisnotwithoutitschallenges.(D)________.Whileobservinganaturalstructureorprocessprovidesastartingpoint,translatingitintoafunctionaltechnologyrequiressignificantinnovationandengineeringexpertise.Thescale,materialproperties,andenvironmentalconditionsoftendiffersubstantiallybetweenthenaturalmodelandthehuman-madeproduct.Furthermore,creatingasyntheticversionthatperfectlyreplicatesthenaturalsystem’sefficiencyandrobustnesscanbeincrediblycomplex.Anotherconsiderationistheethicaldimensionofutilizingnaturaldesigns.(E)________.Whilethisapproachcanleadtogroundbreakinginnovations,italsoraisesquestionsaboutintellectualpropertyrightsandthepotentialimpactonbiodiversity.Shouldcompaniesthatdevelopbiomimetictechnologiesberequiredtoshareprofitswiththecountriesorcommunitieswherethenaturalinspirationwasfound?Andhowdoesthemassproductionofman-madeversionsofnaturalstructuresimpacttheecosystemsthatoriginallyinspiredthem?F.Thisfascinationhasledtonumerousscientificdiscoveriesandtechnologicalbreakthroughs.G.Similarly,thehumblespider’swebhasinspiredthedevelopmentofstrongandflexiblesyntheticfibers.H.Yet,translatingtheseobservationsintofunctionaldesignsisoftenmorechallengingthanitappears.I.Thisinvolvesnotonlyunderstandingthebiologicalmechanismsbutalsoadaptingthemtohumanneeds.J.Thisraisesbothpracticalandphilosophicalquestionsthatneedcarefulconsideration.试卷答案A.FB.GC.ID.HE.J解析A.此题空格位于首段开头，承接前文对自然现象的普遍描述，并引出后文对好奇心驱动创新的具体说明。选项F“这种迷恋已经导致了众多科学发现和技术突破”恰当地总结了前文观点并引出后文内容，符合逻辑，故选F。B.此题空格位于首段末尾，前文提到荷叶结构启发了自清洁表面，空格后提到效率冷却系统启发了建筑设计，暗示列举更多实例。选项G“类似地，蜘蛛网的开发启发了强韧且灵活的人造合成纤维”与前后文内容并列，都属于自然启发的例子，符合语境，故选G。C.此题空格位于第二段中间，前文提到白蚁丘的冷却系统启发了建筑设计，空格后提到仿生学对技术进步的影响，空格处应进一步解释仿生学如何运作或其价值。选项I“这不仅涉及理解生物机制，还涉及将它们适应于人类需求”解释了仿生学从观察到应用的过程，承上启下，符合语境，故选I。D.此题空格位于第三段开头，后文提到应用仿生学面临挑战，如尺度、材料、环境差异以及复杂性和工程难题。选项