2026年高考英语题型专练：阅读理解 梯度训练含答案解析

阅读理解高考备考梯度训练

能力提升之阅读理解15篇

、初阶训练（全国甲卷考区）Passage1-5

二、进阶训练（新高考n卷考区）Passage6-10

三、高阶提升（新高考I卷考区/自主命题考区）Passage11-15

第一部分：初阶训练

Passage1

（2024•四川成都模拟）"Why?''It'sasimplequestionthatpeopleaskAngelaMaxwellfrequently.Afterall,

shebeganajourneythatveryfewpeoplewouldeverattempt:walkaroundtheworldalone.

ThethoughtofMaxwell'sjourneydidnotstartfromaplaceoflossorpersonalcrisis.Shesaid,“Iwas

searchingfbradeeperinteractionwithnatureandpeople/'Walkingwouldminimisehercarbonfootprint,plusthe

slowpacemeantthatshecouldfullyimmerseherselfinnature,andgaininsightsintootherculturesinaunique

wav.

SheleftherhometownofRend,Oregon,on2May2014andheadedintoanadventure.Alongtheway,

Maxwellwouldsufferfromheatstrcke（中暑）intheAustraliandesertandheargunshotswhilecampinginTurkey.

t4St；ll,“shesaid,“Ididn'tstopbecauseIwasmoreafraidofnotfollowingmyheartthanIwasoflosing

everythingIownedandloved.”

Apartfromthat,herslowpaceallowedhertobedrawndeeplyintoothercultures.Shewanderedthetiny

seasidevillagesalongItalyTyrrhenianSea,enjoyingthelivelyatmosphere.InVietnam,shewasinvitedand

offeredfoodbyanelderlywomantorestinherwoodenshackalthepeakforthenight.Shechoseanexperienceof

uncertaintyandcuriosity,insearchofsomethingshecouldneverbecertaintofind:asenseoffulfilmentanda

deeperconnection.

On16December2020,Maxwell'spilgrimage（朝圣之旅）endedrightwhereitstarted.Fornow,she'sworking

onabook,planningfuturejourneysandcreatingmoreeffectivewaysforwomentofindandexpresscouragein

theirlives.

Whetherawalkleadshalfwayaroundtheworldorjustdowntheroad,Maxwellhasshownthetrueworthof

slowingdownandgivingmorethanwereceivealongtheway.

I.WhydidMaxwelldecidetostartherjourney?

A.Togetclosertotheworld.B.Toreducecarbonfootprint.

C.Togetridofpersonalcrisis.D.Toslowdownthepaceoflife.

2.WhatcanweknowaboutMaxwellduringthejourney?

A.Shewasabouttogiveup.

B.ShewashelpedbyItalianlocals.

C.Sheexperiencedvariouscultures.

D.SheenjoyedAustraliancoastalscenery.

3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMaxwell?

A.Cautiousandgentle.

B.Toughandadventurous.

C.Ambitiousandgenerous.

D.Openmindedandhumorous.

4.What'sthistextmainlyabout?

A.Anewwaytoslowdownlife.B.Acloserconnectionwiththewild.

C.Anunforgettablememoryofatrip.D.Awomanwalkingaroundtheworld.

Passage2

(2024•陕西西安质检)Accentsareasignofbelongingandsomethingthatseparatescommunities.Yetwecan

probablythinkofpeoplewhoseemtohavelosttheiraccentandofotherswhoseaccentstaysfirmlyinplace.Given

thepersonalandsocialimportanceofhowsomeonespeaks,whywouldanyone'saccentchange?

Aconsciousorsubconsciousdesiretofitincaninfluencethewayyouspeak.Ifsomeonemovesfrom

AustraliatoAmericatowork,forexample,theywillprobablyatleastchangetheiraccentinorderiogetabetter

senseofbelonging.Thismaybeoutofaneedordesiretobemoreclearlyunderstoodandtobeacceptedinanew

community.Theymightalsowanttoavoidridiculeforthewaytheyspeak.

Forpeoplewhoseaccentsdoshift,thewaytheyspeakmaybelessimportanttotheirsenseofidentity,ortheir

identitywithasocialorprofessionalgroupmaybemorepressing.Evenbeforewearebom,weareexposedtothe

speechpatternsofthosearoundus.Weprogressthroughvariousstagesofspeechdevelopmentthatresultinus

havingspeechpatternssimilartothosearoundus.

Forotherswhoseaccentdoesnotseemtochange,itcouldbebecausetheyfeelsafeintheiridentity,andtheir

accentismuchpartofthatidentity-orthatkeepingthedifferenceisvaluabletothem.

Meanwhile,braindamagemayresultinforeignaccentsyndrome(FAS),whichresultsfromphysicalchanges

thatarcnotunderthespeaker'scontrol.SufferingfromFAS,speakersmaylosetheabilitytospeakatallor

experiencestrangechangesinthewaytheypronounce.Insomecases,listenersmightlookdownuponaperson

withFASastheybelievethemtobeforeigners.Il'snowondermanypeopleunconsciouslyprotect(hemselvesby

adaptingtheirspeechtothosearoundthem.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"This"inParagraph2referto?

A.Thedesiretofitin.

B.Thechangeofcareer.

C.Theadjustmentofaccents.

D.Theinfluenceonlanguage.

2.Whatmakespeoplechoosetochangetheiraccents?

A.Theresultofbraindamage.

B.Theirstrongsenseofidentily.

C.Theirdesiretolearnaboutlocals.

D.Theneedtoadapttonewenvironment.

3.WhatcanweknowaboutthepeoplesufferingfromFAS?

A.Theymaybetakenasforeigners.

B.Theycannothelpmakingasound.

C.Theysufferfromemotionalchanges.

D.Theymaychangeaccentstogainrespect.

4.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?

A.Toexplainthelossofaccents.

B.Tointroducethehistoryofaccents.

C.Toanalysewhyaccentsarelostorkept.

D.Toshow(hesignificanceofaccentchanges.

Passage3

（2024•四川成都模拟）Whilericeandwheatarethetwomostcommonlyconsumedgrainsworldwide,astudy

coveringmore（han100,000peoplehasrevealedthatchoosingriceasastaple（主要的）foodmayresultinalower

riskofobesity（肥胖）.

Researcherscollecteddatafromparticipantsaged35to74.Theparticipantsrespondedtoquestionnairesvia

facctofaccinterviews,providinginformationabouttheirmedicalhistoryandlifestyle,suchasdietarystatusand

physicalactivity.Theresearchersdividedtheminto（hreegroupsaccordingtotheirweeklyriceandwheatintake.

Thefirstgroupcatsriceastheirstaplefood,consumingiteitherdailyorfourtosixtimesperweek.Thesecond

group'sstaplefoodiswheat,andthethirdgroupconsumesbothriceandwheatastheirstaplefood,withsimilar

frequency.

Theresultsshowthatricepreferencemaybeassociatedwithalowerriskofcertainobesitytypesandthat

higherwhealintakewasassociatedwithhigherrisksofexcessivebodyfatinmenandwomen.However,when

wheatloverschangedtheirstaplefoodtoricefivetimesperweek,theparticipantsshoweda36.5percentlowerrisk

ofobesityinmenanda20.5percentlowerriskinwomen.

Accordingtotheresearchers,whealflourabsorbslesswaterthanricewhencooked,partlyresultingina

higherenergydensityofwheatthanrice.Meanwhile,ricebaseddietarypatternsoftenhavemorefreshvegetables,

legumes,meatandfishsenings.Peoplewithwheatpreferencetendtoeatlargebowlsofnoodleswithfewer

vegetablesorlessmeat,andsometimesevenwithalargeamountofoil.

Theresearchersconcludedthatcomparedwithpreferenceforwheat,preferenceforrice,orchangingfrom

wheattoricecouldbeassociatedwithlowerrisksofoverallfataccumulation,especiallyforindividualswith

normalweight.Theyalsonotedthatgiventhevastterritoryanddiverseethnicgroups,furtherstudiesmaybe

necessarytofullyunderstandtheregionalspecificityandpotentialreasonsfortheobservedlinks.

5.Howdidtheresearchersarrangethesubjects?

A.Bytheage.

B.Bythegender.

C.Bytheirterritory.

D.Bytheirstaplefood.

6.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresults?

A.Wecantakeinasmuchriceaspossible.

B.Wheatintakemakespeoplefatandunhealthy.

C.Obesityriskscangetlowerwiththeshiftofstaplefood.

D.Womenareeasiertogetfalbyconsumingtoomuchwheat.

7.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Howpeoplecooktheirmeals.

B.Whatpeopleshouldeatfortheirhealth.

C.Whypeopleeasilygetfatbyintakeofwheat.

D.Whatingredientsshouldbeincludedinthe（iiel.

8.Whatcanwelearnabouttheresultsoftheresearchfromthelastparagraph?

A.Morestudiesshouldbedonetobetterunderstandtheconnection.

B.Peoplefromdifferentplaceshavedifferentpreferencesforfood.

C.Overweightpeopleshouldn'teatanywheatfood.

D.Peoplewithnormalweightwon'tgainfatagain.

Passage4

（2024•陕西西安质检）In2007,theAfricanUnionannouncedanambitiousproject一toplanttheGreatGreen

Wall（GGW）,abandoftreesthatwouldstretchthelengthoftheSahel.

TheGGWisanecologicalrestorationprojectdesignedbyAfricanpeopleforAfricanpeople.Heavyrains,

droughts,wildfiresandlandslideshaveallbecomecommonthroughouttheworld.Butnowhereisquitelikethe

Sahel.InthishugeAfricanregion,climatechangehasmaterialisedinadramaticmanner.Insomecases,thesevere

conditionshaveleftpeoplewithnooptionotherthantomigrateelsewheretosurvive.Itwaswithallofthisinmind

thattheextraordinary,butheavilydebatedprojectwasfirstputforward.

Fourteenyearshavepassedsincetheinitiativeformallykickedoff.Thestatedgoalwastocreatea15-

kilometrewide,8,OOOkilometrelonggreenbeltoftreesandotherplants（hat,by2030.wouldspan（跨越）theentire

widthoftheSahel,fromSenegaltoDjibouti.Overall,100millionhectares（公顷）oflandwouldberestoredby

2030.Oncecompleted,thewallcouldendupcapturing（俘获）250milliontonnesofcarbondioxide,whileits

creationandupkeepcouldcreatetenmillionjobsinruralareas.

Lookingattheprojectasawhole,there'sstillalongwaytogo.AccordingtoastatusreportbytheUN

ConventiontoCombatDeserlificalion,aboutfourmillionhectaresofdegradedlandhavebeenrestored.Thismeans

thatprogresstowardsthe100millionhectarestargetstandsatjustfourpercent.

“Whenwcstartedrestoringthesoil,wcrealisedtheareaatriskwasmuchwiderthanwcinitiallythought,“

explainsElvisPaulTangem,theAfricanUnion'sGGWcoordinator."Wehadfewfundstopushtheinitiativeas

muchaswewantedto.Therewasskepticismamonginvestors,whodidn'tunderstandtheproject,butalsoamong

theAfricanstatesthemselves,whichneededtimetotigureoutittheGGWwasapriority/7

1.WhatisthepurposeoftheGGWproject?

A.Toimprovelocalecology.B.Todevelopruraleconomy.

C.Topredictclimatepatterns.D.Tostrengthenregionalties.

2.WhatdothestatisticsinParagraph3showoftheinitiative?

A.Theserviceperiod.B.Thetotalbudget.

C.Thetargetedgroups.D.Theexpectedbenefits.

3.HowdoesElvisPaulTangemfeelabouttheproject?

A.Skeptical.B.Worried.

C.Confident.D.Satisfied.

4.Whatmessagedoestheauthorintend（oconveyinthetext?

A.Africancountriesshouldstandtogether.

B.Theprogressof（heGGWprojectisslow.

C.Fightingclimatechangeisourtoppriority.

D.Naturaldisastersareworsethanwethought.

Passage5

（2024•四川成都模拟）Whilericeandwheatarcthetwomostcommonlyconsumedgrainsworldwide,astudy

coveringmorethan100,（XX）peoplehasrevealedthatchoosingriceasastaple（主要的）foodmayresultinalower

riskofobesity（肥胖）.

Researcherscollecteddatafromparticipantsaged35to74.Theparticipantsrespondedtoquestionnairesvia

facetofaceinterviews,providinginformationabouttheirmedicalhistoryandlifestyle,suchasdietarystatusand

physicalactivity.Theresearchersdividedthemintothreegroupsaccordingto（heirweeklyriceandwhealintake.

Thefirstgroupcatsriceastheirstaplefood,consumingitcitherdailyorfourtosixtimesperweek.Thesecond

group'sstaplefoodiswheat,andthethirdgroupconsumesbothriceandwheatastheirstaplefood,withsimilar

frequency.

Theresultsshow（hatricepreferencemaybeassociatedwithalowerriskofcertainobesitytypesandthat

higherwheatintakewasassociatedwithhigherrisksofexcessivebodyfatinmenandwomen.However,when

wheatloverschangedtheirstaplefoodtoricefivetimesperweek,theparticipantsshoweda36.5percentlowerrisk

ofobesityinmenanda20.5percentlowerriskinwomen.

Accordingtotheresearchers,wheatflourabsorbslesswaterthanricewhencooked,partlyresultingina

higherenergydensityofwheatthanrice.Meanwhile,ricebaseddietarypatternsoftenhavemorefreshvegetables,

legumes,meatandfishsenings.Peoplewithwheatpreferencetendtocatlargebowlsofnoodleswithfewer

vegetablesorlessmeat,andsometimesevenwithalargeamountofoil.

Theresearchersconcludedthatcomparedwithpreferenceforwheat,preferenceforrice,orchangingfrom

wheattoricecouldbeassociatedwiihlowerrisksofoverallfaraccumulation,especiallyforindividualswith

normalweight.Theyalsonotedthatgiventhevastterritoryanddiverseethnicgroups,furtherstudiesmaybe

necessarytofullyunderstandtheregionalspecificityandpotentialreasonsfbrtheobservedlinks.

5.Howdidtheresearchersarrangethesubjects?

A.Bydieage.B.Bythegender.

C.Bytheirterritory.D.Bytheirstaplefood.

6.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresults?

A.Wecanlakeinasmuchriceaspossible.

B.Wheatintakemakespeoplefatandunhealthy.

C.Obesityriskscangetlowerwiththeshiftofstaplefood.

D.Womenareeasiertogetfalbyconsumingtoomuchwheat.

7.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Howpeoplecooktheirmeals.

B.Whatpeopleshouldeatfortheirhealth.

C.Whypeopleeasilygetfatbyintakeofwheat.

D.Whatingredientsshouldbeincludedinthediet.

8.Whatcanwelearnabouttheresultsoftheresearchfromthelastparagraph?

A.Morestudiesshouldbedonetobetterunderstandtheconnection.

B.Peoplefromdifferentplaceshavedifferentpreferencesforfood.

C.Overweightpeopleshouldn'teatanywheatfood.

D.Peoplewithnormalweightwon'tgainfatagain.

第二部分：进阶训练

Passage6

（2024•吉林长春摸底）TheSaharaistheworld'slargestandmostmagicdesert,butknowledgeaboutitis

surprisinglylimited.Evenestimatesofwheniiformedvarywidely,frommorethanfivemillionyearsagotomere

thousands.Now,however,geologistsstudyingwindcarricdSaharandustontheCanaryIslandshaveconiccloserto

settling（his:itis,theyreport,closetofivemillionyearsold.

OnereasonfortheuncertaintyovertheSahara'sageisthatresearchersusedifferentmethodstoestimateit.

Theseincludestudyingdesertdustfoundinsediment（沉积物）undertheAtlanticOcean,analysingsandstoneand

modelling（heancientclimate.Tohelpsettletheuncertainty,DanielMuhs,geomorphologistoftheUSGeological

Survey,andhiscolleagueslookedatsedimentonSpain'sCanaryIslands.TheyfoundevidenceofSaharandust.

Thedustappearedinancientsoillayers（层）,whoseagetheyassessedonthebasisoffossils（化石］foundinthe

samelayers-andthatageagreedwiththeearliermarinesedimentstudies.Theresearchersreported（heirfindings

inNovemberinPalaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology.

“Theconclusionofthestudyisverygood,“saysZhongshiZhang,aclimatemodellera（theUniversityof

BergeninNorway,whowasnotinvolvedinthework."Becausethedustfoundontheislandsisdistinctfromthe

ocean'srecord,、'Zhangadds,“ithelpstobuildthecasefbrafivemillionyearage.”

TheSaharaisthebiggestsourceofwindcarrieddustintheworld—andthatdust'sjourneydoesnotendinthe

CanaryIslands,whichliejustoffthewesterncoastofAfrica.ItcontinuesontoplacessuchastheAmazon

rainforestinSouthAmerica,Danielnotes.Amazonsoilsarepoorinnutrients,andhesaysthenewresultshelpto

showhowrichdustfromAfricacouldhavebeensupportingtheSouthAmericanregion'sincrediblebiodiversityfbr

millionsofyears—addingtotheAirazon'sownoriginstory.

5.HowdidDanielsettletheformationtimeoftheSahara?

A.BymodellingtheancientclimateinSpain'sislands.

B.BystudyingthedesertdustundertheAtlanticOcean.

C.Byassessingtheageofthedustinancientsoillayers.

D.ByanalysingthewindcarriedsandstoneintheSahara.

6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"theirfindings”inParagraph2referto?

A.Theappearanceofthedust.

B.Theformationoftwolayers.

C.TheageoftheSaharandust.

D.Theagreementoftwolayers.

7.WhatcontributestothebiodiversityoftheSouthAmerica?

A.TheSaharandust.B.TheAmazonsoils.

C.TheAmazonrainforest.D.Thecoastalwaters.

8.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheStudyoftheSaharaB.TheBirthoftheSahara

C.TheSourceoftheSaharaD.TheEffectoftheSahara

Passage7

（2023•辽宁沈阳三模）Storiesofimmigrantsattractmealot,especiallythelifestoriesofItalianswhohave

cometoAmericasincethe1700s.IneachofthesestoriesIseeelementsofmyownstory,thatofleavingmy

birthplaceandfamilyandcreatinganewlifeinadifferentcultureandinadifferentlanguage.

ThechildofItalianimmigrantsandanawardwinningscholarofItalianliterature,JosephLuzzistruggledto

createorfindhisownidentityfromanearlyageinthebookMyTwoItalies.Evenmoreproblematicforhimwas

“which“Italyto“choose”,theoneheinherited（继承）fromhisfamily,poorandlinkedtooldtraditionsand

customshefindsrudeandsomewhatcruel,ortheonehefindsinliteratureandartbooksthatshowhimacountry

withamodernliteraryculture.

ThechoicebecomesevensadderasinhisprofessionallifehebecomesascholarofItalianliteratureand

culture.Hedescribesepisodesofhisyouththatshowtheclashbetweenthefirstandthesecondgeneration

immigrantsthatarcbothfunnyandtragicomic（悲喜剧式的）.Theseepisodeshighlightthedailycustomshis

parentsbroughtfromtheirhometownthatareinconflictwithJoseph'sdesireto“fitin“theAmericanculture.

Joseph'svisitstoItalyasastudentandthenasascholardeepenthedividebetweenhistwoItalicsandhighlighthis

questforidentity.

Theauthor'spersonalchangesarefullofquotesandcommentsontheculturalandpoliticallandscapeofItaly.

IfindthathisinsightsoncontemporaryItalianculturalandpoliticalphenomenaarcparticularlyinteresting.Inthis

book,JosephtouchesorcommentsindepthaboutseveralissuesconcerningItalianlife,suchastherelationship

betweendialects（方言）andtheofficiallanguage,andtheSoutheni“queslion“ortheuneasyinteraction

betweenNorthernandSouthernItalians.

Ienjoyedreading(hisbook.Itispersonal,moving,educationalandentertaining.Ihopeyouwillenjoyittoo!

5.Whyistheauthorinterestedinstoriesofimmigrants?

A.HecametoAmericain1700.

B.HewantstoliveanItalianlife.

C.Hecanseehimselfinthesestories.

D.Helikestolearn(heItalianlanguage.

6.WhichofthefollowingismoredifficultforJosephtodealwith?

A.ChoosingrightItalianidentity.

B.Inheritinghisparents'wealth.

C.Bridgingthegenerationgap.

D.Becomingalitera^),scholar.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clash“meaninParagraph3?

A.Cooperation.B.Distance.

C.Similarity.D.Conflict.

8.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.

C.Achildren'sstory.D.Adiaryentry.

Passage8

(2024•吉林长春摸底)Justabout50yearsago,needingmoneytosupportinyfamily-mynovelsweren'tbest­

sellers—Ihadtheideaoftakingthelongesttraintripimaginableandwritingatravelbookaboutit.Thetripwas

improvisational(艮fl兴的).Ididn'thaveacreditcard.IhadnoideawhereI'dbestayingnorhowlongthistripwould

take.AndI'dneverwrittenatravelbookbefore.Ihopedmytripwouldn'tsufferalot,thoughitwasobviouslya

leapinthedark.

Isetoffwithonesmallbagcontainingclothes,amapofAsia,atravelguidebookandsometravellers'

cheques.Iwasofteninconvcnicncec,sometimesthreatened,nowandthendisturbedforbribes,occasionallylaidup

withfoodpoisoning—allthisvividdetailfbrmynarrative.

WhatIrepealedinthemoretnanfourmonthtripwasthepleasureofthesleepingcar.Writingonboardthe

KhyberMailtoLahoreinPakistan,4tThcromanceassociatedwiththesleepingcarcomesfromthefactthatitis

extremelyprivate,combiningthebestfeaturesofacupboardwithforwardmovement.Whateverdramaisbeing

showninthismovingbedroomisheightenedbythelandscapepassingthewindow...”Atrainisacarrierthat

allowsresidence.

IwroteTheGreatRailwayBazcuironmyreturnin1974,anditappeared(ogoodreviewsandquicksales.

That'sthepast.Nothingisthesame.Alltravelistimcrclatcd.Allsuchtripsarcsingularandunrepeatable.It'snot

justthatthesteamtrainsofAsiaaregone,butmuchofthepeaceandorderisgone.Who'driskanIraniantrainnow

ortakeabusthroughAfghanistan?

ButI'vebeensurprisedbysomeofthemorerecentdevelopmentsintravel.IrodeonChinesetrainsforayear

andwroteRidingtheIronRooster,butnowChinahasmuchcleanerandswiftertrainsandmoderniseddestinations.

AtravellertodaycouldtakethesametripItookin1986——1987andproduceacompletelydifferenthook.

Alltravelbooksaredated.That'stheirfaultthatthey'reoutdated,andit'stheirvirtuethattheypreserve

somethingofthepastthatwouldotherwisebelost.

1.Whathappenedatthebeginningoftheauthor'striptoAsia?

A.Hemadefullpreparationsforthetrip.

B.Hehadexpectedthejourneytoberough.

C.Heorganisedthetripwithhisfamily'ssupport.

D.Hestartedthetripoutofhispassionfbr（ravelling.

2.Whydidtheauthorrepeatedlyrecallthesleepingcar?

A.Forilsromanticscenery.

B.Foritsreassuringprivacy.

C.Foritsfullequipment.

D.Foritslongdistance.

3.Whatdidtheauthortrytoconveybysaying“Nothingisthesame”?

A.ThelandscapeinAsiawasgone.

B.Traintripwasnolongerpopular.

C.Hecouldn'twriteanotherbestseller.

D.Transportationandtravelhadchangedalot.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagreewith?

A.Practicemakesperfect.

B.Sharptoolsmakegoodwork.

C.Travel,truthisnotthearrivalcard.

D.Thejourney,notthearriva'matters.

Passage9

（2024•吉林长春摸底）TheSaharaistheworld'slargestandmostmagicdesert,butknowledgeaboutitis

surprisinglylimited.Evenestimatesofwhenitformedvarywidely,frommorethanfivemillionyearsagotomere

thousands.Now,however,geologistsstudyingwindcarricdSaharandustontheCanaryIslandshaveconiccloserto

settling（his:itis,theyreport,closetofivemillionyearsold.

OnereasonfortheuncertaintyovertheSahara'sageisthatresearchersusedifferentmethodstoestimateit.

Theseincludestudyingdesertdustfoundinsediment（沉积物）undertheAtlanticOcean,analysingsandstoneand

modelling（heancientclimate.Tohelpsettletheuncertainty,DanielMuhs,geomorphologistoftheUSGeological

Survey,andhiscolleagueslookedatsedimentonSpain'sCanaryIslands.TheyfoundevidenceofSaharandust.

Thedustappearedinancientsoillayers（层），whoseagetheyassessedonthebasisoffossils（化石］foundinthe

samelayers——andthatageagreedwiththeearliermarinesedimentstudies.Theresearchersreportedtheirfindings

inNovemberinPalaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology.

“Theconclusionofthestudyisverygood,“saysZhongshiZhang,aclimatemodellerattheUniversityof

BergeninNorway,whowasnotinvolvedinthework."Becausethedustfoundontheislandsisdistinctfromthe

ocean'srecord,“Zhangadds,t€ithelpstobuildthecasefbrafivemillionyearage.”

TheSaharaisthebiggestsourceofwindcarrieddustintheworld—andthatdust'sjourneydoesnotendinthe

CanaryIslands,whichliejustoffthewesterncoastofAfrica.ItcontinuesontoplacessuchastheAmazon

rainforestinSouthAmerica,Danielnotes.Amazonsoilsarepoorinnutrients,andhesaysthenewresultshelpto

showhowrichdustIromAfricacouldhavebeensupportingtheSouthAmericanregion'sincrediblebiodiversitytor

millionsofyears—addingtotheAirazon'sownoriginstory.

5.HowdidDanielsettletheformationtimeoftheSahara?

A.BymodellingtheancientclimateinSpain*sislands.

B.BystudyingthedesertdustundertheAtlanticOcean.

C.Byassessingtheageof（hedustinancientsoillayers.

D.ByanalysingthewindcarricdsandstoneintheSahara.

6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theirfindings''inParagraph2referto?

A.Theappearanceofthedust.

B.TheformationofIwolayers.

C.TheageoftheSaharandust.

D.Theagreementoftwolayers.

7.WhatcontributestothebiodiversityoftheSouthAmerica?

A.TheSaharandust.

B.TheAmazonsoils.

C.TheAmazonrainforest.

D.Thecoastalwaters.

8.WhichisthemostsuitableIideforthetext?

A.TheStudyoftheSahara

B.TheBirthoftheSahara

C.TheSourceoftheSahara

D.TheEffectoftheSahara

Passage1()

(2023•辽宁沈阳二模)Peoplewhogivelivelonger,studieshaveshown.Now,anewstudybytheUniversity

ofMichiganresearchersshowsthatwhypeoplevolunteer-notwhether(heyvolunteer-iswhatreallycounts.

Forthestudy,Konrathandcolleaguesanalyseddatacollectedin2008and2012aimingatthesamerandom

samplesof3,376people.Overall,theyfoundthatjust2.3percentofthosewhoonceworkedasvolunteershad

died,comparedto4.3percentofnonvolunteers.Theyfurtherfoundthathowmuchpeoplevolunteeredmatteredas

well-only1.8percentofregularvolunteersdi