2016年中国传媒大学考博英语真题

2016年中国传媒大学考博英语真题一、Vocabulary1.Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivestudentsquickandeasy________tothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.

A.acquaintance

B.accuracy

C.access

√

D.acquisition句意：这个系统设计的目的是让学生快捷方便地使用图书馆的数字资源。access进入，使用。acquaintance了解；认识的人。accuracy精确。acquisition收购，购买。2.Whenhewasonly10metersawayfromthefinishingline,theAfricanrunnersuddenly________passingbytheotherrunners.

A.attempted

B.approached

C.accelerated

√

D.accessed句意：在离终点仅剩10米时，这名来自非洲的选手突然加速超过了其他人。accelerate加快，加速。attempt试图，尝试。approach靠近；处理。access访问，存取（计算机文件）；使用。3.Itissuggestedthatallgovernmentministersshould________informationontheirfinancialinterests.

A.discover

B.uncover

C.tell

D.disclose

√句意：有人建议，所有政府部长都应该将其财政信息公开。disclose揭露，泄露，使公开。discover发现（以前不知道的事实）。uncover揭露，发现（隐秘之事）。tell告诉；区分；表明。4.Mysupplyofconfidenceslowly________asthedeadlineapproached.

A.abolished

B.eliminated

C.diminished

√

D.exterminated句意：当最终期限接近时，我的信心慢慢减少。C项diminished“减少”符合题意。abolish废除。eliminate排除，剔除。exterminate消灭，根除。

5.BydrinkingtoomuchCoke,herteethwereruinedandshehadtowearasetof________teethatthirty.

A.supernatural

B.superficial

C.artificial

√

D.superstitious句意：喝了太多的可乐，她的牙齿都坏了，因此她在30岁就不得不戴上一副假牙。artificial人工的，artificialteeth假牙。supernatural超自然的。superficial肤浅的。superstitious迷信的。6.Afterreceivingthenews,immediate________wastakenbythelocalgovernmenttostopthediseasespreading.

A.activity

B.adventure

C.action

√

D.measure句意：在接到消息后，当地政府立即采取行动，阻止疾病蔓延。takeaction意为“采取行动”，此题使用了其被动语态，故选C。measure在表示措施时，为可数名词，要用复数形式，应该为takemeasures“采取措施”。activity活动。takeanadventure冒险。7.Itis________

thatwomenshouldbepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamekindofwork.

A.allergic

B.amateur

C.annual

D.absurd

√句意：在做同样的工作时，女性的薪水比男性要低，这是很荒谬的。absurd荒唐的，荒谬的。allergic过敏的。amateur业余爱好者；业余的。annual每年的。8.Successfulpeoplealwaysmake________preparationsforanypotentialsetbacks.

A.adequate

√

B.urgent

C.abrupt

D.final句意：成功人士总是为任何潜在的挫折做好充分的准备。adequate充足的。urgent紧急的。abrupt突然的。final最后的。

9.The________totheCollinsfortunewillbeamillionairewhenMr.Collinsdies.

A.winner

B.heir

√

C.descendant

D.peer句意：柯林斯先生去世后，柯林斯先生的继承人将成为百万富翁。heir继承人。winner获胜的人。descendant后代，后裔。peer同辈，伙伴。

10.ProfessorSmithandBrownwill________ingivingtheclasslectures.

A.differ

B.alternate

√

C.change

D.alter句意：史密斯教授和布朗教授将轮流在课堂上讲课。alternate轮流，交替发生或出现。change变化，改变。alter改变，更改。

11.Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk________far.

A./

B.such

C.that

√

D.as句意：我的女儿今天走了8英里。我们从来没有想到她能够走那么远。本句中的that就相当于so，修饰副词far，意为“那么，如此”，故C正确。such后面要接名词或者名词短语。as的语义不符。12.Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir________.

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

√句意：小偷们四处逃窜，当地警察紧追其后。on／atone’sheels为固定短语，意思为“紧跟在后面，紧随其后”。13.Thetoneofthearticles________thewriter’smoodatthetime.

A.reproduced

B.reflected

√

C.imagined

D.imitated句意：这篇文章的语调反映了作者当时的心态。reflect反映。reproduce复制；繁殖。imagine想象。imitate模仿。

14.Thepolicehaveofferedalarge________forinformationleadingtotherobber’sarrest.

A.award

B.compensation

C.prize

D.reward

√句意：警方发出高额悬赏，来寻找能抓住这名抢劫犯的相关信息。reward“报答，奖赏”，多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答，符合题意。award“奖品”，因为优点奖励或授予的奖。compensation补偿，赔偿。prize“奖赏”，指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢的奖。15.Manyanimalshave________thathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Thecoatsofsomeanimalsarecoloredtoadapttoitssurroundings.

A.adaptations

√

B.acquisitions

C.adjustments

D.additions句意：很多动物具有适应性，这有助于它们逃避它们的天敌。一些动物的毛皮为了适应周围环境而进行变色。adaptation适应。acquisition收购，并购。adjustment调整；校正。addition增加物。16.Thecriminalhadplannedtoescapefromtheprison,buthisattemptprovedtobean________.

A.abortion

√

B.accident

C.adjustments

D.additions句意：这个罪犯曾打算越狱，但他的企图没能得逞。abortion堕胎；（计划、工程等的）中途失败，中止。accident事故；意外。adjustment调整；校正。addition增加物。17.Themultinationalcorporationwasmakingatake-over________forapropertycompany.

A.application

B.bid

√

C.proposal

D.suggestion句意：这家跨国公司正在为收购一家房地产公司而竞标。bid指“出价，投标”，短语makeabidfor表示“出价竞买，投标争取”，符合题意。application申请；应用。proposal建议，提议。suggestion建议，意见。18.Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,________trafficdelays.

A.acknowledging

B.affording

C.allowingfor

√

D.accountingfor句意：考虑到交通拥堵，我们到火车站可能需要用20分钟。allowfor考虑到，顾及。acknowledge承认。afford支付得起。accountfor对……负有责任；说明。

19.Itwasfoundthatjobapplicantswhomakemoreeyecontactare________asmorealert,dependable,confidentandresponsible.

A.referred

B.perceived

√

C.recommended

D.presumed句意：研究发现，多用目光进行交流的求职者可给人以更为机警、可靠、自信、负责的印象。perceive认为，感知到。presume假定；推测。refer参考，涉及。recommend推荐。20.Asyouareplanningforavacation,Isuggestyougotoatravelagencyandaskforaholiday________.

A.introduction

B.advertisement

C.book

D.brochure

√句意：当你准备度假的时候，我建议你去旅行社要一本旅游手册。brochure小册子，travel/holidaybrochure旅行手册。introduction导言，绪论。advertisement广告。book书。二、ReadingComprehensionPassageOne:Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenGinaGarroandBrianDupliseaadopted4-month-oldAndresfromColombialastmonth,theyweredeterminedtotaketimeofffromworktocareforhim.ThoughGarro's$40,000salarywillcovertheirmortgage,thecouplewillhavetofreezetheirretirementaccounts,andpraythatnothinggoeswrongwiththecar.“Ittakesawayfromyourcushionandyoursecurity,”saysGarro.“Thingswillbetight.”The1993FamilyandMedicalLeaveActwassupposedtohelpfamilieslikeGarro's,offeringasafetynettoemployeeswhowanttotaketimeofftonurturenewborns,tendtotheirownmajorillnessesorcareforsickrelatives.Butwhilethelawguaranteesthatworkerswon'tlosetheirjobs,itdoesn'tcovertheirpaychecks.Onesurveylastyearshowedthatwhile24millionAmericanshadtakenleavessince1999,2.7millionmorewantedto,butcouldn'taffordit.Thatmaychangesoon.Inresponsetoincreasingdemandsfromvoters,atleast25statesarenowexploringnewwaystoofferpaidleave.Onepossibility:tappingstatedisabilityfunds.Ahandfulofstates—NewYork,NewJersey,California,RhodeIslandandHawaii—alreadydipintodisabilitymoneytoofferpartialpayforwomenonmaternityleave.Butthatdoesn'thelpdadsorpeoplecaringforelderlyparents.NewJerseyandNewYorkmaysoonexpanddisabilityprogramstocoverleaveforfathersandothercaretakers.Thirteenstates,includingArizona,IllinoisandFlorida,haveproposedusingunemploymentfundstopayforleave.Massachusettshasbeenespeciallycreative.Whenthestate'sactinggovernor,JaneSwift,gavebirthtotwindaughtersinMay,shedrewattentiontotheissuewithherown“workingmaternityleave”:shetelecommutedpart-timebutearnedherusualfull-timesalary.EvenbeforeSwiftreturnedtoworklastweek,thestateSenateunanimouslypassedapilotplanthatwouldusesurplusfundsfromahealthinsuranceprogramfortheunemployedtogivenewparents12weeksoffathalfpay.Anotherplan,proposedintheHouse,wouldrequireemployerstokickin$20perworkertosetupa“NewFamiliesTrustFund”.Businesseswouldgettaxcreditsinreturn.ThisweekSwiftisexpectedtoannounceherownpaid-leaveplanforlower-incomemothersandfathers.Pollsshowwidespreadpublicsupport—anotherreasonSwiftandotherpoliticiansacrossthecountryhaveembracedtheissue.Still,noteveryone'swildabouttheidea.Peoplewithoutchildrenquestionwhynewparents—thefirstgrouptogetpaidleaveundermanyoftheproposedplans—shouldgetmoregovernmentperksthantheydo.Businessgroupsareresistanttoproposalsthatwouldraidunemploymentfunds;severalhavealreadyfiledsuittoblockthem.Astheeconomyslows,manycompaniessaytheycan'taffordtocontributetoproposednewbenefitfundseither.Businesslobbyistssaytoomanyemployeesalreadyabuseexistingfederalfamily-leavelawsbytakingtimeofffordubiousreasonsorintinytimeincrements.Theproposedlaws,theysay,wouldonlymakemattersworse.ForGarroandDuplisea,though,thenewlawscouldmakeallthedifference.AsMelinafixesapeanut-butter-and-jellysandwich,DupliseahugsasnoozingAndresagainsthisTshirt.“We'retryingtodotherightthingbytwokids,andwehavetosacrifice,”Dupliseasays.InMassachusettsandplentyofotherstates,helpmaybeontheway.（1）.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthat________.

A.GarroandDupliseausedtoliveacomfortableandeasylife

B.Duplisea’sbossissoconsiderateastoallowhimtokeephisjob

C.Garrocanearnmoremoneysosheshouldgobacktowork

D.thecouplehavemadealotofsacrificestotakecareoftheirchildren

√第一段提到，为了照顾两个孩子，这一对夫妇俩做出了许多选择。这些选择大都意味着做出一定牺牲，比如请假在家照顾孩子，收入减少，冻结养老金账户，减少孩子课外活动开支等。（2）.WhenGarrosays“Ittakesawayfromyourcushionandyoursecurity”,shemeans________.

A.itexhaustsherfamilysavings

B.itplungesherfamilyintofinancialtrouble

√

C.itdeprivesherchildrenofhealthinsurance

D.itmakesherfeelinsecure从第一段列举的事实来看，加罗?妇不得不冻结养老金账号，减少梅丽娜的课后活动开支，还要祷告汽车别出问题。可见，请假照顾孩子给他们带来了严重的经济问题。故B项正确。（3）.IfGarrolivesinMassachusetts,shewill________.

A.have12weeksoffathalfpay

√

B.telecommutepart-timebutearnfull-timesalary

C.leaveherjobwithoutpaytotakecareofherkids

D.get$20fromheremployerforherleave第三段中，马萨诸塞州最近通过的一项议案中提到“givenewparents12weeksoffathalfpay”，A项与之相符。（4）.Theword“perk”（Line2,Para.4）mostprobablymeans________.

A.grant

√

B.policy

C.encouragement

D.reward从第二和第三段的内容来看，各州政府试图动用各种基金对请假照料新生婴儿的父母进行经济上的帮助，因此A项在意义上最符合。（5）.Theauthor’sattitudetowardspaidleaveseemstobethatof________.

A.opposition

B.suspicion

C.approval

√

D.indifference本文重点说明了停薪请假人所面临的经济困难，以及各州的解决方案。并在最后一段说明带薪请假政策可能带来的积极变化。从材料的选择来看，作者对于带薪请假政策持积极的态度，所以答案C正确。PassageTwo:Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhentheAmericanpsychologistWayneOatesdiedin1999,TheNewYorkTimesbeganhisobituarybynotingtwofacts.First,themanhadauthoredanastonishing57books.Second—andpresumablynotcoincidentally—hehadinventedthewordworkaholic.Oatescoinedthenow-ubiquitoustermina1968essay,inwhichheconfessedthathisownaddictiontoindustriousnesshadbeenadisorderakintosubstanceabuse.Ofcourse,heacknowledged,workaholismismuchmoresociallyrespectablethandrinkingafifthaday—morethesortofpersonalitytraitthatmighthelpsomeone,say,earnanobitinthepaperofrecord.What,precisely,qualifiessomeoneasaworkaholic?There’sstillnosingleacceptedmedicaldefinition.Butpsychologistshavetriedtodistinguishpeoplemerelydevotedtotheircareersfromthetrueaddicts.Aseminal1992paperonhowtomeasuretheconditionarguedthatsufferersworknotonlycompulsivelybutalsowithlittleenjoyment.Newerdiagnostictestsattempttosingleoutthosewho,amongotherbehaviors,bingeandthensufferfromwithdrawal—justassomeonewouldwith,say,agamblingorcocainehabit.Evenasthepreciseoutlinesofworkaholismremainabitfuzzy,variousstudieshavetriedtoidentifyitsphysicalandemotionaleffects.AttheriskofcarryingonlikeaPfizerad:researchhasassociateditwithsleepproblems,weightgain,highbloodpressure,anxiety,anddepression.That’stosaynothingofitstollonfamilymembers.Perhapsunsurprisingly,spousesofworkaholicstendtoreportunhappinesswiththeirmarriages.Havingaworkaholicparentishardlybetter.Astudyofcollegeundergraduatesfoundthatchildrenofworkaholicsscored72percenthigheronmeasuresofdepressionthanchildrenofalcoholics.Theyalsoexhibitedmore-severelevelsof“parentification”—atermfamilytherapistsuseforsonsanddaughterswho,asthepaperputit,“areparentstotheirownparentsandsacrificetheirownneeds…toaccommodateandcarefortheemotionalneedsandpursuitsofparentsoranotherfamilymember”.Howmanypeoplearetrueworkaholics?Onerecentestimatesuggeststhatabout10percentofU.S.adultsmightqualify;theproportionisashighas23percentamonglawyers,doctors,andpsychologists.Stillmorepeoplemaybeinclinedtocallthemselvesworkaholics,whetherornottheyactuallyare:in1998,27percentofCanadianstoldthecountry’sGeneralSocialSurveythattheywereworkaholics,including38percentofthosewithincomesover$80,000.（Evenamongthosewithnoincome,22percentcalledthemselvesworkaholics!Presumablysomewerebusyhomemakersandstudents.）Theconditionmaywellhaveacertainsocialcachet;asthepsychologistBryanRobinsononceputit,workaddictionmightbe“thebest-dressedmentalhealthproblem”ofthemall.Inoneoftherareeconomicstudiesonthesubject,researchersfoundthattheeducatedandaffluentweremuchmorelikelythanlower-incomeAmericanstoputoffretirement,apossiblesignofworkaholisminaction.Suchdelayedretirementcertainlygivesnewmeaningtothephraseworkedtodeath.Forwhatit’sworth,theconceptwouldnotraisemanyeyebrowsinJapan,wheregruelingjobhourshavelongbeenanorm,andthere’sawordfordeathbyoverwork—karoshi.Thecountry’scourtshaveevenrecognizeditasabasisforwrongful-deathsuits.（1）.AllofthefollowingstatementsaboutWayneOatesaretrueEXCEPTthat________.

A.hethoughtworkaholismwasnotsociallyrespectable

√

B.hehadwritten57books

C.hebroughtthetermworkaholictotheworld

D.headmittedhisownadditiontowork第一段中最后一句中提到，他承认工作狂比酗酒的人更受社会尊重，而A项中的表述是他认为工作狂不受社会尊重，因此，选择A项。此外，第一段中提到的，Oates写了57本书，他在1968年的一篇文章发明了工作狂，以及他对于工业的依赖，表明B、C、D项的错误。（2）.Whatisthedefinitionofworkaholicsgivenbytheseminal1992paper?

A.Thosewhoworkwillinglyandhappily.

B.Thosewhoworkhardandhappily.

C.Thosewhoworkunwillinglyandunhappily.

√

D.Thosewhoworkhardandunhappily.第二段中，“arguedthatsufferersworknotonlycompulsivelybutalsowithlittleenjoyment”表明工作狂是不仅是被强制的，而且并没有乐趣，因此C项unwillingly和unhappily符合题意，选C项。（3）.WhichofthefollowingresultisNOTrelatedtoworkaholism?

A.Sleepdisorder.

B.Weightloss.

√

C.Depressionandanxiety.

D.Unhappymarriages.第三段中提到，沉迷工作和睡眠问题、体重增加、高血压、焦虑和抑郁有关（associateditwithsleepproblems,weightgain,highbloodpressure,anxiety,anddepression），而B选项中的表述是体重减少，因此选择B项。（4）.Whatcanbeimpliedfrom“whetherornottheyactuallyare”inthefourthparagraph?

A.Nobodyishardworkingatall.

B.Somepeoplearenotashardworkingasothersthink.

√

C.Allthepeoplearenotashardworkingasothersthink.

D.Somepeopleprefertoberegardedashardworking.倒数第二段中提到，有更多的人倾向于宣称自己是工作狂，不管他们到底是不是。结合本段最后一句，即使在没有收入的人群中，还有22%自称是工作狂，说明这些人实际上并没有他们自己所认为的那么努力工作。因此，选B项。（5）.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Thereasonswhypeoplebecomeworkaholics.

B.Thedefinitionandharmofworkaholism.

√

C.Thecountriesthathavethemostworkaholics.

D.Themethodsofnotbeingaworkaholic.文章第一段主要讲了“工作狂”这个术语的提出，第二段描述了其定义，第三段阐述了其危害，最后两段讲述了工作狂的具体表现，分布人群等，综合来看，全文的要旨是工作狂的定义和危害。因此，选B项。PassageThree:Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.Iknownowthatthemanwhosatwithmeontheoldwoodenstairsthathotsummernightoverthirty-fiveyearsagowasnotatallman.Buttoafive-year-old,hewasagiant.Wesatsidebyside,watchingthesungodownbehindtheoldTexacoservicestationacrossthebusystreet,astreetthatIwasneverallowedtocrossunlessaccompaniedbyanadult,orattheveryleast,anoldersibling.Cherry-scentedsmokefromGrandpa’spipekeptthehungrymosquitoesatbaywhilegray,wispyswirlsdancedaroundourheads.Nowandagain,heblewasmokeringandlaughedasIfriedtotargettheholewithrayfinger.I,cladinacoolsummernight,andGrandpa,hissleevelessT-shirt,satwatchingthetraffic.Wecountedcarsandtriedtoguessthecolorofthenextonetoturnthecorner.Onceagain,Iwascaughtinthemiddleofcircumstances.Thefourthbornofsixchildren,itwasnotuncommonthatIwaseithertooyoungortoooldforsomething.ThisnightIwasboth.Whilemytwobabybrotherssleptinsidethehouse,mythreeoldersiblingsplayedwithfriendsaroundthecomer,whereIwasnotallowedtogo.IstayedwithGrandpa,andthatwasokaywithme.IwaswhereIwantedtobe.Mygrandfatherwasbabysittingwhilemymother,fatherandgrandmotherwentout.“Thirsty?”Grandpaasked,neverremovingthepipefromhismouth.“Yes,”wasmyreply.“HowwouldyouliketorunovertothegasstationthereandgetyourselfabottleofCoke?”Icouldn’tbelievemyears.HadIhearditright?Washetalkingtome?Onmyfamily’smodestincome,Cokewasnotapartofourbudgetordiet.AfewtantalizingsipswasallIhadeverhad,andcertainlynevermyownbottle.“Okay,”Irepliedshyly,alreadywonderinghowIwouldgetacrossthestreet.SurelyGrandpawasgoingtocomewithme.Grandpastretchedhislonglegoutstraightandreachedhishugehanddeepintothepocket.Icouldhearthefamiliarjanglingoftheloosechangehealwayscarded.Openinghisfist,heexposedamoundofsilvercoins.Theremusthavebeenamilliondollarsthere,Heinstructedmetopickoutadime.Afterhedepositedtherestofthechangebackintohispocket,hestoodup.“Okay,”hesaid,helpingmedownthestairsandtothecurb,“I’mgoingtostayhereandkeepanearoutforthebabies.I’lltellyouwhenit’ssafetocross.YougoovertotheCokemachine,getyourCokeandcomebackout.Waitformetotellyouwhenit’ssafetocrossback.”Myheartpounded.Iclutchedmydimetightlyinmysweatypalm.Excitementtookmybreathaway.Grandpaheldmyhandtightly.Togetherwelookedupthestreetanddown,andbackupagain.Hesteppedoffthecurbandtoldmeitwassafetocross.HeletgoofmyhandandIran.IranfasterthanIhadeverrunbefore.Thestreetseemedwide.IwonderedifIwouldmakeittotheotherside.Reachingtheotherside,IturnedtofindGrandpa.Therehewas,standingexactlywhereIhadlefthim,smilingproudly.Iwaved.“Goon,hurryup,”heyelled.MyheartpoundedwildlyasIwalkedinsidethedarkgarage.Ihadbeeninsidethegaragebeforewithmyfather.Mysurroundingswerefamiliar.IheardtheCoca-ColamachinemotorhummingevenbeforeIsawit.Iwalkeddirectlytothebigoldred-and-whitedispenser.Iknewwheretoinsertmydime.Ihadseenitdonebeforeandhadfantasizedaboutthismomentmanytimes.Thebigoldmonstergreedilyacceptedmydime,andIheardthebottlesshift.OntiptoesIreachedupandopenedtheheavydoor.Theretheywere:oneneatrowofthickgreenbottles,necksstaringdirectlyatme,andicecoldfromtherefrigeration.Iheldthedooropenwithmyshoulderandgrabbedone.Withaquickyank,Ipulleditfreefromitsbondage.Anotheroneimmediatelytookitsplace.Thebottlewascoldinmysweatyhands.Iwillneverforgetthefeelingofthecoolglassonmyakinwithtwohands,Ipositionedthebottleneckundertheheavybrassopenerthatwasboltedtothewall.Thecapdroppedintoanoldwoodenbox,andIreachedintoretrieveit.Iwascoldandbentinthemiddle,butIknewIneededtohavethissouvenir.Cokeinhand,Iproudlymarchedbackoutintotheearlyeveningdusk.Grandpawaswaitingpatiently.Hesmiled.“Stoprightthere,”heyelled.Oneortwocarsspedbyme,andonceagain,Grandpasteppedoffthecurb.“Comeon,now,”hesaid,“run.”Idid.Coolbrownfoamsprayedmyhands.“Don’teverdothatalone,”hewarned.IheldtheCokebottletightly;fearfulhewouldmakemepouritintoacup,ruiningthisdreamcometrue.Hedidn’t.Onelongswallowofthecoldbeveragecooledmysweatingbody.Idon’tthinkIeverfeltsoproud.（1）.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,wecaninferthat________.

A.theauthorwouldpreferplayingwithhisthreeoldersiblingstostayingwithhisgrandpa

B.theywerelivinginthesuburbswheretherewerenottoomuchtrafficontheroad

C.thegrandpawasalwaystheonetobabysitfortheauthorandhissiblings

D.theauthorenjoyedthetimethathespentwithhisgrandpa

√第三段提到，“我”因为没被允许与三个哥哥姐姐一起玩，于是与爷爷待在一起。倒数第三句中的okay和倒数第二句所说的IwaswhereIwantedtobe都表明“我”愿意与爷爷一起，故D项正确。（2）.Bysaying“Iwascaughtinthemiddleofcircumstances”inthethirdparagraph,theauthormeans________.

A.hewasfacingadilemmaanddidnotknowwhatdecisiontomake

B.hewascaughtwhenhewasdoingsomethingthathewasnotsupposedtodo

C.hewaseithertooyoungortoooldforsomethingasthefourthbornofsixchildren

√

D.hewasdoingsomethingthatrequiredhimtoconsiderdifferentcircumstances第三段提到，“我”在家里六个孩子中排第四，做事情总是在一个要么年纪太小，要么太大的尴尬处境中（Iwaseithertooyoungortoooldforsomething），因此，C项正确。（3）.Theauthor’sgrandpawasdescribedasbeingallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

A.considerate

B.stingy

√

C.careful

D.kind第七段提到，“我”家里条件并不富裕（Onmyfamily’smodestincome），但爷爷还是给“我”买可乐喝。显然，爷爷并不吝啬，因此应选B，stingy，意为“吝啬的”。从文章可以看出considerate“体贴的”，careful“细心的”，kind“和蔼的”，都符合对爷爷的描述。（4）.FromthepassagewecaninferthattherelationshipbetweentheauthorandhisGrandpawas________.

A.close

√

B.remote

C.tease

D.impossibletotell从文中的描述可以看出，作者喜欢和他爷爷待在一起，而且从爷爷对作者的关爱也可以看出，两人的关系是很亲密的，因此应选A。close紧密的。remote疏远的。tease取笑。（5）.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?

A.Itwasthefirsttimethattheauthorcrossedthestreetbyhimself.

B.Itwasthefirsttimethattheauthorwentinthatgarag正确答案:E

C.TheauthorboughttheCoca-Colafromavendingmachine.

D.Theauthor’sgrandpakeptaneyeonhimthewholetime.倒数第三段中提及，作者跟父亲之前一起去过那个车库（Ihadbeeninsidethegaragebeforewithmyfather），因此B项与原文不符，故选B项。PassageFour:Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and2008,staffandteachersatU.S.publicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests.Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreasedadministrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichardArumandJosipaRoksa’srecentbookAcademicallyAdriftLimitedLearningonCollegeCampuses.Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdon’thavetheskillstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwritingskillsarelacking.Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainoftheskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.Infact,untilthattime,publicschoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthanprivateones.Itwastheunderperformingstudentswhowerethrewoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.Havingsuchalargesupplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.Women’sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.Alsoaroundthattime,regulations,government,andunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments,andintroducebureaucratic（官僚的）standardforadjustment.Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,confusingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucratsregularlyrewritecurriculums,talknonsenseaboutthetheoriesofeducation,andrequireevermoreadministrators.Theendresulthadbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducation—asalltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.（1）.WhatdowelearnfromvariousstudiesonAmerica’spubliceducation?

A.Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.

B.Publicschoolslacktheresourcestocompetewithprivateschools.

C.Littleimprovementineducationhasresultedfromincreasedspendin正确答案:G

D.Thenumberofstudentshasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofteachers.根据第一段第一句“Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning”可知，各种各样的研究表明，对于教育越来越多的花费并不能带来可观的学习成绩提高。C项符合此意，因此选C项。（2）.Howdosomepeopleexplainthedeclineinpubliceducation?

A.Governmentinvestmentdoesnotmeetschool’sneeds.

B.Skilledstudentsaremovingforprivateschools.

√

C.Qualifiedteachersarefarfromadequatelypaid.

D.Trainingofstudents’basicskillsisneglected.第四段中提到，一些人简单地将公共教育系统的衰落归因于“thedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools”，即高技能的学生都流向了私立学校。因此，选B项。（3）.Whatwassignificantcontributiontothepastgloryofpublicschools?

A.Well-behavedstudents.

B.Efficientadministration.

C.Talentedwomenteachers.

√

D.Generouspayforteachers.倒数第三段第一句提到，当初公立学校成绩斐然的一个重要原因是许多非常优秀的女性可选择的职业很少，只有教师和护士两种。talented对应文中的highlyqualified，因此，选择C项。（4）.Whydidsomeofthebestwomenteachersleaveteaching?

A.Newcareeropportunitiesweremadeavailabletothembywomen’sliberation.

√

B.Higheracademicrequirementsmadeitdifficultforthemtostayintheirjobs.

C.Theywereunhappywiththebureaucraticadministrationintheirschools.

D.Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.倒数第二段第二句提到，女性解放运动为女性提供了更广阔的就业选择范围，随着时间的推移，一些优秀的女性不再选择教师岗位。newcareeropportunities对应文中的newprofessionalopportunities，因此，选择A项。（5）.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisoneoftheresultsofgovernmentinvolvementineducation?

A.Increasingemphasisontheoriesofeducation.

B.Highlystandardizedteachingmethods.

C.Students’improvedacademicperformance.

D.Anever-growingnumberofadministrators.

√最后一段中提到官僚们对于教育的各种干涉及影响，其中包括“requireevermoreadministrators”，也就是要求更多的行政人员。因此，选择D项。三、TranslationWehavenoideaifonlineadsworkInthesummerof2003,ViacomexecutiveMelKarmazinmanagedtosumupoldmedia’shorroroftheInternetwithoneofbusinesslore’sgreatestvulgarone-liners.Karmazin,aswaggeringformeradsalesmanandonetimeCBSCorporationpresident,hadmadeanexpeditiontocheckoutSiliconValley’shottestyoungupstart:Google.Sittinginthefuturesearchgiant’soffices,helistenedindismayasitsfounders,LarryPageandSergeyBrin,anditsCEO,EricSchmidt,detailedthemanywaystheircompanycouldtrackandanalyzetheeffectivenessofonlineadvertising.Thiscouldnotpossiblybegoodforbusiness,Karmazinthought.【A1】.Ithadalwaysbeennearlyimpossibleformarketerstotellwhichoftheiradsworkedandwhichdidn’t,andthelesstheyknew,t