2016年中国艺术研究院考博英语真题

2016年中国艺术研究院考博英语真题词汇1.Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto______theproblem.

A.relate

B.tackle

√

C.file

D.attach2.Sadly,asspendingonprivategardenshas______,spendingonpublicparkshasgenerallydeclined.

A.heightened

B.lifted

C.flown

D.soared

√3.Thepaintingwasavaluablefamilypossession,whichhadbeen______fromgenerationtogeneration.

A.handedover

B.handedout

C.handeddown

√

D.handedacross4.Eachofthemhadadifferent______ofwhatactuallyhappened,butherswasfarmorebelievable.

A.message

B.theory

C.version

√

D.comment5.MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatthepowerofmediumis______.

A.granted

B.implied

C.exaggerated

√

D.remedied6.Inthewife’seyes,his______totheirmarriagelifeisfarfromperfect.

A.requirement

B.commitment

√

C.participation

D.reflection7.Writingisaslowprocess,requiring______thought,timeandeffort.

A.significant

B.considerable

√

C.great

D.numerous8.GreatBritainandFrancewillholda______regardingsomeEuropeaneconomicproblems.

A.conference

√

B.reference

C.conversion

D.cooperation9.Inthefilmwesawlastnight,thehero______hiswifetodeathwithhissword.

A.throat

B.thrust

√

C.trust

D.thread10.Shelikesthe______flowerinsteadofthenaturalone.

A.article

B.adventure

C.ancient

D.artificial

√11.The______betweenthetwoplayingperiodsofafootballgameisonlyafewminutes.

A.internal

B.reserve

C.interval

√

D.radium12.Whatweneedtolearnishowtoputtheoryinto______whenwebeginourfieldworkhere.

A.appearance

B.application

√

C.accomplish

D.achievement13.Inorderto______agoodknowledgeofEnglish,hegaveuphisjobandwenttostudyinanEnglishschool.

A.require

B.inquire

C.acquire

√

D.address14.Someresearchworkerscompletely______allthosefactsasthoughtheyneverexisted.

A.ignore

√

B.leave

C.refuse

D.miss15.Iknowyou’vegotasmoothtongue,sodon’ttalkme______buyingit.

A.away

B.down

C.out

D.into

√16.Themanhadto______theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.

A.surround

B.circle

√

C.observe

D.view17.Thegirlchosesomeverypretty______paperforthepresent.

A.covering

B.wrapping

√

C.packing

D.collecting18.AsforAnn,Iamnotsureabouther______inItalian.

A.fluency

√

B.clarity

C.coherence

D.excellency19.Mycatisafussyeater,butmydogisso______thatshe’llswallowdownanythingthatisputinfrontofher.

A.indiscriminate

√

B.choosy

C.indefinite

D.picky20.Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal______forlivingexpenses.

A.acceptable

B.applicable

C.advisable

D.available

√填空21.Thoughthenumberoftheupperclassisamereonethirdofthepopulation,theymakeupatleast25

percentofthenation’swealth.Thisclasshastwoparts:upper-upperandlower-upper.【A1】______,the

upper-upperclassisthe“oldrich”—familiesthathavebeenwealthyforseveralgenerations—a

nobilityof【A2】______andwealth.Afewareknownacrossthenation,suchastheRockefellers,andthe

Vanderbilts.Mostarenot【A3】______tothegeneralpublic.Theyhaveno【A4】______totherestofthe

community,【A5】______theirincomefromtheinvestmentoftheirinheritedwealth.By【A6】______,thelower-upper

classisthe“newrich”.【A7】______theymaybewealthierthansomeoftheoldrich,thenewrichhave

been【A8】______tomaketheirmoneylike【A9】______elsebeneaththeirclass.【A10】______theirstatusisgenerally【A11】______thanthat

oftheoldrich,whohavenotfounditnecessarytoliftafingertomaketheirmoney,andwho【A12】______to

lookdownuponthenewrich.Howeveritswealthis【A13】______,theupperclassisveryrich.Theyhave

enoughmoneyandleisuretimeto【A14】______aninterestintheartsandto【A15】______rarebooksandpaintings.They

generallyliveinexclusiveareas,belongtoexclusivesocialclubs,communicatewitheachother,and

marrytheirownkind,allofwhichkeepsthemso【A16】______fromthemassesthattheyhavebeencalledthe

out-of-sightclass.Morethananyotherclass,theytendtobe【A17】______ofbeingmembersofaclass.They

also【A18】______anenormousamountofpowerandinfluencehereandabroad,asthey【A19】______manytop

governmentpositions.Theiractions【A20】______thelivesofmillions.

（1）.【A1】______

A.Consequently

B.Accordingly

C.Regularly

D.Basically

√（2）.【A2】______

A.beginning

B.birth

√

C.infancy

D.foundation（3）.【A3】______

A.visible

√

B.noticeable

C.obvious

D.apparent（4）.【A4】______

A.contact

B.association

C.communication

D.relation

√（5）.【A5】______

A.pulling

B.abstracting

C.drawing

√

D.making（6）.【A6】______

A.comparison

B.contrast

√

C.contrary

D.difference（7）.【A7】______

A.Although

√

B.Because

C.Therefore

D.However（8）.【A8】______

A.greedy

√

B.indifferent

C.sympathetic

D.depressed（9）.【A9】______

A.nobody

B.everybody

√

C.somebody

D.anybody（10）.【A10】______

A.Then

B.But

C.Thus

√

D.Whereas（11）.【A11】______

A.superior

B.inferior

C.higher

D.lower

√（12）.【A12】______

A.want

B.select

C.hate

D.tend

√（13）.【A13】______

A.retained

B.benefited

C.acquired

√

D.rewarded（14）.【A14】______

A.reproduce

B.yield

C.cultivate

√

D.rear（15）.【A15】______

A.collect

√

B.gather

C.assemble

D.accumulate（16）.【A16】______

A.distant

√

B.far

C.separate

D.remote（17）.【A17】______

A.doubtful

B.conscious

√

C.sensitive

D.sensible（18）.【A18】______

A.demand

B.control

C.direct

D.command

√（19）.【A19】______

A.seize

B.abuse

C.hold

√

D.sustain（20）.【A20】______

A.attract

B.affect

√

C.effect

D.incline阅读22.

Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomemoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasing

populationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasing

demandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantiallytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.

Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswill

producelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.

Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolve

ever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals.Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmust

betakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.

Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothe

treatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes

“priorto”disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,oreffluents,topermitthereuseofthewateror

minimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.

Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureis

spreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareused

insomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Effluentsfromotherprocessing

plantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatand

poultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.

Otherindustriesarepotentialeconomicusesforwasteproducts.

（1）.Thepurposeofthispassageis______.

A.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupply

B.toexplainindustrialusesofwater

C.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblems

√

D.todemonstratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem

（2）.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

A.Industrialdevelopmentincludesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.

√

B.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwater.

C.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation.

D.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals.

（3）.Thereadercanconcludethat______.

A.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpollutionproblems

B.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplace

C.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersupplies

D.someindustriesarenowmakingeconomicuseofwastes

√（4）.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof______.

A.interviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrols

B.opinionsandpersonalobservations

√

C.definitionswhichclarifyimportantterms

D.strongargumentsandpersuasions

（5）.Thewords“priorto”（para.2）probablymean______.

A.after

B.during

C.before

√

D.beyond23.

Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalking,cyclingorswimming,

orinwinter,skatingorskiing.Itmaybegameofsomekindfootball,hockey,golf,ortennis.Itmay

bemountaineering.

Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwith

astonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandhardship,andtotakerisksonhigh

mountains?Thisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringand

otherformsofactivitytowhichmengivetheirleisure.

Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderules,asthereareforsuchgames

asgolfandfootball.Thereare,ofcourse,rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangerousto

ignore,butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineeringattractivetomany

people.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreetousetheirownmethods.

Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermorefamiliarsports,wemightthinkthatonebigdifference

isthatmountaineeringisnota“teamgame”.Weshouldbemistakeninthis.Thereare,itistrue,no

“matches”between“teams”ofclimbers,butwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeon

whichtheirlivesmaydepend,thereisobviouslyteamwork.

Themountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerful

thanman.Hehastofighttheforcesofnature.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysicalqualities.

Amountainclimbercontinuestoimproveinskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestby

theageofthirty,andmostinternationaltennischampionsareintheirearlytwenties.Butitisnot

unusualformanoffiftyorsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsinAlps.Theymaytakemoretime

thanyoungermen,buttheyprobablyclimbwithmoreskillandlesswasteofeffort,andtheir

certainlyexperienceequalenjoyment.

（1）.Mountaineeringinvolves______.

A.cold

B.hardship

C.physicalrisk

D.alloftheabove

√（2）.Thedifferencebetweenasportandagamehastodowiththekindof______.

A.activity

B.rules

√

C.uniform

D.participants（3）.Mountaineeringcanbecalledateamsportbecause______.

A.itisanOlympicevent

B.teamscompeteagainsteachother

C.mountaineersdependonotherwhileclimbing

√

D.thereare5climbersoneachteam

（4）.Mountaineerscompeteagainst______.

A.nature

√

B.eachother

C.otherteams

D.internationalstandards

（5）.Choosethebesttitleforthepassage______.

A.mountaineeringisdifferentfromgolfandfootball

B.mountaineeringismoreattractivethanothersports

C.mountaineering

√

D.mountainclimbers24.

Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtext,oureyesmoveacrossapageinshort,

jerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtime

theyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.The

lengthoftimeforwhichtheeyesstop—thedurationofthefixation—variesconsiderablyfrom

persontoperson.Italsovarieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhis

familiaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.

Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhow

oureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisual

aspectsofreading,numerousexerciseshavebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatone

fixation.Forinstance,insomeexercises,wordsareflashedontoascreenfor,say,atenthora

twentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsomecentral

point,takinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeof

rathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.All

theseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquite

anotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilityto

understandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequently,forthesereasons,manyexpertshavenow

beguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsaperson

toreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.（1）.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsexcept______.

A.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext

B.one’spurposeinreading

C.thelengthofagroupofwords

√

D.lightingandtiredness

（2）.Theauthormaybelievethatreading______.

A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation

B.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly

C.demandsandeeply-participatingmind

√

D.demandsmoremindthaneyes

（3）.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.”inthesecondparagraph?

A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted.

B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords.

C.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading.

√

D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.

（4）.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime.

B.Manyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining.

C.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading.

D.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.

√（5）.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis______.

A.critical

√

B.neutral

C.pessimistic

D.optimistic25.

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,

capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworked

relationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportion

toallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?I

haveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnited

States.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsible

forusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglonger

hours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleagues

andfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameon

theverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.

Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusin

awebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,

the.comgeneration,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentof

ourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarce

ofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInteractnewsandentertainment

allseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,weare

beginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatis

becausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,pace

andflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,

wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronic

messages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachof

someoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassand

religiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofusless

patientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatter

inthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisk

losingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

（1）.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat______.

A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward.

B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.

C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality.

√

D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned.

（2）.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.The.comgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

√

C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

（3）.Whatisthemostvaluableresourceforthe.comgeneration?

A.Technologicalwonders.

B.Accesstoinformation.

C.Time.

√

D.Timesavingdevices.

（4）.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat______.

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology.

B.the.comgenerationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations.

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility.

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient.

√（5）.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemight