【MOOC】《微生物学》(浙江大学)章节作业慕课答案

【答案】《微生物学》(浙江大学)章节作业慕课答案

有些题目顺序不一致，下载后按键盘ctrl+F进行搜索第四章分子信息流和蛋白质加工第四章测验1.单选题：WhatisthefunctionoftheTusprotein(encodedbytus)?

选项：

A、bindingtheterminus(Tersite)andblockingprogressofthereplicationfork

B、holdingtogetherthetwocoreenzymesfortheleadingandlaggingstrands

C、preventingsinglestrandsofDNAfromannealing

D、unlinkinginterlockedcircles

答案：【bindingtheterminus(Tersite)andblockingprogressofthereplicationfork】2.单选题：Anucleotidesequencethatusuallycontains5′-TATAAT-3′iscalledthe

选项：

A、–35region.

B、alternativestartsite.

C、Pribnowboxor–10region.

D、transcriptionalstartsite.

答案：【Pribnowboxor–10region.】3.单选题：WhichenzymeisresponsibleforopeninguptheDNAhelixinorderforRNApolymerasetotranscribeagene?

选项：

A、DNAhelicase

B、DNAgyrase

C、RNApolymerase

D、topoisomerase

答案：【RNApolymerase】4.单选题：Inmostprokaryotes,DNAreplicationproceeds

选项：

A、withoutanRNAprimer.

B、3′to5′.

C、usingonlyasinglestrandasatemplate.

D、bidirectionally.

答案：【bidirectionally.】5.单选题：Duringtranslation,a(3-nucleotide)codoninanmRNAtranscriptisrecognizedbya(n)______thatcarrieswithitthecorrespondingaminoacid.

选项：

A、rRNAanticodon

B、rRNAcodon

C、tRNAanticodon

D、tRNAcodon

答案：【tRNAanticodon】6.单选题：ThelocationonabacterialchromosomewhereDNAreplicationbeginsis_____,andthebindingof_____opensupthedoublehelix.

选项：

A、oriC/DnaA

B、oriC/DNAgyrase

C、oriG/DnaA

D、oriG/DNAgyrase

答案：【oriC/DnaA】7.单选题：Whichstatementbelowprovidesanexplanationofwhyalaggingstrand(ratherthantwoleadingstrands)existsduringDNAreplication?

选项：

A、Newnucleotidescanbeaddedonlytoa3′(–OH)end.

B、Onlyoneprimercanexistatatime.

C、ThereisonlyoneDNApolymerasepercell.

D、Thereisonlyonereplisomepercell.

答案：【Newnucleotidescanbeaddedonlytoa3′(–OH)end.】8.单选题：Adenineandguanineareclassifiedas______,whereascytosineandthymineareclassifiedas______.

选项：

A、purines/pyrimidines

B、nucleotides/nucleosides

C、positive/negative

D、DNA/RNA

答案：【purines/pyrimidines】9.单选题：Inprokaryotes,MOSTmRNAshaveashorthalf-life,afterwhichtheyaredegradedby

选项：

A、RNApolymerase.

B、ribonucleases.

C、ribosomes.

D、degradesomes.

答案：【ribonucleases.】10.单选题：Whatformofenergyisusedduringboththeinitiationandtheelongationofproteinsynthesis?

选项：

A、cAMP

B、GTP

C、protonmotiveforce

D、rATP

答案：【GTP】11.单选题：Themostcommonfirst-positionaminoacidinbacterialproteinsis

选项：

A、isoleucine.

B、leucine.

C、methionine.

D、?N-formylmethionine.

答案：【?N-formylmethionine.】12.单选题：ThesigmasubunitofRNApolymerasefunctionsto

选项：

A、formRNApolymerase–DNAcomplexes.

B、locate,recognize,andbindtopromoterregions.

C、terminatemRNAsynthesisofgenesattheirstopsites.

D、dobothaandb.

答案：【dobothaandb.】13.单选题：WhichfeatureistrueforRNApolymeraseactivitybutNOTtrueforDNApolymeraseactivity

选项：

A、Precursornucleotidescancontainadenine,guanine,orcytosine.

B、Growthofnucleotidesequenceisonlyinthe5′→3′direction.

C、Newlysynthesizedstrandsareantiparalleltoitstemplatestrand.

D、Nucleotideprimerisunnecessary.

答案：【Nucleotideprimerisunnecessary.】14.单选题：WhichenzymeisNOTpresentinareplisome?

选项：

A、DNAhelicase

B、RNApolymerase

C、DNAprimase

D、DNApolymeraseIII

答案：【RNApolymerase】15.单选题：Thebasepairingbetween_____isespeciallystrongbecauseitcontainsanadditional_____bond,comparedto_____.

选项：

A、AandT/ionic/CandG

B、AandT/hydrogen/CandG

C、CandG/ionic/AandT

D、CandG/hydrogen/AandT

答案：【CandG/hydrogen/AandT】16.单选题：UnlikeEukarya,ArchaeaandBacteriadonothaveanucleus,sotheycan

选项：

A、useRNApolymerasefortranscription.

B、usepolysomestomakemultiplecopiesofaprotein.

C、supercoiltheirchromosomes.

D、performcoupledtranscriptionandtranslation.

答案：【performcoupledtranscriptionandtranslation.】17.单选题：Anoperonis

选项：

A、aclusterofgenestranscribedasasinglemRNA.

B、anenzymeresponsibleforturninggenesonandoff.

C、asitewhereDNAreplicationbegins.

D、asegmentofDNAthatcanmove.

答案：【aclusterofgenestranscribedasasinglemRNA.】18.单选题：______aregeneticelementsthatreplicateseparatelyfromthechromosome.

选项：

A、Operons

B、Plasmids

C、Transposons

D、Replisomes

答案：【Plasmids】19.单选题：TrueorFalse:Proteinchaperonesarefoundinalldomainsoflife,andtheirsequencesarehighlyconservedamongallorganisms.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】20.单选题：TrueorFalse:Ribosomesareoftenthetargetofantibacterialdrugssuchastetracycline.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【正确】第五章微生物的生长和控制第五章测验1.单选题：Forwhichofthefollowingpopulations/sampleswoulditbeMOSTinappropriatetousethespread-platetechniquetoquantifyviablecells?

选项：

A、EscherichiacoliK-12

B、Bacillusanthracis

C、Haemophilusinfluenzae

D、soilsample

答案：【soilsample】2.单选题：Microbesthatnaturallylivewithinmammalianhostsare

选项：

A、psychrotolerant.

B、mesophiles.

C、thermophiles.

D、xerophiles.

答案：【mesophiles.】3.单选题：Whodevelopedtheculturingtechniquetoenrichforacertainpopulationofmicrobialcellsfromacomplexcommunitybasedonaparticularmetabolicphenotypeofinterest?

选项：

A、deathphase

B、exponentialphase

C、lagphase

D、stationaryphase

答案：【stationaryphase】4.单选题：______organismshaveaparticularlydifficulttimemaintainingaprotonmotiveforcetosynthesizeATPusingATPase.

选项：

A、Acidophilic

B、Alkaliphilic

C、Microaerophilic

D、Obligateanaerobic

答案：【Alkaliphilic】5.单选题：Whichgrowthphasehasthelargestincreaseincellnumbersperunitoftime?

选项：

A、deathphase

B、exponentialphase

C、lagphase

D、stationaryphase

答案：【exponentialphase】6.单选题：Theexactcompositionof______mediaisknown.______mediainhibitthegrowthofsomemicrobes._______mediaareusedtoculturefastidiousmicrobes,particularlypathogens.

选项：

A、complex/Differential/Selective

B、complex/Enriched/Differential

C、defined/Selective/Enriched

D、defined/Enriched/Differential

答案：【defined/Selective/Enriched】7.单选题：Whathappenswhenacultureisincubatedabovetheorganism'smaximumtemperatureforgrowth?

选项：

A、Thecellcontinuestogrowatthenormalrate.

B、Thecellsgrowmuchfasterthannormalbecausetheenzymaticreactionsareoccurringatamuchfasterrate.

C、Thecellmembranescollapse,proteinsdenature,andthecellusuallydies.

D、Thetransportofnutrientsintothecellisslow;therefore,thecellsgrowmoreslowlythannormal

答案：【Thecellmembranescollapse,proteinsdenature,andthecellusuallydies.】8.单选题：WhichtypeofmicroorganismwouldNOTbeabletogrowunderanoxicconditions?

选项：

A、aerotolerantanaerobe

B、obligateanaerobe

C、facultativeaerobe

D、microaerophile

答案：【microaerophile】9.单选题：____andperoxidasebothdetoxifyH2O2.

选项：

A、Catalase

B、Hydroxylase

C、Oxidereductase

D、Superoxidereductase

答案：【Catalase】10.单选题：WhichofthefollowingisNOTadrawbackinusingamicroscopetocountcells?

选项：

A、Debrisinthesamplemaybemistakenformicrobialcells.

B、Motilecellsmustbeimmobilizedbeforecounting.

C、Cellsaredifficulttostain.

D、Withoutspecificstains,deadcellscannotbedistinguishedfromlivecells.

答案：【Cellsaredifficulttostain.】11.单选题：Hyperthermophilicenzymes

选项：

A、areoftenusedcommerciallyduetotheirhighstability.

B、havemoreionicbondingbetweenbasicandacidicaminoacids.

C、havehighlyhydrophobicinteriorstopreventunfolding.

D、involvealloftheabove.

答案：【involvealloftheabove.】12.单选题：WhichofthoselistedbelowisNOTclassifiedasacardinaltemperature?

选项：

A、lethaltemperature

B、maximumtemperature

C、minimumtemperature

D、optimumtemperature

答案：【lethaltemperature】13.单选题：Turbidityofaliquidcultureusedasaproxyforcellnumberismostpowerfulwhencombinedwithacarefullyconstructed

选项：

A、diffractioncoefficientrate.

B、growthcurverelatingODtocellnumber.

C、ODversustimegraph.

D、growthyieldcurve.

答案：【growthcurverelatingODtocellnumber.】14.单选题：Whyareserialdilutionsoftenperformedbeforealiquotingasampleofcellsontoplatesforcountingcolonies?

选项：

A、Whyareserialdilutionsoftenperformedbeforealiquotingasampleofcellsontoplatesforcountingcolonies?

B、Otherwisethecolonieswouldbetoonumeroustocount.

C、Thisdilutionschemedecreaseserror.

D、Bothbandcarecorrect.

答案：【Otherwisethecolonieswouldbetoonumeroustocount.】15.单选题：IfheterotrophicbacteriaweregrowninaminimalglucosemediumandtransferredduringexponentialgrowthphaseintocomplexLBmedium,thecellswouldhavearelatively

选项：

A、shortexponentialphasebecauseitalreadyisinexponentialgrowthphase.

B、highgrowthyieldcomparedtocellstransferredduringstationarygrowthphase.

C、longlagphasebecauseithastoadjusttoadifferentchemicalenvironment/medium.

D、shortlagphasebecauseoftheabundanceofavailablenutrients.

答案：【shortlagphasebecauseoftheabundanceofavailablenutrients.】16.单选题：Tospeedupthegrowthrateinachemostat,the____shouldbeincreased.Toincreasethecelldensityaswell,the______shouldbeincreased.

选项：

A、dilutionrate/dilutionrate

B、dilutionrate/limitingnutrient

C、limitingnutrient/dilutionrate

D、limitingnutrient/limitingnutrient

答案：【dilutionrate/limitingnutrient】17.单选题：Whichtypeofmicroorganismshowsevengrowththroughoutthioglycolatebroth?

选项：

A、obligateaerobe

B、facultativeaerobe

C、aerotolerantanaerobe

D、microaerophile

答案：【aerotolerantanaerobe】18.单选题：Proteinsinpsychrophiliccellsgenerallyhave______thanproteinsfoundincellsthatgrowoptimallyathighertemperatures.

选项：

A、fewerα-helicesandmoreβ-sheets

B、fewerhydrogenbonds

C、moreα-helicesandfewerβ-sheets

D、morehydrogenbonds

答案：【moreα-helicesandfewerβ-sheets】19.单选题：Maintainingaconstantcellpopulationinachemostatrequiresthemonitoringandcontrolof

选项：

A、nutrientconcentrations.

B、thedilutionrateofvolumepumpedin.

C、thepopulation'swasteproducts.

D、alloftheabove.

答案：【alloftheabove.】20.单选题：TrueorFalse:AcidophilesmaintainacytoplasmicpHbelow5.5.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】第六章微生物调控系统第六章测验1.单选题：Wheredotranscriptionalregulatorsmostcommonlybindto?

选项：

A、majorgroovesindsDNA

B、minorgroovesindsDNA

C、primarysupercoils

D、promotersequences

答案：【majorgroovesindsDNA】2.单选题：Thedifferentiatingmechanismbetweenaflagellarresponsetoachemoattractantorachemorepellentinvolvesthe______activitybeingloworhigh(respectively)on_______.

选项：

A、autophosphorylation/CheA

B、autophosphorylation/MCPs

C、demethylation/CheA

D、demethylation/MCPs

答案：【autophosphorylation/CheA】3.单选题：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofDNA-bindingproteins?

选项：

A、ManyaredimersthatcombinewithtwositesontheDNA.

B、RegulatoryproteinsoftenbindinvertedrepeatsonDNA.

C、Aleucinezipperisacommondomaintomaintainproperconformation.

D、MostbindtoDNAinanonspecificmanner.

答案：【MostbindtoDNAinanonspecificmanner.】4.单选题：WhichisNOTtrueregardingtranscriptionalcontrolsinArchaea?

选项：

A、LikeEukarya,theyuseseveraltranscriptionfactorstointeractwithRNApolymerase.

B、TheircontrolmechanismsmorecloselyresemblethoseofBacteriathanEukarya.

C、ArchaealrepressorproteinsblockthebindingofRNApolymeraseorofTBPandTFB.

D、ArchaealactivatorproteinsrecruitTBPtothepromoter.

答案：【LikeEukarya,theyuseseveraltranscriptionfactorstointeractwithRNApolymerase.】5.单选题：WhichcontrolmechanismisresponsibleforEscherichiacoliusingglucoseasacarbonsubstrateandNOTinducingotherpathways?

选项：

A、cataboliteinduction

B、cataboliterepression

C、signaltransduction

D、stringentresponse

答案：【cataboliterepression】6.单选题：InthehyperthermophilePyrococcusfuriosus,TrmBL1simultaneouslyrepressesgenesfor_____andactivatesgenesfor_____synthesis.

选项：

A、nitrogenfixation/glutamine

B、glutaminesynthesis/nitrogen

C、nitrogenassimilation/arginine

D、sugartransport/glucose

答案：【sugartransport/glucose】7.单选题：BindingofansRNAtotheRBS

选项：

A、inhibitstranslationofthemRNA.

B、stimulatestranslationofthemRNA.

C、caninhibitorstimulatetranslationofthemRNA.

D、inhibitstranscriptionofthemRNA.

答案：【caninhibitorstimulatetranslationofthemRNA.】8.单选题：Attenuationisatranscriptionalcontrolmechanismthatrelieson

选项：

A、attenuatormoleculesbindingtomRNA.

B、effectorproteinstocontrolthebindingofRNApolymerase.

C、transcriptionalfeedbackinhibition.

D、thesecondarystructureofthemRNAleader.

答案：【thesecondarystructureofthemRNAleader.】9.单选题：PathogenicbacteriasuchasE.coliO157:H7andStaphylococcusaureushaveastrongselectionpressuretorefrainfromactivatinganimmuneresponseuntiltheirnumbersaregreat._____isthusaneffectivewaythesepathogenscontrolproductionofcertainvirulencefactors.

选项：

A、Attenuation

B、Differentiation

C、Signaltransduction

D、Quorumsensing

答案：【Quorumsensing】10.单选题：AcommonmotifinproteinsthatbindDNAinBacteriaisthe

选项：

A、catalytictriad.

B、doublehelix.

C、helix-turn-helix.

D、turn-helix-turn.

答案：【helix-turn-helix.】11.单选题：Onceasignalfromtheenvironmentisdetectedbyasensorkinase,thenextsteptopassonthissignalinvolvesthesensorkinasetransferring

选项：

A、itsphosphatetoADPtoformATP.

B、itsphosphateontoanotherintracellularsignalingmolecule.

C、phosphatefromATPontoanotherintracellularsignalingmolecule.

D、phosphatefromATPontoitself.

答案：【phosphatefromATPontoitself.】12.单选题：The_____isabacterialregulatorymechanismusedtosurvivenutrient-poorconditions,antibioticexposure,andenvironmentalstresses.

选项：

A、cataboliterepression

B、heatshockresponse

C、stringentresponse

D、two-componentsystem

答案：【stringentresponse】13.单选题：_______occurswhenanexternalsignaldoesNOTdirectlyenterthecellbutinsteadisdetectedbyasensorthattransmitsittotherestoftheregulatorymachinery.

选项：

A、Quorumsensing

B、Sensorytransduction

C、Signaltransduction

D、Two-componentregulation

答案：【Signaltransduction】14.单选题：Inpositivecontrolregulation,theactivatorproteinbindstothe______sitetoinducetranscription.

选项：

A、activator-binding

B、operator

C、promoter

D、repressor

答案：【activator-binding】15.单选题：Whereasgram-negativebacteriasuchastheProteobacteriaoftenuse____asautoinducers,quorum-sensinggram-positivesmorecommonlyuse_____thatactasautoinducers.

选项：

A、acylhomoserinelactones/shortpeptides

B、acylhomoserinelactones/quinones

C、shortpeptides/acylhomoserinelactones

D、quinones/acylhomoserinelactones

答案：【acylhomoserinelactones/shortpeptides】16.单选题：TheupstreamregionofanmRNA,actingasariboswitch,bindsa(n)______andresultsintranslationalblockageofthedownstreamprotein-encodingsequence.

选项：

A、antisenseRNA

B、metabolite

C、peptide

D、RNAi

答案：【metabolite】17.单选题：InE.coli,thegenesforutilizationofmaltoseareatvariouslocationsacrossthechromosomebutareactivatedbythesamemaltoseactivatorprotein.Thisisanexampleofa(n)

选项：

A、operon.

B、regulon.

C、riboswitch.

D、two-componentregulatorysystem.

答案：【regulon.】18.单选题：WhichRNAchaperoneproteinbindstheshorttrans-sRNAsequencetoformacomplexwithitsmRNAtarget?

选项：

A、TrpC

B、Hfq

C、SgrS

D、RpoS

答案：【Hfq】19.单选题：TrueorFalse:sRNAscanonlyregulateexpressionbybindingmRNA.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】20.单选题：TrueorFalse:Inenzymeinduction,anenzymeismadeonlywhenitssubstrateisabsent.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】第十三章微生物生态系统第十三章测验1.单选题：Organismsthatdominatehydrothermalventsare

选项：

A、chemoorganotrophs.

B、photolithotrophs.

C、phototrophs.

D、chemolithotrophs.

答案：【chemolithotrophs.】2.单选题：Studiesusingfissurewaterfromgold-miningoperationsnearly3kmdeepindicatethatthebacteriapresentusewhatforenergy?

选项：

A、organiccarbon

B、sulfur

C、iron

D、H2

答案：【H2】3.单选题：Clay,sand,andsiltaredistinguishedfromoneanotherbasedontheir

选项：

A、interactionwithloam.

B、silicacontent.

C、size.

D、overallnutrientretention.

答案：【size.】4.单选题：Bacteriacolonizingnaturalorartificialsurfacesform

选项：

A、niches.

B、biofilms.

C、microenvironments.

D、guilds.

答案：【biofilms.】5.单选题：WhichlayerinasoilprofilegenerallyhastheLOWESTmicrobialactivity?

选项：

A、Ahorizon

B、Bhorizon

C、Chorizon

D、Ohorizon

答案：【Chorizon】6.单选题：Therhizosphereisthe

选项：

A、soilinterfacethatcontainsoxygen.

B、soilthatreceivessecretionsfromplantroots.

C、soilthatlacksactivebacteria.

D、topmost1mofsoil.

答案：【soilthatreceivessecretionsfromplantroots.】7.单选题：Whichofthefollowingisadifferencebetweentheprochlorophytesandthecyanobacteria?

选项：

A、Cyanobacteriahavechlorophylla.

B、Cyanobacteriaareprimaryproducers.

C、Prochlorophyteslackphycobilins.

D、Prochlorophytesarefoundinmarineenvironments.

答案：【Prochlorophyteslackphycobilins.】8.单选题：Intheocean,______arepresentinthehighestnumbers.

选项：

A、algae

B、viruses

C、Archaea

D、bacteria

答案：【viruses】9.单选题：WhatistheMOSTabundantprokaryoteintheocean?

选项：

A、Pelagibacter

B、Prochlorococcus

C、Roseobacter

D、Trichodesmium

答案：【Pelagibacter】10.单选题：Althoughcommoninthepast,todaymicrobialmatsdevelopONLYinaquaticenvironmentswhere

选项：

A、sulfidelevelsarelow.

B、thetemperatureiselevated.

C、conditionsrestrictgrazingbysmallanimalsandinsects.

D、conditionsarehypersaline.

答案：【conditionsrestrictgrazingbysmallanimalsandinsects.】11.单选题：HighorganicinputsOFTENresultina(n)

选项：

A、decreaseinoxygencontent.

B、increaseinoxygencontent.

C、decreaseinpH.

D、increaseinpH.

答案：【decreaseinoxygencontent.】12.单选题：Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutbiofilms?

选项：

A、Biofilmscanformonvirtuallyanysurface.

B、Biofilmsarefunctionalandgrowingmicrobialcommunities.

C、Biofilmstrapnutrientsandhelppreventdetachmentofcellsondynamicsurfaces.

D、Alloftheabovearetruestatements.

答案：【Alloftheabovearetruestatements.】13.单选题：DrylandmicrobialhabitatsincludeALLofthefollowingEXCEPT

选项：

A、endolithiccommunities.

B、biologicalsoilcrusts.

C、epilithiccommunities.

D、chemolithotrophicmats.

答案：【chemolithotrophicmats.】14.单选题：Thebiochemicaloxygendemand(BOD)measures

选项：

A、autotrophsinthewater.

B、theamountoforganicmaterialinthewater.

C、primaryproducers.

D、alloftheabove.

答案：【theamountoforganicmaterialinthewater.】15.单选题：AgriculturalrunoffintoalakeOFTENinduces

选项：

A、growthofoligotrophicbacteria.

B、mixingofthephoticlayer.

C、releaseofstoredbicarbonate.

D、suddenincreasesincyanobacteria.

答案：【suddenincreasesincyanobacteria.】16.单选题：Microbesthatdominateenvironmentswhereorganicmatterissparsearecalledwhat?

选项：

A、oligotrophs

B、chemolithotrophs

C、autotrophs

D、hypoorganotrophs

答案：【oligotrophs】17.单选题：Whatisamajordifferencebetweencellsinabiofilmandplanktoniccells?

选项：

A、Cellsinabiofilmhaveagreatertoleranceforantimicrobials.

B、Cellsinabiofilmareanaerobes,whereasplanktoniccellsareaerobes.

C、Cellsinabiofilmarenonpathogenic.

D、Cellsinabiofilmaredormant,whereasplanktoniccellsareactiveandmotile.

答案：【Cellsinabiofilmhaveagreatertoleranceforantimicrobials.】18.单选题：WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhygrowthratesinnatureareslowerthanthoseinthelab?

选项：

A、Microbesinnaturegrowinmixedpopulations.

B、Nutrienttransportratesareslowerintheenvironment.

C、Distributionofnutrientsthroughouthabitatisnotuniform.

D、Resourcesarefrequentlysuboptimal

答案：【Nutrienttransportratesareslowerintheenvironment.】19.单选题：Organismsinthedeepseamusttolerate

选项：

A、lowtemperaturesandhighnutrientlevels.

B、lowtemperaturesandmoderatenutrientlevels.

C、moderatetemperaturesandlownutrientlevels.

D、lowtemperaturesandlownutrientlevels.

答案：【lowtemperaturesandlownutrientlevels.】20.单选题：TrueorFalse:Thefollowinglistisinincreasingorderofcomplexity:cell,community,guild,population,andecosystem.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】第七章微生物生长的分子生物学第七章测验1.单选题：Polymyxinstarget______andthusareeffectiveagainst_____bacteria.

选项：

A、LPS/gram-negative

B、LPS/gram-positive

C、peptideinterbridges/gram-negative

D、peptideinterbridges/gram-positive

答案：【LPS/gram-negative】2.单选题：Toinitiatedivisionofbacillus-shapedcells,the_____ringformsinthecenter,whichdefinesthecelldivisionplane.

选项：

A、FtsZ

B、MinE

C、MreB

D、ZipA

答案：【FtsZ】3.单选题：Alowintracellularconcentrationoffixednitrogen(andhighlevelofα-ketoglutarate)inAnabaenaactivatestheNtcAglobalregulator,whichultimatelycontrolstheactivityof______and_____.

选项：

A、nitrogenfixation/heterocystformation

B、photosynthesis/endosporeformation

C、nitrogenfixation/endosporeformation

D、photosynthesis/heterocystformation

答案：【nitrogenfixation/heterocystformation】4.单选题：Caulobacterproducefree-swimming_____cellsfordispersalthatmustdifferentiateinto____cellsforreproduction.

选项：

A、stalked/swarmer

B、peritrichous/planktonic

C、swarmer/stalked

D、persister/dormant

答案：【swarmer/stalked】5.单选题：InBacillussubtilis,_____controlsexpressionofseveralsporulationgenes;sporulationoccurswhenitishighlyphosphorylated.

选项：

A、CtrA

B、Spo0A

C、NtcA

D、GFP

答案：【Spo0A】6.单选题：_____areusedtomonitorgeneexpressionandvisualizeproteinlocalizationwithinacell.

选项：

A、HemimethylatedDNA

B、Ftsproteins

C、Reportergenes

D、Transpeptidation

答案：【Reportergenes】7.单选题：Duringcelldivisionofcoccus-shapedcells,peptidoglycanbiosynthesisoccurs_____,andinbacillus-shapedcells,itoccurs____.

选项：

A、inthegrowingcenter/inthestretchingtermini

B、inthegrowingcenter/throughoutthecellwalls

C、throughoutthecellwalls/inthegrowingcenter

D、throughoutthecellwalls/throughoutthecellwalls

答案：【inthegrowingcenter/throughoutthecellwalls】8.单选题：WhichofthefollowingantibioticsdoesNOTtargetpeptidoglycansynthesis?

选项：

A、bacitracin

B、penicillin

C、vancomycin

D、streptomycin

答案：【streptomycin】9.单选题：Disruptingthefunctionof_____wouldkillthegrowingbacterialcellsandcouldprovidetargetsforantimicrobialdrugstobind.

选项：

A、FtsZsplicing

B、MreB

C、multipleDNAforkassembly

D、transpeptidation

答案：【transpeptidation】10.单选题：WhichofthoselistedbelowisNOTamajortargetforantibiotics?

选项：

A、proteinsynthesis

B、peptidoglycansynthesis

C、cytoskeletonsynthesis

D、nucleicacidsynthesis

答案：【cytoskeletonsynthesis】11.单选题：Thefourstagesofbiofilmformationare

选项：

A、attachment,colonization,development,anddispersal.

B、adherence,biosynthesis,maturation,andrelease.

C、attachment,biosynthesis,maturation,anddispersal.

D、adherence,infection,development,andactivity.

答案：【attachment,colonization,development,anddispersal.】12.单选题：Toallowcellwallextensionwithnewpeptidoglycanduringcelldivision,preexistingpeptidoglycanisseveredusing_____tocleavetheβ-1,4glycosidicbonds.

选项：

A、autolysins

B、crescentins

C、transglycosylases

D、bothautolysinsandtransglycosylases

答案：【autolysins】13.单选题：BacterialackingthegenethatencodesfortheMreBproteinare_____-shaped.

选项：

A、coccoid

B、bacillus

C、spirillum

D、vibrio

答案：【coccoid】14.单选题：WhichantibioticinhibitstranscriptionbyblockingtheactivesiteofRNApolymerase?

选项：

A、streptomycin

B、cephalosporin

C、ciprofloxacin

D、rifampin

答案：【rifampin】15.单选题：WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTfacilitatebiofilmformation?

选项：

A、accumulationofc-di-GMPinPseudomonasaeruginosa

B、highcelldensitydetectedbyquorumsensinginPseudomonasaeruginosa

C、accumulationofc-di-GMPinVibriocholerae

D、highcelldensitydetectedbyquorumsensinginVibriocholerae

答案：【highcelldensitydetectedbyquorumsensinginVibriocholerae】16.单选题：TheParsystem

选项：

A、segregatesfullyreplicatedchromosomes.

B、anchorschromosomesbyPopZinteractingwithParBboundtoparS.

C、facilitatesMukBEFrecruitmentofatopoisomerasetoseparatesisterchromosomes(decatenation).

D、isfoundinallgram-negativeBacteria.

答案：【anchorschromosomesbyPopZinteractingwithParBboundtoparS.】17.单选题：?WhichisNOTtrueregardingreplicationofEscherichiacoli?

选项：

A、Whengrowingoptimally,agenerationtimeof20minutescanbeachieved.

B、Ittakes40minutestoreplicatethechromosome.

C、Multiplereplicationforksallowforgrowthfasterthanthegenomereplicationtime.

D、Unidirectionalreplicationofthechromosomeoccurstoallowrapidgrowth

答案：【Unidirectionalreplicationofthechromosomeoccurstoallowrapidgrowth】18.单选题：_____ispreventedfromreinitiatingchromosomereplicationby______,whichstronglybindshemimethylatedoriC.

选项：

A、SeqA/DnaA-ATP

B、HdaA/MinD

C、DnaA-ATP/SeqA

D、GATC/HdaA

答案：【DnaA-ATP/SeqA】19.单选题：_____canshowmoleculareventsoccurringduringthecellcycle,allowingquantificationofsinglemolecules.

选项：

A、Fluorescencemicroscopy

B、Phase-contrastmicroscopy

C、Transmissionelectronmicroscopy

D、Superresolutiontechniques

答案：【Superresolutiontechniques】20.单选题：TrueorFalse:Persistencecanbeinheritedandgainedbygenetictransfer.

选项：

A、正确

B、错误

答案：【错误】第三章微生物代谢第三章测验1.单选题：Non-nitrogen-fixingbacteriabringinammoniaanduseitforanabolicpathwaysbyincorporatingitinto

选项：

A、glutamate.

B、glutamine.

C、oxaloacetate.

D、bothglutamateandglutamine.

答案：【bothglutamateandglutamine.】2.单选题：Gluconeogenesisisprimarilyusedforbiosynthesisof

选项：

A、cellwalls.

B、fattyacids.

C、purinesandpyrimidines.

D、proteins.

答案：【cellwalls.】3.单选题：Fattyacidsarebiosynthesizedusing______carbonmoleculesalongwiththehelpof______.

选项：

A、two/acylcarrierproteins

B、two/lipidsynthase

C、four/acylcarrierproteins

D、four/lipidsynthase

答案：【two/acylcarrierproteins】4.单选题：Inorganismsgrowingbyrespiration,NADHandFADH2producedduringglycolysisandtheCACarereoxidizedby

选项：

A、fermentationofpyruvate.

B、theelectrontransportchain.

C、fermentationofcitricacid.

D、gluconeogenesis.

答案：【theelectrontransportchain.】5.单选题：Duringrespiration,glucoseisconvertedintopyruvatethroughFillintheblank,andpyruvateisoxidizedintoCO2throughFillintheblank.

选项：

A、glycolysis/fermentation

B、thecitricacidcycle(CAC)/glycolysis

C、glycolysis/thecitricacidcycle(CAC)

D、thecitricacidcycle(CAC)/theglyoxylatecycle

答案：【glycolysis/thecitricacidcycle(CAC)】6.单选题：IftheΔG0′ofareactionispositive,thatmeansthatenergyis______andthereactionis________.

选项：

A、released/endergonic

B、required/endergonic

C、released/exergonic

D、required/exergonic

答案：【required/endergonic】7.单选题：Whichof